Question 1

If a fern gametophyte is a hermaphrodite (that is, has both male and female gametangia on the same plant), then it

Accepted Answer

A)  belongs to a species that is homosporous. 
B)  must be diploid. 
C)  has lost the need for a sporophyte generation. 
D)  has antheridia and archegonia combined into a single sex organ. 
E)  is actually not a fern, because fern gametophytes are always either male or female. 
A)  belongs to a species that is homosporous. 
B)  must be diploid. 
C)  has lost the need for a sporophyte generation. 
D)  has antheridia and archegonia combined into a single sex organ. 
E)  is actually not a fern, because fern gametophytes are always either male or female.

Question 2

If the kingdom Plantae is someday expanded to include the charophytes, then the shared derived characteristics of the kingdom will include
1)rings of cellulose-synthesizing complexes.
2)chlorophylls a and b.
3)alternation of generations.
4)cell walls of cellulose.
5)ability to synthesize sporopollenin.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 5 
B)  1, 2, and 3 
C)  1, 3, and 5 
D)  1, 4, and 5 
E)  1, 2, 4, and 5 
A)  1 and 5 
B)  1, 2, and 3 
C)  1, 3, and 5 
D)  1, 4, and 5 
E)  1, 2, 4, and 5

Question 3

You are hiking in a forest and come upon a mysterious plant, which you determine is either a lycophyte sporophyte or a pterophyte sporophyte. Which of the following would be most helpful in determining the correct classification of the plant?

Accepted Answer

A)  whether or not it has true leaves 
B)  whether it has microphylls or megaphylls 
C)  whether or not it has seeds 
D)  its height 
E)  whether or not it has chlorophyll a 
A)  whether or not it has true leaves 
B)  whether it has microphylls or megaphylls 
C)  whether or not it has seeds 
D)  its height 
E)  whether or not it has chlorophyll a

Question 4

Microphylls are found in which plant group?

Accepted Answer

A)  mosses 
B)  liverworts 
C)  lycophytes 
D)  ferns 
E)  hornworts 
A)  mosses 
B)  liverworts 
C)  lycophytes 
D)  ferns 
E)  hornworts

Question 5

What is true of charophytes?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are the ancestors of green algae. 
B)  They are examples of seedless vascular plants. 
C)  They are the closest living algal relatives of land plants. 
D)  They share some features in common with land plants, namely spores surrounded by sporopollenin and alternation of generations. 
A)  They are the ancestors of green algae. 
B)  They are examples of seedless vascular plants. 
C)  They are the closest living algal relatives of land plants. 
D)  They share some features in common with land plants, namely spores surrounded by sporopollenin and alternation of generations.

Question 6

Which of the following should have had gene sequences most similar to the charophyte that was the common ancestor of the land plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  early angiosperms 
B)  early bryophytes 
C)  early gymnosperms 
D)  early lycophytes 
E)  early pterophytes 
A)  early angiosperms 
B)  early bryophytes 
C)  early gymnosperms 
D)  early lycophytes 
E)  early pterophytes

Question 7

Which of the following characteristics of plants is absent in their closest relatives, the charophyte algae?

Accepted Answer

A)  chlorophyll b 
B)  cellulose in cell walls 
C)  formation of a cell plate during cytokinesis 
D)  sexual reproduction 
E)  alternation of multicellular generations 
A)  chlorophyll b 
B)  cellulose in cell walls 
C)  formation of a cell plate during cytokinesis 
D)  sexual reproduction 
E)  alternation of multicellular generations

Question 8

The functional role of sporopollenin is primarily to

Accepted Answer

A)  comprise spore surface structures that catch the wind and assist in spore dispersal. 
B)  reduce dehydration. 
C)  make spores less dense and able to disperse more readily. 
D)  repel toxic chemicals. 
E)  provide nutrients to spores. 
A)  comprise spore surface structures that catch the wind and assist in spore dispersal. 
B)  reduce dehydration. 
C)  make spores less dense and able to disperse more readily. 
D)  repel toxic chemicals. 
E)  provide nutrients to spores.

Question 9

Structurally, phragmoplasts should be most similar to

Accepted Answer

A)  the nuclear lamina. 
B)  the myofilaments of muscle cells. 
C)  the internal support structures of microvilli. 
D)  the cytoskeletal elements that produce cytoplasmic streaming and amoeboid motion. 
E)  spindle fibers. 
A)  the nuclear lamina. 
B)  the myofilaments of muscle cells. 
C)  the internal support structures of microvilli. 
D)  the cytoskeletal elements that produce cytoplasmic streaming and amoeboid motion. 
E)  spindle fibers.

