Question 1

The filtrate in the proximal convoluted tubule of the human does not normally include

Accepted Answer

A)  ions. 
B)  glucose. 
C)  plasma proteins. 
D)  amino acids. 
E)  dissolved gasses. 
A)  ions. 
B)  glucose. 
C)  plasma proteins. 
D)  amino acids. 
E)  dissolved gasses.

Question 2

The osmolarity of human urine

Accepted Answer

A)  can be four times as great as normal osmolarity of human plasma. 
B)  is always exactly equal to plasma osmolarity. 
C)  is always less than plasma osmolarity. 
D)  is always greater than plasma osmolarity. 
E)  is determined primarily by the concentration of glucose. 
A)  can be four times as great as normal osmolarity of human plasma. 
B)  is always exactly equal to plasma osmolarity. 
C)  is always less than plasma osmolarity. 
D)  is always greater than plasma osmolarity. 
E)  is determined primarily by the concentration of glucose.

Question 3

Urea is produced in the

Accepted Answer

A)  liver from NH₃ and CO₂. 
B)  liver from glycogen. 
C)  kidneys from glucose. 
D)  kidneys from glycerol and fatty acids. 
E)  bladder from uric acid and H₂O. 
A)  liver from NH₃ and CO₂. 
B)  liver from glycogen. 
C)  kidneys from glucose. 
D)  kidneys from glycerol and fatty acids. 
E)  bladder from uric acid and H₂O.

Question 4

Use the following structural formulas to identify the following items.
  
-Which of the following is excreted readily by aquatic animals because of its high solubility in the respiratory medium?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 5

Many marine and freshwater bony fish achieve osmoregulation via

Accepted Answer

A)  loss of water through the gills. 
B)  gain of salt through the gills. 
C)  loss of water in the urine. 
D)  no drinking of water. 
E)  gain of water through food. 
A)  loss of water through the gills. 
B)  gain of salt through the gills. 
C)  loss of water in the urine. 
D)  no drinking of water. 
E)  gain of water through food.

Question 6

Natural selection should favor the highest proportion of juxtamedullary nephrons in which of the following species?

Accepted Answer

A)  a river otter 
B)  a mouse species living in a tropical rain forest 
C)  a mouse species living in a temperate broadleaf forest 
D)  a mouse species living in a desert 
E)  a beaver 
A)  a river otter 
B)  a mouse species living in a tropical rain forest 
C)  a mouse species living in a temperate broadleaf forest 
D)  a mouse species living in a desert 
E)  a beaver

Question 7

Use the following structural formulas to identify the following items.
  
-Which of the following is excreted as a paste by land snails, insects, birds, and many reptiles, because of its solubility and toxicity properties?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 8

Ammonia is likely to be the primary nitrogenous waste in living conditions that include

Accepted Answer

A)  lots of fresh water flowing across the gills of a fish. 
B)  lots of seawater, such as a bird living in a marine environment. 
C)  lots of seawater, such as a marine mammal (e.g., a polar bear). 
D)  a terrestrial environment, such as that supporting crickets. 
E)  a moist system of burrows, such as those of naked mole rats. 
A)  lots of fresh water flowing across the gills of a fish. 
B)  lots of seawater, such as a bird living in a marine environment. 
C)  lots of seawater, such as a marine mammal (e.g., a polar bear). 
D)  a terrestrial environment, such as that supporting crickets. 
E)  a moist system of burrows, such as those of naked mole rats.

Question 9

Which process in the nephron is least selective?

Accepted Answer

A)  filtration 
B)  reabsorption 
C)  active transport 
D)  secretion 
E)  salt pumping by the loop of Henle 
A)  filtration 
B)  reabsorption 
C)  active transport 
D)  secretion 
E)  salt pumping by the loop of Henle

Exam 44: Osmoregulation and Excretion

The filtrate in the proximal convoluted tubule of the human does not normally include

The osmolarity of human urine

Urea is produced in the

Use the following structural formulas to identify the following items. -Which of the following is excreted readily by aquatic animals because of its high solubility in the respiratory medium?

Many marine and freshwater bony fish achieve osmoregulation via

Natural selection should favor the highest proportion of juxtamedullary nephrons in which of the following species?

Use the following structural formulas to identify the following items. -Which of the following is excreted as a paste by land snails, insects, birds, and many reptiles, because of its solubility and toxicity properties?

Ammonia is likely to be the primary nitrogenous waste in living conditions that include

Which process in the nephron is least selective?

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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