Question 1

All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA. 
B)  a cell wall. 
C)  a plasma membrane. 
D)  ribosomes. 
E)  an endoplasmic reticulum. 
A)  DNA. 
B)  a cell wall. 
C)  a plasma membrane. 
D)  ribosomes. 
E)  an endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 2

Green fluorescent protein (GFP)can be used to fluorescently label a specific protein in cells by genetically engineering cells to synthesize the target protein fused to GFP. What is the advantage of using GFP fusions to visualize specific proteins, instead of staining cells with fluorescently labeled probes that bind to the target protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  GFP fusions enable one to track changes in the location of the protein in living cells; staining usually requires preserved cells. 
B)  GFP fusions enable higher resolution than staining with fluorescent probes. 
C)  GFP permits the position of the protein in the cell more precisely than fluorescent probes. 
D)  GFP permits visualization of protein-protein interactions; fluorescent probes do not. 
E)  GFP fusions are not subject to artifacts; fluorescent probes may introduce background artifacts. 
A)  GFP fusions enable one to track changes in the location of the protein in living cells; staining usually requires preserved cells. 
B)  GFP fusions enable higher resolution than staining with fluorescent probes. 
C)  GFP permits the position of the protein in the cell more precisely than fluorescent probes. 
D)  GFP permits visualization of protein-protein interactions; fluorescent probes do not. 
E)  GFP fusions are not subject to artifacts; fluorescent probes may introduce background artifacts.

Question 3

Which structure-function pair is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleolus; production of ribosomal subunits 
B)  lysosome; intracellular digestion 
C)  ribosome; protein synthesis 
D)  Golgi; protein trafficking 
E)  microtubule; muscle contraction 
A)  nucleolus; production of ribosomal subunits 
B)  lysosome; intracellular digestion 
C)  ribosome; protein synthesis 
D)  Golgi; protein trafficking 
E)  microtubule; muscle contraction

Question 4

Which of the following statements concerning bacteria and archaea cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Archaea cells contain small membrane-enclosed organelles; bacteria do not. 
B)  Archaea cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus; bacteria do not. 
C)  DNA is present in both archaea cells and bacteria cells. 
D)  DNA is present in the mitochondria of both bacteria and archaea cells. 
A)  Archaea cells contain small membrane-enclosed organelles; bacteria do not. 
B)  Archaea cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus; bacteria do not. 
C)  DNA is present in both archaea cells and bacteria cells. 
D)  DNA is present in the mitochondria of both bacteria and archaea cells.

Question 5

A mycoplasma is an organism with a diameter between 0.1 and 1.0 µm. What does the organism's size tell you about how it might be classified?

Accepted Answer

A)  It must be a single-celled protist. 
B)  It must be a single-celled fungus. 
C)  It could be almost any typical bacterium. 
D)  It could be a typical virus. 
E)  It could be a very small bacterium. 
A)  It must be a single-celled protist. 
B)  It must be a single-celled fungus. 
C)  It could be almost any typical bacterium. 
D)  It could be a typical virus. 
E)  It could be a very small bacterium.

Question 6

The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved

Accepted Answer

A)  endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a larger host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria. 
B)  anaerobic archaea taking up residence inside a larger bacterial host cell to escape toxic oxygen-the anaerobic bacterium evolved into chloroplasts. 
C)  an endosymbiotic fungal cell evolved into the nucleus. 
D)  acquisition of an endomembrane system, and subsequent evolution of mitochondria from a portion of the Golgi. 
A)  endosymbiosis of an aerobic bacterium in a larger host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria. 
B)  anaerobic archaea taking up residence inside a larger bacterial host cell to escape toxic oxygen-the anaerobic bacterium evolved into chloroplasts. 
C)  an endosymbiotic fungal cell evolved into the nucleus. 
D)  acquisition of an endomembrane system, and subsequent evolution of mitochondria from a portion of the Golgi.

Question 7

-The differences among the three categories of cytoskeletal elements outlined in the table above would suggest that each of the following has specialized roles. Which of the following is a correct match? (All three elements are involved in the maintenance of cell shape.)