Question 10

Which of the following is true of the life cycle of mosses?

Accepted Answer

A)  The haploid generation grows on the sporophyte generation. 
B)  Spores are primarily distributed by water currents. 
C)  Antheridia and archegonia are produced by gametophytes. 
D)  The sporophyte generation is dominant. 
E)  The growing embryo gives rise to the gametophyte. 
A)  The haploid generation grows on the sporophyte generation. 
B)  Spores are primarily distributed by water currents. 
C)  Antheridia and archegonia are produced by gametophytes. 
D)  The sporophyte generation is dominant. 
E)  The growing embryo gives rise to the gametophyte.

Question 11

The 2-m height attainable by Polytrichum moss is at the upper end of the size range reached by mosses. What accounts for the relative tallness of Polytrichum?

Accepted Answer

A)  the cuticle that is found along the ridges of "leaves" 
B)  "leaves" that are more than one cell layer thick 
C)  high humidity of surrounding air which provides support against gravity 
D)  reduced size, mass, and persistence of the sporophytes which allows gametophores to grow taller 
E)  the presence of conducting tissues in the "stem" 
A)  the cuticle that is found along the ridges of "leaves" 
B)  "leaves" that are more than one cell layer thick 
C)  high humidity of surrounding air which provides support against gravity 
D)  reduced size, mass, and persistence of the sporophytes which allows gametophores to grow taller 
E)  the presence of conducting tissues in the "stem"

Question 12

Figure 29.3
-The resolution of the relationships indicated by dashed lines in Figure 29.3 will most probably come from

Accepted Answer

A)  more whole-genome analyses of extant (living) species. 
B)  more-detailed analyses of the morphologies of extant species. 
C)  the discovery of more fossils of extinct taxa from the time of seed-plant origins. 
D)  more-detailed analyses of the life cycles of extant species. 
E)  more molecular analyses of the types and structures of photosynthetic pigments present in extant species. 
A)  more whole-genome analyses of extant (living) species. 
B)  more-detailed analyses of the morphologies of extant species. 
C)  the discovery of more fossils of extinct taxa from the time of seed-plant origins. 
D)  more-detailed analyses of the life cycles of extant species. 
E)  more molecular analyses of the types and structures of photosynthetic pigments present in extant species.

Question 13

Which of the following characteristics helped seedless plants better adapt to life on land?

Accepted Answer

A)  a dominant gametophyte 
B)  photosystem II 
C)  a chitinous cuticle 
D)  stomata on leaves 
E)  an unbranched sporophyte 
A)  a dominant gametophyte 
B)  photosystem II 
C)  a chitinous cuticle 
D)  stomata on leaves 
E)  an unbranched sporophyte

Question 14

Of the following list, flagellated (swimming)sperm are generally present in which groups?
1)Lycophyta
2)Bryophyta
3)Angiosperms
4)Chlorophyta
5)Pterophyta

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2, and 3 
B)  1, 2, 4, and 5 
C)  1, 3, 4, and 5 
D)  2, 3, and 5 
E)  2, 3, 4, and 5 
A)  1, 2, and 3 
B)  1, 2, 4, and 5 
C)  1, 3, 4, and 5 
D)  2, 3, and 5 
E)  2, 3, 4, and 5

Question 15

On a field trip, a student in a marine biology class collects an organism that has differentiated organs, cell walls of cellulose, and chloroplasts with chlorophyll a. Based on this description, the organism could be a brown alga, a red alga, a green alga, a charophyte recently washed into the ocean from a freshwater or brackish water source, or a land plant washed into the ocean. The presence of which of the following features would definitively identify this organism as a land plant?

Accepted Answer

A)  alternation of generations 
B)  sporopollenin 
C)  rings of cellulose-synthesizing complexes 
D)  flagellated sperm 
E)  embryos 
A)  alternation of generations 
B)  sporopollenin 
C)  rings of cellulose-synthesizing complexes 
D)  flagellated sperm 
E)  embryos

Question 16

In animal cells and in the meristem cells of land plants, the nuclear envelope disintegrates during mitosis. This disintegration does not occur in the cells of most protists and fungi. According to our current knowledge of plant evolution, which group of organisms should feature mitosis most similar to that of land plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  unicellular green algae 
B)  cyanobacteria 
C)  charophytes 
D)  red algae 
E)  multicellular green algae 
A)  unicellular green algae 
B)  cyanobacteria 
C)  charophytes 
D)  red algae 
E)  multicellular green algae

Question 17

If humans had been present to build log structures during the Carboniferous period (they weren't), which plant types would have been suitable sources of logs?

