Question 1

Humans have 30 pairs of chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

How is PKU treated?

Accepted Answer

A) medication 
B) surgery 
C) elimination of milk and milk products 
D) low-phenylalanine diet 
E) high-protein diet 
A) medication 
B) surgery 
C) elimination of milk and milk products 
D) low-phenylalanine diet 
E) high-protein diet

Question 3

Enzymes and other proteins produced as a result of genetic codes are central to life and health because they determine which chemical changes will take place within the body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Genomics includes the scientific study of complex diseases such as heart disease,diabetes,cancer,and _____.

Accepted Answer

A) celiac disease 
B) osteoporosis 
C) anemia 
D) asthma 
E) scurvy 
A) celiac disease 
B) osteoporosis 
C) anemia 
D) asthma 
E) scurvy

Question 5

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
-​genomics

Accepted Answer

A) represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism 
B) basic units of heredity that occupy specific places on chromosomes 
C) study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome 
D) structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes 
E) segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis,or production,of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes
F)study of the effects of nutrients on gene expression,and the impact of nutrient-gene interactions on health and disease
G)rare disorder caused by lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase
H)heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in DNA sequence
I)alteration in the normal sequence of a gene due to a substitution of a set of bases
J)occurs due to a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food
K)disorders resulting from one abnormal gene
L)single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose
M)one of the structural components,or building blocks,of DNA and RNA
N)rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces
O)specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA 
A) represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism 
B) basic units of heredity that occupy specific places on chromosomes 
C) study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome 
D) structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes 
E) segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis,or production,of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes
F)study of the effects of nutrients on gene expression,and the impact of nutrient-gene interactions on health and disease
G)rare disorder caused by lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase
H)heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in DNA sequence
I)alteration in the normal sequence of a gene due to a substitution of a set of bases
J)occurs due to a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food
K)disorders resulting from one abnormal gene
L)single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose
M)one of the structural components,or building blocks,of DNA and RNA
N)rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces
O)specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

Question 6

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
-​genotype

Accepted Answer

A) represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism 
B) basic units of heredity that occupy specific places on chromosomes 
C) study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome 
D) structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes 
E) segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis,or production,of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes
F)study of the effects of nutrients on gene expression,and the impact of nutrient-gene interactions on health and disease
G)rare disorder caused by lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase
H)heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in DNA sequence
I)alteration in the normal sequence of a gene due to a substitution of a set of bases
J)occurs due to a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food
K)disorders resulting from one abnormal gene
L)single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose
M)one of the structural components,or building blocks,of DNA and RNA
N)rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces
O)specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA 
A) represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism 
B) basic units of heredity that occupy specific places on chromosomes 
C) study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome 
D) structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes 
E) segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis,or production,of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes
F)study of the effects of nutrients on gene expression,and the impact of nutrient-gene interactions on health and disease
G)rare disorder caused by lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase
H)heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in DNA sequence
I)alteration in the normal sequence of a gene due to a substitution of a set of bases
J)occurs due to a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food
K)disorders resulting from one abnormal gene
L)single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose
M)one of the structural components,or building blocks,of DNA and RNA
N)rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces
O)specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

Question 7

All babies born in the United States and many other countries are tested for _____ after birth.​

Accepted Answer

A) PKU 
B) galactosemia 
C) hemochromatosis 
D) sitosterolemia 
E) cystic fibrosis 
A) PKU 
B) galactosemia 
C) hemochromatosis 
D) sitosterolemia 
E) cystic fibrosis

Question 8

Most disorders are related to multiple genes and interactions among gene function and environmental factors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

A nucleotide consists of a base plus a molecule of _____ and one of phosphoric acid.

Accepted Answer

A) sugar 
B) water 
C) fat 
D) nitrate 
E) phosphate 
A) sugar 
B) water 
C) fat 
D) nitrate 
E) phosphate

Question 10

How is sitosterolemia treated?

Accepted Answer

A) elimination of phenylalanine 
B) elimination of gluten 
C) diet low in lactose 
D) diet low in plant sterols 
E) diet low in sodium 
A) elimination of phenylalanine 
B) elimination of gluten 
C) diet low in lactose 
D) diet low in plant sterols 
E) diet low in sodium

Question 11

Most single-gene defects are rare.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

People born with a high sensitivity to bitter tastes tend to dislike _____.

Accepted Answer

A) milk 
B) canola oil 
C) spinach 
D) apples 
E) tomatoes 
A) milk 
B) canola oil 
C) spinach 
D) apples 
E) tomatoes

Question 13

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
-​hemochromatosis

Accepted Answer

A) represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism 
B) basic units of heredity that occupy specific places on chromosomes 
C) study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome 
D) structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes 
E) segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis,or production,of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes
F)study of the effects of nutrients on gene expression,and the impact of nutrient-gene interactions on health and disease
G)rare disorder caused by lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase
H)heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in DNA sequence
I)alteration in the normal sequence of a gene due to a substitution of a set of bases
J)occurs due to a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food
K)disorders resulting from one abnormal gene
L)single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose
M)one of the structural components,or building blocks,of DNA and RNA
N)rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces
O)specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA 
A) represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism 
B) basic units of heredity that occupy specific places on chromosomes 
C) study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome 
D) structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes 
E) segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis,or production,of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes
F)study of the effects of nutrients on gene expression,and the impact of nutrient-gene interactions on health and disease
G)rare disorder caused by lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase
H)heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in DNA sequence
I)alteration in the normal sequence of a gene due to a substitution of a set of bases
J)occurs due to a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food
K)disorders resulting from one abnormal gene
L)single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose
M)one of the structural components,or building blocks,of DNA and RNA
N)rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces
O)specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

Question 14

It is estimated that 90% of DNA alterations associated with disease are due to genes rather than gene switches.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which food most likely contains plant sterols?

