Question 1

The advantage of light microscopy over electron microscopy is that

Accepted Answer

A)  light microscopy provides for higher magnification than electron microscopy. 
B)  light microscopy provides for higher resolving power than electron microscopy. 
C)  light microscopy allows one to view dynamic processes in living cells. 
D)  light microscopy provides higher contrast than electron microscopy. 
E)  specimen preparation for light microcopy does not produce artifacts. 
A)  light microscopy provides for higher magnification than electron microscopy. 
B)  light microscopy provides for higher resolving power than electron microscopy. 
C)  light microscopy allows one to view dynamic processes in living cells. 
D)  light microscopy provides higher contrast than electron microscopy. 
E)  specimen preparation for light microcopy does not produce artifacts.

Question 2

Which animal cell organelle contains enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen?

Accepted Answer

A)  lysosome 
B)  vacuole 
C)  mitochondrion 
D)  Golgi apparatus 
E)  peroxisome 
A)  lysosome 
B)  vacuole 
C)  mitochondrion 
D)  Golgi apparatus 
E)  peroxisome

Question 3

In a liver cell detoxifying alcohol and some other poisons, the enzymes of the peroxisome remove hydrogen from these molecules and

Accepted Answer

A)  combine the hydrogen with water molecules to generate hydrogen peroxide. 
B)  use the hydrogen to break down hydrogen peroxide. 
C)  transfer the hydrogen to the mitochondria. 
D)  transfer the hydrogen to oxygen molecules to generate hydrogen peroxide. 
A)  combine the hydrogen with water molecules to generate hydrogen peroxide. 
B)  use the hydrogen to break down hydrogen peroxide. 
C)  transfer the hydrogen to the mitochondria. 
D)  transfer the hydrogen to oxygen molecules to generate hydrogen peroxide.

Question 4

In the fractionation of homogenized cells using centrifugation, the primary factor that determines whether a specific cellular component ends up in the supernatant or the pellet is

Accepted Answer

A)  the relative solubility of the component. 
B)  the size and weight of the component. 
C)  the percentage of carbohydrates in the component. 
D)  the presence or absence of nucleic acids in the component. 
E)  the presence or absence of lipids in the component. 
A)  the relative solubility of the component. 
B)  the size and weight of the component. 
C)  the percentage of carbohydrates in the component. 
D)  the presence or absence of nucleic acids in the component. 
E)  the presence or absence of lipids in the component.

Question 5

Which of the following makes it necessary for animal cells, although they have no cell walls, to have intercellular junctions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cell membranes do not distinguish the types of ions and molecules passing through them. 
B)  Large molecules, such as proteins and RNA molecules, do not readily get through one, much less two, adjacent cell membranes. 
C)  Cell-to-cell communication requires physical attachment of one cell to another. 
D)  Maintenance of tissue integrity and barriers to fluid leakage requires cells to adhere tightly to one another. 
E)  The relative shapelessness of animal cells requires a mechanism for keeping the cells aligned. 
A)  Cell membranes do not distinguish the types of ions and molecules passing through them. 
B)  Large molecules, such as proteins and RNA molecules, do not readily get through one, much less two, adjacent cell membranes. 
C)  Cell-to-cell communication requires physical attachment of one cell to another. 
D)  Maintenance of tissue integrity and barriers to fluid leakage requires cells to adhere tightly to one another. 
E)  The relative shapelessness of animal cells requires a mechanism for keeping the cells aligned.

Question 6

Why isn't the mitochondrion classified as part of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a static structure. 
B)  Its structure is not derived from the ER or Golgi. 
C)  It has too many vesicles. 
D)  It is not involved in protein synthesis. 
E)  It is not attached to the outer nuclear envelope. 
A)  It is a static structure. 
B)  Its structure is not derived from the ER or Golgi. 
C)  It has too many vesicles. 
D)  It is not involved in protein synthesis. 
E)  It is not attached to the outer nuclear envelope.

Question 7

If an individual has abnormal microtubules, due to a hereditary condition, in which organs or tissues would you expect dysfunction?

Accepted Answer

A)  limbs, hearts, areas with a good deal of contraction 
B)  microvilli, alveoli, and glomeruli: cellular projections that increase surface area 
C)  all ducts, such as those from salivary or sebaceous glands, that transport fluids 
D)  sperm, larynx, and trachea: cells and tissues that contain flagella or cilia 
E)  phagocytic cells and white blood cells that exhibit amoeboid movement 
A)  limbs, hearts, areas with a good deal of contraction 
B)  microvilli, alveoli, and glomeruli: cellular projections that increase surface area 
C)  all ducts, such as those from salivary or sebaceous glands, that transport fluids 
D)  sperm, larynx, and trachea: cells and tissues that contain flagella or cilia 
E)  phagocytic cells and white blood cells that exhibit amoeboid movement

Question 8

Recent evidence shows that when chromosomes decondense during interphase, their DNA molecules do not intermingle. Instead, they occupy distinct territories within the nucleus. Considering the structure and location of the following structures, which is most likely to be involved in chromosome location?