Accepted Answer

A)  whisk ferns and epiphytes 
B)  horsetails and bryophytes 
C)  lycophytes and bryophytes 
D)  ferns, horsetails, and lycophytes 
E)  charophytes, bryophytes, and gymnosperms 
A)  whisk ferns and epiphytes 
B)  horsetails and bryophytes 
C)  lycophytes and bryophytes 
D)  ferns, horsetails, and lycophytes 
E)  charophytes, bryophytes, and gymnosperms

Question 18

If intelligent extraterrestrials visited Earth 475 million years ago, and then again 300 million years ago (at the close of the Carboniferous period), what trends would they have noticed in Earth's terrestrial vegetation over this period?
1)a trend from dominant gametophytes to dominant sporophytes
2)a trend from sporangia borne on modified leaves (sporophylls)to sporangia borne on stalks (seta)
3)a trend from no true leaves, to microphylls, to megaphylls
4)a trend from soil-surface-hugging plants to "overtopping" plants
5)a trend toward increased lignification of conducting systems

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 3 
B)  3, 4, and 5 
C)  1, 2, 4, and 5 
D)  1, 3, 4, and 5 
E)  2, 3, 4, and 5 
A)  1 and 3 
B)  3, 4, and 5 
C)  1, 2, 4, and 5 
D)  1, 3, 4, and 5 
E)  2, 3, 4, and 5

Question 19

The next few questions are based on the following description.
A biology student hiking in a forest happens upon an erect, 15-cm-tall plant that bears microphylls and a strobilus at its tallest point. When disturbed, the cone emits a dense cloud of brownish dust. A pocket magnifying glass reveals the dust to be composed of tiny spheres with a high oil content.
-This organism probably belongs to the same phylum as the

Accepted Answer

A)  ferns, horsetails, and whisk ferns. 
B)  club mosses, quillworts, and spike mosses. 
C)  mosses, hornworts, and liverworts. 
D)  conifers. 
E)  charophytes. 
A)  ferns, horsetails, and whisk ferns. 
B)  club mosses, quillworts, and spike mosses. 
C)  mosses, hornworts, and liverworts. 
D)  conifers. 
E)  charophytes.

Question 20

In which of the following taxa does the mature sporophyte depend completely on the gametophyte for nutrition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pterophyta 
B)  Bryophyta 
C)  horsetail (Equisetum) 
D)  Pterophyta, Bryophyta, and horsetail (Equisetum) 
E)  Pterophyta and Bryophyta 
A)  Pterophyta 
B)  Bryophyta 
C)  horsetail (Equisetum) 
D)  Pterophyta, Bryophyta, and horsetail (Equisetum) 
E)  Pterophyta and Bryophyta

Exam 29: Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

If a fern gametophyte is a hermaphrodite (that is, has both male and female gametangia on the same plant), then it

You are hiking in a forest and come upon a mysterious plant, which you determine is either a lycophyte sporophyte or a pterophyte sporophyte. Which of the following would be most helpful in determining the correct classification of the plant?

Microphylls are found in which plant group?

What is true of charophytes?

Which of the following should have had gene sequences most similar to the charophyte that was the common ancestor of the land plants?

Which of the following characteristics of plants is absent in their closest relatives, the charophyte algae?

The functional role of sporopollenin is primarily to

Structurally, phragmoplasts should be most similar to

Which of the following is true of the life cycle of mosses?

The 2-m height attainable by Polytrichum moss is at the upper end of the size range reached by mosses. What accounts for the relative tallness of Polytrichum?

Figure 29.3 -The resolution of the relationships indicated by dashed lines in Figure 29.3 will most probably come from

Which of the following characteristics helped seedless plants better adapt to life on land?

Of the following list, flagellated (swimming)sperm are generally present in which groups? 1)Lycophyta 2)Bryophyta 3)Angiosperms 4)Chlorophyta 5)Pterophyta

If humans had been present to build log structures during the Carboniferous period (they weren't), which plant types would have been suitable sources of logs?

In which of the following taxa does the mature sporophyte depend completely on the gametophyte for nutrition?

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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