Question 1

Genetic traits do not affect a person's perception of sweet and savory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
-​phenylketonuria

Accepted Answer

A) represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism 
B) basic units of heredity that occupy specific places on chromosomes 
C) study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome 
D) structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes 
E) segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis,or production,of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes
F)study of the effects of nutrients on gene expression,and the impact of nutrient-gene interactions on health and disease
G)rare disorder caused by lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase
H)heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in DNA sequence
I)alteration in the normal sequence of a gene due to a substitution of a set of bases
J)occurs due to a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food
K)disorders resulting from one abnormal gene
L)single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose
M)one of the structural components,or building blocks,of DNA and RNA
N)rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces
O)specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA 
A) represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism 
B) basic units of heredity that occupy specific places on chromosomes 
C) study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome 
D) structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes 
E) segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis,or production,of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes
F)study of the effects of nutrients on gene expression,and the impact of nutrient-gene interactions on health and disease
G)rare disorder caused by lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase
H)heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in DNA sequence
I)alteration in the normal sequence of a gene due to a substitution of a set of bases
J)occurs due to a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food
K)disorders resulting from one abnormal gene
L)single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose
M)one of the structural components,or building blocks,of DNA and RNA
N)rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces
O)specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

Question 3

​Catherine is a college senior who is taking a health and nutrition course.The class is studying family health history.After completing her family health history project,Catherine realizes that she has a family history of breast cancer and obesity.Catherine wants to continue to study and learn how she can reduce her risk of certain diseases through lifestyle changes.
-​ What should Catherine do to decrease her chances of developing gene-related diseases?

Accepted Answer

A) Nothing,she can't change her genotype. 
B) Talk to her doctor about having her genetic profile mapped and then altered accordingly. 
C) Increase her physical activity and vegetable intake and avoid harmful environmental factors. 
D) Talk to a genetic therapist. 
E) Try vitamin and mineral supplements. 
A) Nothing,she can't change her genotype. 
B) Talk to her doctor about having her genetic profile mapped and then altered accordingly. 
C) Increase her physical activity and vegetable intake and avoid harmful environmental factors. 
D) Talk to a genetic therapist. 
E) Try vitamin and mineral supplements.

Question 4

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

Accepted Answer

A) 19 
B) 23 
C) 27 
D) 31 
E) 35 
A) 19 
B) 23 
C) 27 
D) 31 
E) 35

Question 5

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
-​galactosemia

Accepted Answer

A) represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism 
B) basic units of heredity that occupy specific places on chromosomes 
C) study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome 
D) structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes 
E) segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis,or production,of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes
F)study of the effects of nutrients on gene expression,and the impact of nutrient-gene interactions on health and disease
G)rare disorder caused by lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase
H)heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in DNA sequence
I)alteration in the normal sequence of a gene due to a substitution of a set of bases
J)occurs due to a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food
K)disorders resulting from one abnormal gene
L)single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose
M)one of the structural components,or building blocks,of DNA and RNA
N)rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces
O)specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA 
A) represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism 
B) basic units of heredity that occupy specific places on chromosomes 
C) study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome 
D) structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes 
E) segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis,or production,of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes
F)study of the effects of nutrients on gene expression,and the impact of nutrient-gene interactions on health and disease
G)rare disorder caused by lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase
H)heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in DNA sequence
I)alteration in the normal sequence of a gene due to a substitution of a set of bases
J)occurs due to a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food
K)disorders resulting from one abnormal gene
L)single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose
M)one of the structural components,or building blocks,of DNA and RNA
N)rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces
O)specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

Question 6

Which single-gene defect disorder is fairly common affecting 1 in 300 Caucasians?

Accepted Answer

A) galactosemia 
B) hemochromatosis 
C) sitosterolemia 
D) muscular dystrophy 
E) PKU 
A) galactosemia 
B) hemochromatosis 
C) sitosterolemia 
D) muscular dystrophy 
E) PKU

Question 7

People who prefer sweet and savory tastes tend to have a higher _____ than people who do not.