Accepted Answer

A)  microfilaments and the nuclear lamina 
B)  microtubules and cleavage furrow formation 
C)  microfilaments and ciliary motion 
D)  intermediate filaments and cytoplasmic streaming 
E)  microtubules and chromosome movement 
A)  microfilaments and the nuclear lamina 
B)  microtubules and cleavage furrow formation 
C)  microfilaments and ciliary motion 
D)  intermediate filaments and cytoplasmic streaming 
E)  microtubules and chromosome movement

Question 8

Which organelle or structure is absent in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondria 
B)  Golgi vesicles 
C)  microtubules 
D)  centrosomes 
E)  peroxisomes 
A)  mitochondria 
B)  Golgi vesicles 
C)  microtubules 
D)  centrosomes 
E)  peroxisomes

Question 9

A mutation that disrupts the ability of an animal cell to add polysaccharide modifications to proteins would most likely cause defects in its

Accepted Answer

A)  nuclear lamina and nuclear matrix. 
B)  nuclear matrix and extracellular matrix. 
C)  mitochondria and Golgi apparatus. 
D)  Golgi apparatus and extracellular matrix. 
E)  nuclear pores and secretory vesicles. 
A)  nuclear lamina and nuclear matrix. 
B)  nuclear matrix and extracellular matrix. 
C)  mitochondria and Golgi apparatus. 
D)  Golgi apparatus and extracellular matrix. 
E)  nuclear pores and secretory vesicles.

Question 10

The extracellular matrix is thought to participate in the regulation of animal cell behavior by communicating information from the outside to the inside of the cell via which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  gap junctions 
B)  the nucleus 
C)  DNA and RNA 
D)  integrins 
E)  plasmodesmata 
A)  gap junctions 
B)  the nucleus 
C)  DNA and RNA 
D)  integrins 
E)  plasmodesmata

Question 11

Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  chloroplast 
B)  wall made of cellulose 
C)  central vacuole 
D)  mitochondrion 
E)  centriole 
A)  chloroplast 
B)  wall made of cellulose 
C)  central vacuole 
D)  mitochondrion 
E)  centriole

Question 12

How does the cell multiply its peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  They bud off from the Golgi. 
B)  They are brought into the cell from the environment. 
C)  They are built de novo from cytosol materials. 
D)  They split in two after they become sufficiently large. 
E)  The cell synthesizes hydrogen peroxide and encloses it in a membrane. 
A)  They bud off from the Golgi. 
B)  They are brought into the cell from the environment. 
C)  They are built de novo from cytosol materials. 
D)  They split in two after they become sufficiently large. 
E)  The cell synthesizes hydrogen peroxide and encloses it in a membrane.

Question 13

The nuclear lamina is an array of filaments on the inner side of the nuclear membrane. If a method were found that could cause the lamina to fall into disarray, what would you expect to be the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

A)  the loss of all nuclear function 
B)  the inability of the nucleus to divide during cell division 
C)  a change in the shape of the nucleus 
D)  failure of chromosomes to carry genetic information 
E)  inability of the nucleus to keep out destructive chemicals 
A)  the loss of all nuclear function 
B)  the inability of the nucleus to divide during cell division 
C)  a change in the shape of the nucleus 
D)  failure of chromosomes to carry genetic information 
E)  inability of the nucleus to keep out destructive chemicals

Question 14

A cell with a predominance of free ribosomes is most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  producing primarily proteins for secretion. 
B)  producing primarily cytoplasmic proteins. 
C)  constructing an extensive cell wall or extracellular matrix. 
D)  digesting large food particles. 
E)  enlarging its vacuole. 
A)  producing primarily proteins for secretion. 
B)  producing primarily cytoplasmic proteins. 
C)  constructing an extensive cell wall or extracellular matrix. 
D)  digesting large food particles. 
E)  enlarging its vacuole.

Question 15

Thylakoids, DNA, and ribosomes are all components found in

Accepted Answer

A)  vacuoles. 
B)  chloroplasts. 
C)  mitochondria. 
D)  lysosomes. 
E)  nuclei. 
A)  vacuoles. 
B)  chloroplasts. 
C)  mitochondria. 
D)  lysosomes. 
E)  nuclei.