Accepted Answer

A) bacon 
B) chicken 
C) almonds 
D) yogurt 
E) cheese 
A) bacon 
B) chicken 
C) almonds 
D) yogurt 
E) cheese

Question 16

Match each term with the appropriate definition.
-​nucleotide

Accepted Answer

A) represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism 
B) basic units of heredity that occupy specific places on chromosomes 
C) study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome 
D) structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes 
E) segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis,or production,of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes
F)study of the effects of nutrients on gene expression,and the impact of nutrient-gene interactions on health and disease
G)rare disorder caused by lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase
H)heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in DNA sequence
I)alteration in the normal sequence of a gene due to a substitution of a set of bases
J)occurs due to a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food
K)disorders resulting from one abnormal gene
L)single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose
M)one of the structural components,or building blocks,of DNA and RNA
N)rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces
O)specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA 
A) represents all the genes and DNA contained in an organism 
B) basic units of heredity that occupy specific places on chromosomes 
C) study of the functions and interactions of all genes in the genome 
D) structures in the nuclei of cells that contain genes 
E) segments of genes that provide instructions for the synthesis,or production,of specific enzymes and other proteins needed by cells to carry out life- and health-sustaining processes
F)study of the effects of nutrients on gene expression,and the impact of nutrient-gene interactions on health and disease
G)rare disorder caused by lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase
H)heritable changes in gene function that do not entail a change in DNA sequence
I)alteration in the normal sequence of a gene due to a substitution of a set of bases
J)occurs due to a defect in a gene that produces a protein that controls how much iron is absorbed from food
K)disorders resulting from one abnormal gene
L)single-gene defect disorder that interferes with the body's utilization of the sugar galactose
M)one of the structural components,or building blocks,of DNA and RNA
N)rare disorder caused by a mutation in one of two genes that affect the ability of small intestine cells to dispose of plant sterols in the feces
O)specific genetic makeup of an individual as coded by DNA

Question 17

The genes individuals inherit at birth from their mother and father affect disease susceptibility.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The DNA base pairs are adenine,thymine,guanine,and _____.

Accepted Answer

A) glutamic acid 
B) proline 
C) glutamine 
D) choline 
E) cytosine 
A) glutamic acid 
B) proline 
C) glutamine 
D) choline 
E) cytosine

Question 19

Noncoding segments of DNA vary in composition based on _____.

Accepted Answer

A) changes in chromosomes 
B) increased or decreased circulation 
C) other genes 
D) environmental factors 
E) weight 
A) changes in chromosomes 
B) increased or decreased circulation 
C) other genes 
D) environmental factors 
E) weight

Question 20

Personalized modifications of dietary intake based on genotypes will most likely become standard practice in clinical dietetics and medicine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 26: Nutrition:Gene Interactions in Health and Disease

Humans have 30 pairs of chromosomes.

How is PKU treated?

Enzymes and other proteins produced as a result of genetic codes are central to life and health because they determine which chemical changes will take place within the body.

Genomics includes the scientific study of complex diseases such as heart disease,diabetes,cancer,and _____.

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -​genomics

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -​genotype

All babies born in the United States and many other countries are tested for _____ after birth.​

Most disorders are related to multiple genes and interactions among gene function and environmental factors.

A nucleotide consists of a base plus a molecule of _____ and one of phosphoric acid.

How is sitosterolemia treated?

Most single-gene defects are rare.

People born with a high sensitivity to bitter tastes tend to dislike _____.

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -​hemochromatosis

It is estimated that 90% of DNA alterations associated with disease are due to genes rather than gene switches.

Which food most likely contains plant sterols?

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -​nucleotide

The genes individuals inherit at birth from their mother and father affect disease susceptibility.

The DNA base pairs are adenine,thymine,guanine,and _____.

Noncoding segments of DNA vary in composition based on _____.

Personalized modifications of dietary intake based on genotypes will most likely become standard practice in clinical dietetics and medicine.

Key Nutrition Concepts and Terms

The Inside Story about Nutrition and Health

Ways of Knowing about Nutrition

Understanding Food and Nutrition Labels

Nutrition, Attitudes, and Behavior

Healthy Diets: the Dietary Guidelines: MyPlate: and More

How the Body Uses Food: Digestion and Absorption

Calories: Food: Energy: and Energy Balance

Obesity to Underweight: The Highs and Lows of Weight Status

Weight Control: The Myths and Realities

Disordered Eating:Anorexia Nervosa: Bulimia: and Pica

Useful Facts about Sugars: Starches: and Fiber

Diabetes Now

Alcohol: The Positives and Negatives

Proteins and Amino Acids

Vegetarian Diets

Food Allergies and Intolerances

Fats and Cholesterol in Health

Nutrition and Heart Disease

Vitamins and Your Health

Phytochemicals

Diet and Cancer

Good Things to Know About Minerals

Dietary Supplements and Functional Foods

Water Is an Essential Nutrient

Nutrition and Physical Fitness for Everyone

Nutrition and Physical Performance

Good Nutrition for Life: Pregnancy: Breastfeeding: and Intimacy

Nutriton for Growing Years: Childhood and Adolescence

Nutrition and Health Maintenance for Adults of All Ages

The Multiple Dimensions of Food Safety

Aspects of Global Nutrition

Filters

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -genomics

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -genotype

All babies born in the United States and many other countries are tested for _____ after birth.

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -hemochromatosis

Match each term with the appropriate definition. -nucleotide