Accepted Answer

A) body mass index 
B) blood pressure 
C) waist circumference 
D) body fat percentage 
E) heart rate 
A) body mass index 
B) blood pressure 
C) waist circumference 
D) body fat percentage 
E) heart rate

Question 8

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
-​deoxyribonucleic acid

Accepted Answer

A) represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism 
B) basic units of heredity that occupy specific places on chromosomes 
C) study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome 
D) structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes 
E) segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis,or production,of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes
F)study of the effects of nutrients on gene expression,and the impact of nutrient-gene interactions on health and disease
G)rare disorder caused by lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase
H)heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in DNA sequence
I)alteration in the normal sequence of a gene due to a substitution of a set of bases
J)occurs due to a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food
K)disorders resulting from one abnormal gene
L)single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose
M)one of the structural components,or building blocks,of DNA and RNA
N)rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces
O)specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA 
A) represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism 
B) basic units of heredity that occupy specific places on chromosomes 
C) study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome 
D) structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes 
E) segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis,or production,of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes
F)study of the effects of nutrients on gene expression,and the impact of nutrient-gene interactions on health and disease
G)rare disorder caused by lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase
H)heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in DNA sequence
I)alteration in the normal sequence of a gene due to a substitution of a set of bases
J)occurs due to a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food
K)disorders resulting from one abnormal gene
L)single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose
M)one of the structural components,or building blocks,of DNA and RNA
N)rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces
O)specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

Question 9

Accumulation of plant sterols in the body increases the risk of _____.

Accepted Answer

A) obesity 
B) heart disease 
C) diabetes 
D) cancer 
E) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 
A) obesity 
B) heart disease 
C) diabetes 
D) cancer 
E) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 10

Which substances,produced as a result of genetic codes,are central to life and health because they determine which chemical changes will take place within the body?

Accepted Answer

A) glucose and hormones 
B) enzymes and proteins 
C) cholesterol and triglycerides 
D) insulin and glucagon 
E) glycogen and water 
A) glucose and hormones 
B) enzymes and proteins 
C) cholesterol and triglycerides 
D) insulin and glucagon 
E) glycogen and water

Question 11

​Catherine is a college senior who is taking a health and nutrition course.The class is studying family health history.After completing her family health history project,Catherine realizes that she has a family history of breast cancer and obesity.Catherine wants to continue to study and learn how she can reduce her risk of certain diseases through lifestyle changes.
-How can Catherine modify her diet to lower her risk of developing breast cancer?

Accepted Answer

A) Eliminate caffeine. 
B) Eliminate fried foods. 
C) Increase her folate intake. 
D) Regularly consume cruciferous vegetables. 
E) Regularly consume calcium and vitamin D. 
A) Eliminate caffeine. 
B) Eliminate fried foods. 
C) Increase her folate intake. 
D) Regularly consume cruciferous vegetables. 
E) Regularly consume calcium and vitamin D.

Question 12

Increased intake of omega-6 fatty acids combined with a reduction of intake of omega-3 fatty acids decreases inflammatory gene expression.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

A child with galactosemia can eat _____.

Accepted Answer

A) whey 
B) yogurt 
C) beef 
D) cheese 
E) nonfat dry milk 
A) whey 
B) yogurt 
C) beef 
D) cheese 
E) nonfat dry milk

Question 14

Increased intake of _____ combined with a reduction of intake of omega-6 fatty acids from oils decreases inflammatory gene expression.

Accepted Answer

A) fiber 
B) calcium 
C) vitamin C 
D) vitamin D 
E) omega-3 fatty acids 
A) fiber 
B) calcium 
C) vitamin C 
D) vitamin D 
E) omega-3 fatty acids

Question 15

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
-​epigenetic

Accepted Answer

A) represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism 
B) basic units of heredity that occupy specific places on chromosomes 
C) study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome 
D) structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes 
E) segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis,or production,of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes
F)study of the effects of nutrients on gene expression,and the impact of nutrient-gene interactions on health and disease
G)rare disorder caused by lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase
H)heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in DNA sequence
I)alteration in the normal sequence of a gene due to a substitution of a set of bases
J)occurs due to a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food
K)disorders resulting from one abnormal gene
L)single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose
M)one of the structural components,or building blocks,of DNA and RNA
N)rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces
O)specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA 
A) represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism 
B) basic units of heredity that occupy specific places on chromosomes 
C) study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome 
D) structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes 
E) segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis,or production,of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes
F)study of the effects of nutrients on gene expression,and the impact of nutrient-gene interactions on health and disease
G)rare disorder caused by lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase
H)heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in DNA sequence
I)alteration in the normal sequence of a gene due to a substitution of a set of bases
J)occurs due to a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food
K)disorders resulting from one abnormal gene
L)single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose
M)one of the structural components,or building blocks,of DNA and RNA
N)rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces
O)specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

Question 16

Knowledge of an individual's genetic makeup does not provide enough information to reliably indicate disease risk.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

High levels of body iron have toxic effects on tissues such as the _____.