Question 16

The difference in lipid and protein composition between the membranes of the endomembrane system is largely determined by

Accepted Answer

A)  the physical separation of most membranes from each other. 
B)  the transportation of membrane lipids among the endomembrane system by small membrane vesicles. 
C)  the function of the Golgi apparatus in sorting and directing membrane components. 
D)  the modification of the membrane components once they reach their final destination. 
E)  the synthesis of different lipids and proteins in each of the organelles of the endomembrane system. 
A)  the physical separation of most membranes from each other. 
B)  the transportation of membrane lipids among the endomembrane system by small membrane vesicles. 
C)  the function of the Golgi apparatus in sorting and directing membrane components. 
D)  the modification of the membrane components once they reach their final destination. 
E)  the synthesis of different lipids and proteins in each of the organelles of the endomembrane system.

Question 17

A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from

Accepted Answer

A)  a bacterium. 
B)  an animal, but not a plant. 
C)  nearly any eukaryotic organism. 
D)  any multicellular organism, like a plant or an animal. 
E)  any kind of organism. 
A)  a bacterium. 
B)  an animal, but not a plant. 
C)  nearly any eukaryotic organism. 
D)  any multicellular organism, like a plant or an animal. 
E)  any kind of organism.

Question 18

All of the following serve an important role in determining or maintaining the structure of plant cells. Which of the following are distinct from the others in their composition?

Accepted Answer

A)  microtubules 
B)  microfilaments 
C)  plant cell walls 
D)  intermediate filaments 
E)  nuclear lamina 
A)  microtubules 
B)  microfilaments 
C)  plant cell walls 
D)  intermediate filaments 
E)  nuclear lamina

Question 19

The volume enclosed by the plasma membrane of plant cells is often much larger than the corresponding volume in animal cells. The most reasonable explanation for this observation is that

Accepted Answer

A)  plant cells are capable of having a much higher surface-to-volume ratio than animal cells. 
B)  plant cells have a much more highly convoluted (folded) plasma membrane than animal cells. 
C)  plant cells contain a large vacuole that reduces the volume of the cytoplasm. 
D)  animal cells are more spherical, whereas plant cells are elongated. 
E)  plant cells can have lower surface-to-volume ratios than animal cells because plant cells synthesize their own nutrients. 
A)  plant cells are capable of having a much higher surface-to-volume ratio than animal cells. 
B)  plant cells have a much more highly convoluted (folded) plasma membrane than animal cells. 
C)  plant cells contain a large vacuole that reduces the volume of the cytoplasm. 
D)  animal cells are more spherical, whereas plant cells are elongated. 
E)  plant cells can have lower surface-to-volume ratios than animal cells because plant cells synthesize their own nutrients.

Question 20

If radioactive deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP)is added to a culture of rapidly growing bacterial cells, where in the cell would you expect to find the greatest concentration of radioactivity?

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleus 
B)  cytoplasm 
C)  endoplasmic reticulum 
D)  nucleoid 
E)  ribosomes 
A)  nucleus 
B)  cytoplasm 
C)  endoplasmic reticulum 
D)  nucleoid 
E)  ribosomes

Exam 6: A Tour of the Cell

All of the following are part of a prokaryotic cell except

Which structure-function pair is mismatched?

Which of the following statements concerning bacteria and archaea cells is correct?

A mycoplasma is an organism with a diameter between 0.1 and 1.0 µm. What does the organism's size tell you about how it might be classified?

The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved

-The differences among the three categories of cytoskeletal elements outlined in the table above would suggest that each of the following has specialized roles. Which of the following is a correct match? (All three elements are involved in the maintenance of cell shape.)

Which organelle or structure is absent in plant cells?

A mutation that disrupts the ability of an animal cell to add polysaccharide modifications to proteins would most likely cause defects in its

The extracellular matrix is thought to participate in the regulation of animal cell behavior by communicating information from the outside to the inside of the cell via which of the following?

Which structure is common to plant and animal cells?

How does the cell multiply its peroxisomes?

The nuclear lamina is an array of filaments on the inner side of the nuclear membrane. If a method were found that could cause the lamina to fall into disarray, what would you expect to be the most likely consequence?

A cell with a predominance of free ribosomes is most likely

Thylakoids, DNA, and ribosomes are all components found in

The difference in lipid and protein composition between the membranes of the endomembrane system is largely determined by

A cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from

All of the following serve an important role in determining or maintaining the structure of plant cells. Which of the following are distinct from the others in their composition?

The volume enclosed by the plasma membrane of plant cells is often much larger than the corresponding volume in animal cells. The most reasonable explanation for this observation is that

If radioactive deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP)is added to a culture of rapidly growing bacterial cells, where in the cell would you expect to find the greatest concentration of radioactivity?

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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