Question 1

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
-​single-gene defects

Accepted Answer

A) represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism 
B) basic units of heredity that occupy specific places on chromosomes 
C) study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome 
D) structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes 
E) segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis,or production,of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes
F)study of the effects of nutrients on gene expression,and the impact of nutrient-gene interactions on health and disease
G)rare disorder caused by lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase
H)heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in DNA sequence
I)alteration in the normal sequence of a gene due to a substitution of a set of bases
J)occurs due to a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food
K)disorders resulting from one abnormal gene
L)single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose
M)one of the structural components,or building blocks,of DNA and RNA
N)rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces
O)specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA 
A) represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism 
B) basic units of heredity that occupy specific places on chromosomes 
C) study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome 
D) structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes 
E) segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis,or production,of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes
F)study of the effects of nutrients on gene expression,and the impact of nutrient-gene interactions on health and disease
G)rare disorder caused by lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase
H)heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in DNA sequence
I)alteration in the normal sequence of a gene due to a substitution of a set of bases
J)occurs due to a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food
K)disorders resulting from one abnormal gene
L)single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose
M)one of the structural components,or building blocks,of DNA and RNA
N)rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces
O)specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

Question 2

Genetic traits are the cause of the recent obesity epidemic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

What is the combined term for "genes" and "chromosomes"?

Accepted Answer

A) genome 
B) genes 
C) genotype 
D) genomics 
E) epigenetics 
A) genome 
B) genes 
C) genotype 
D) genomics 
E) epigenetics

Question 4

Among individuals with particular gene types,high-fat diets increase insulin resistance and fat stores in the liver,and increase the risk of _____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​heart disease only 
B) obesity only 
C) type 2 diabetes only 
D) heart disease and obesity 
E) ​obesity and type 2 diabetes 
A) ​heart disease only 
B) obesity only 
C) type 2 diabetes only 
D) heart disease and obesity 
E) ​obesity and type 2 diabetes

Question 5

People with galactosemia must avoid _____ for life.

Accepted Answer

A) fruits 
B) vegetable oils 
C) grains 
D) milk and milk products 
E) fish 
A) fruits 
B) vegetable oils 
C) grains 
D) milk and milk products 
E) fish

Question 6

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
-​nutrigenomics

Accepted Answer

A) represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism 
B) basic units of heredity that occupy specific places on chromosomes 
C) study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome 
D) structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes 
E) segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis,or production,of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes
F)study of the effects of nutrients on gene expression,and the impact of nutrient-gene interactions on health and disease
G)rare disorder caused by lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase
H)heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in DNA sequence
I)alteration in the normal sequence of a gene due to a substitution of a set of bases
J)occurs due to a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food
K)disorders resulting from one abnormal gene
L)single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose
M)one of the structural components,or building blocks,of DNA and RNA
N)rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces
O)specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA 
A) represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism 
B) basic units of heredity that occupy specific places on chromosomes 
C) study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome 
D) structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes 
E) segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis,or production,of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes
F)study of the effects of nutrients on gene expression,and the impact of nutrient-gene interactions on health and disease
G)rare disorder caused by lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase
H)heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in DNA sequence
I)alteration in the normal sequence of a gene due to a substitution of a set of bases
J)occurs due to a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food
K)disorders resulting from one abnormal gene
L)single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose
M)one of the structural components,or building blocks,of DNA and RNA
N)rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces
O)specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

Question 7

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
-​sitosterolemia

Accepted Answer

A) represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism 
B) basic units of heredity that occupy specific places on chromosomes 
C) study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome 
D) structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes 
E) segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis,or production,of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes
F)study of the effects of nutrients on gene expression,and the impact of nutrient-gene interactions on health and disease
G)rare disorder caused by lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase
H)heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in DNA sequence
I)alteration in the normal sequence of a gene due to a substitution of a set of bases
J)occurs due to a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food
K)disorders resulting from one abnormal gene
L)single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose
M)one of the structural components,or building blocks,of DNA and RNA
N)rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces
O)specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA 
A) represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism 
B) basic units of heredity that occupy specific places on chromosomes 
C) study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome 
D) structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes 
E) segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis,or production,of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes
F)study of the effects of nutrients on gene expression,and the impact of nutrient-gene interactions on health and disease
G)rare disorder caused by lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase
H)heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in DNA sequence
I)alteration in the normal sequence of a gene due to a substitution of a set of bases
J)occurs due to a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food
K)disorders resulting from one abnormal gene
L)single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose
M)one of the structural components,or building blocks,of DNA and RNA
N)rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces
O)specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

Question 8

The influence of the gene variants on weight gain is decreased by _____.

Accepted Answer

A) an increased intake of omega-3 fatty acids 
B) physical activity 
C) medication 
D) low-fat diets 
E) low-carbohydrate diets 
A) an increased intake of omega-3 fatty acids 
B) physical activity 
C) medication 
D) low-fat diets 
E) low-carbohydrate diets

Question 9

The human genome is estimated to contain _____ genes.

Accepted Answer

A) 10,000 
B) 13,000 
C) 16,000 
D) 19,000 
E) 22,000 
A) 10,000 
B) 13,000 
C) 16,000 
D) 19,000 
E) 22,000

Question 10

High blood levels of phenylalanine during growth lead to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) mental retardation 
B) hyperactivity 
C) poor vision 
D) asthma 
E) a compromised immune system 
A) mental retardation 
B) hyperactivity 
C) poor vision 
D) asthma 
E) a compromised immune system

Exam 26: Nutrition:Gene Interactions in Health and Disease

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -​single-gene defects

Genetic traits are the cause of the recent obesity epidemic.

What is the combined term for "genes" and "chromosomes"?

Among individuals with particular gene types,high-fat diets increase insulin resistance and fat stores in the liver,and increase the risk of _____.

People with galactosemia must avoid _____ for life.

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -​nutrigenomics

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -​sitosterolemia

The influence of the gene variants on weight gain is decreased by _____.

The human genome is estimated to contain _____ genes.

High blood levels of phenylalanine during growth lead to _____.

Key Nutrition Concepts and Terms

The Inside Story about Nutrition and Health

Ways of Knowing about Nutrition

Understanding Food and Nutrition Labels

Nutrition, Attitudes, and Behavior

Healthy Diets: the Dietary Guidelines: MyPlate: and More

How the Body Uses Food: Digestion and Absorption

Calories: Food: Energy: and Energy Balance

Obesity to Underweight: The Highs and Lows of Weight Status

Weight Control: The Myths and Realities

Disordered Eating:Anorexia Nervosa: Bulimia: and Pica

Useful Facts about Sugars: Starches: and Fiber

Diabetes Now

Alcohol: The Positives and Negatives

Proteins and Amino Acids

Vegetarian Diets

Food Allergies and Intolerances

Fats and Cholesterol in Health

Nutrition and Heart Disease

Vitamins and Your Health

Phytochemicals

Diet and Cancer

Good Things to Know About Minerals

Dietary Supplements and Functional Foods

Water Is an Essential Nutrient

Nutrition and Physical Fitness for Everyone

Nutrition and Physical Performance

Good Nutrition for Life: Pregnancy: Breastfeeding: and Intimacy

Nutriton for Growing Years: Childhood and Adolescence

Nutrition and Health Maintenance for Adults of All Ages

The Multiple Dimensions of Food Safety

Aspects of Global Nutrition

Filters

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -single-gene defects

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -nutrigenomics

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -sitosterolemia