Accepted Answer

A) brain only 
B) liver only 
C) heart only 
D) brain and liver 
E) liver and heart 
A) brain only 
B) liver only 
C) heart only 
D) brain and liver 
E) liver and heart

Question 18

Genes replicate themselves exactly over generations,and lasting modifications in them almost never occur.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
-​genes

Accepted Answer

A) represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism 
B) basic units of heredity that occupy specific places on chromosomes 
C) study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome 
D) structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes 
E) segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis,or production,of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes
F)study of the effects of nutrients on gene expression,and the impact of nutrient-gene interactions on health and disease
G)rare disorder caused by lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase
H)heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in DNA sequence
I)alteration in the normal sequence of a gene due to a substitution of a set of bases
J)occurs due to a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food
K)disorders resulting from one abnormal gene
L)single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose
M)one of the structural components,or building blocks,of DNA and RNA
N)rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces
O)specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA 
A) represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism 
B) basic units of heredity that occupy specific places on chromosomes 
C) study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome 
D) structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes 
E) segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis,or production,of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes
F)study of the effects of nutrients on gene expression,and the impact of nutrient-gene interactions on health and disease
G)rare disorder caused by lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase
H)heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in DNA sequence
I)alteration in the normal sequence of a gene due to a substitution of a set of bases
J)occurs due to a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food
K)disorders resulting from one abnormal gene
L)single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose
M)one of the structural components,or building blocks,of DNA and RNA
N)rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces
O)specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

Question 20

PKU causes _____ to build up in the blood.

Accepted Answer

A) lysine 
B) threonine 
C) phenylalanine 
D) methionine 
E) valine 
A) lysine 
B) threonine 
C) phenylalanine 
D) methionine 
E) valine

Exam 26: Nutrition:Gene Interactions in Health and Disease

Genetic traits do not affect a person's perception of sweet and savory.

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -​phenylketonuria

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -​galactosemia

Which single-gene defect disorder is fairly common affecting 1 in 300 Caucasians?

People who prefer sweet and savory tastes tend to have a higher _____ than people who do not.

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -​deoxyribonucleic acid

Accumulation of plant sterols in the body increases the risk of _____.

Which substances,produced as a result of genetic codes,are central to life and health because they determine which chemical changes will take place within the body?

Increased intake of omega-6 fatty acids combined with a reduction of intake of omega-3 fatty acids decreases inflammatory gene expression.

A child with galactosemia can eat _____.

Increased intake of _____ combined with a reduction of intake of omega-6 fatty acids from oils decreases inflammatory gene expression.

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -​epigenetic

Knowledge of an individual's genetic makeup does not provide enough information to reliably indicate disease risk.

High levels of body iron have toxic effects on tissues such as the _____.

Genes replicate themselves exactly over generations,and lasting modifications in them almost never occur.

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -​genes

PKU causes _____ to build up in the blood.

Key Nutrition Concepts and Terms

The Inside Story about Nutrition and Health

Ways of Knowing about Nutrition

Understanding Food and Nutrition Labels

Nutrition, Attitudes, and Behavior

Healthy Diets: the Dietary Guidelines: MyPlate: and More

How the Body Uses Food: Digestion and Absorption

Calories: Food: Energy: and Energy Balance

Obesity to Underweight: The Highs and Lows of Weight Status

Weight Control: The Myths and Realities

Disordered Eating:Anorexia Nervosa: Bulimia: and Pica

Useful Facts about Sugars: Starches: and Fiber

Diabetes Now

Alcohol: The Positives and Negatives

Proteins and Amino Acids

Vegetarian Diets

Food Allergies and Intolerances

Fats and Cholesterol in Health

Nutrition and Heart Disease

Vitamins and Your Health

Phytochemicals

Diet and Cancer

Good Things to Know About Minerals

Dietary Supplements and Functional Foods

Water Is an Essential Nutrient

Nutrition and Physical Fitness for Everyone

Nutrition and Physical Performance

Good Nutrition for Life: Pregnancy: Breastfeeding: and Intimacy

Nutriton for Growing Years: Childhood and Adolescence

Nutrition and Health Maintenance for Adults of All Ages

The Multiple Dimensions of Food Safety

Aspects of Global Nutrition

Filters

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -phenylketonuria

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -galactosemia

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -deoxyribonucleic acid

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -epigenetic

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -genes