Accepted Answer

A)  nuclear pores 
B)  the nucleolus 
C)  microfilaments 
D)  the nuclear lamina 
E)  the nuclear matrix 
A)  nuclear pores 
B)  the nucleolus 
C)  microfilaments 
D)  the nuclear lamina 
E)  the nuclear matrix

Question 9

The fact that the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope has bound ribosomes allows one to most reliably conclude that

Accepted Answer

A)  at least some of the proteins that function in the nuclear envelope are made by the ribosomes on the nuclear envelope. 
B)  the nuclear envelope is not part of the endomembrane system. 
C)  the nuclear envelope is physically separated from the endoplasmic reticulum. 
D)  small vesicles from the Golgi fuse with the nuclear envelope. 
E)  nuclear pore complexes contain proteins. 
A)  at least some of the proteins that function in the nuclear envelope are made by the ribosomes on the nuclear envelope. 
B)  the nuclear envelope is not part of the endomembrane system. 
C)  the nuclear envelope is physically separated from the endoplasmic reticulum. 
D)  small vesicles from the Golgi fuse with the nuclear envelope. 
E)  nuclear pore complexes contain proteins.

Question 10

Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  rough ER 
B)  lysosomes 
C)  plasmodesmata 
D)  Golgi vesicles 
E)  free cytoplasmic ribosomes 
A)  rough ER 
B)  lysosomes 
C)  plasmodesmata 
D)  Golgi vesicles 
E)  free cytoplasmic ribosomes

Question 11

Vinblastine, a drug that inhibits microtubule polymerization, is used to treat some forms of cancer. Cancer cells given vinblastine would be unable to

Accepted Answer

A)  form cleavage furrows during cell division. 
B)  migrate by amoeboid movement. 
C)  separate chromosomes during cell division. 
D)  extend pseudopods. 
E)  maintain the shape of the nucleus. 
A)  form cleavage furrows during cell division. 
B)  migrate by amoeboid movement. 
C)  separate chromosomes during cell division. 
D)  extend pseudopods. 
E)  maintain the shape of the nucleus.

Question 12

The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and therefore abundant in liver cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  rough ER 
B)  smooth ER 
C)  Golgi apparatus 
D)  nuclear envelope 
E)  transport vesicles 
A)  rough ER 
B)  smooth ER 
C)  Golgi apparatus 
D)  nuclear envelope 
E)  transport vesicles

Question 13

A newspaper ad for a local toy store indicates that a very inexpensive microscope available for a small child is able to magnify specimens nearly as much as the much more costly microscope available in your college lab. What is the primary reason for the price difference?

Accepted Answer

A)  The ad agency is misrepresenting the ability of the toy microscope to magnify. 
B)  The toy microscope does not have the same fine control for focus of the specimen. 
C)  The toy microscope magnifies a good deal, but has low resolution and therefore poor quality images. 
D)  The college microscope produces greater contrast in the specimens. 
E)  The toy microscope usually uses a different wavelength of light source. 
A)  The ad agency is misrepresenting the ability of the toy microscope to magnify. 
B)  The toy microscope does not have the same fine control for focus of the specimen. 
C)  The toy microscope magnifies a good deal, but has low resolution and therefore poor quality images. 
D)  The college microscope produces greater contrast in the specimens. 
E)  The toy microscope usually uses a different wavelength of light source.

Question 14

A biologist ground up some plant leaf cells and then centrifuged the mixture to fractionate the organelles. Organelles in one of the heavier fractions could produce ATP in the light, whereas organelles in the lighter fraction could produce ATP in the dark. The heavier and lighter fractions are most likely to contain, respectively,

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondria and chloroplasts. 
B)  chloroplasts and peroxisomes. 
C)  peroxisomes and chloroplasts. 
D)  chloroplasts and mitochondria. 
E)  mitochondria and peroxisomes. 
A)  mitochondria and chloroplasts. 
B)  chloroplasts and peroxisomes. 
C)  peroxisomes and chloroplasts. 
D)  chloroplasts and mitochondria. 
E)  mitochondria and peroxisomes.

Question 15

Which plant cell organelle contains its own DNA and ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  glyoxysome 
B)  vacuole 
C)  mitochondrion 
D)  Golgi apparatus 
E)  peroxisome 
A)  glyoxysome 
B)  vacuole 
C)  mitochondrion 
D)  Golgi apparatus 
E)  peroxisome

Question 16

Which structure is not part of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

A)  nuclear envelope 
B)  chloroplast 
C)  Golgi apparatus 
D)  plasma membrane 
E)  ER 
A)  nuclear envelope 
B)  chloroplast 
C)  Golgi apparatus 
D)  plasma membrane 
E)  ER

Question 17

Signals between the ECM and the cytoskeleton may be transmitted by

Accepted Answer

A)  fibronectin. 
B)  proteoglycans. 
C)  integrins. 
D)  collagen. 
E)  middle lamella. 
A)  fibronectin. 
B)  proteoglycans. 
C)  integrins. 
D)  collagen. 
E)  middle lamella.

Question 18

When a potassium ion (K+)moves from the soil into the vacuole of a cell on the surface of a root, it must pass through several cellular structures. Which of the following correctly describes the order in which these structures will be encountered by the ion?

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma membrane → primary cell wall → cytoplasm → vacuole 
B)  secondary cell wall → plasma membrane → primary cell wall → cytoplasm → vacuole 
C)  primary cell wall → plasma membrane → cytoplasm → vacuole 
D)  primary cell wall → plasma membrane → lysosome → cytoplasm → vacuole 
E)  primary cell wall → plasma membrane → cytoplasm → secondary cell wall → vacuole 
A)  plasma membrane → primary cell wall → cytoplasm → vacuole 
B)  secondary cell wall → plasma membrane → primary cell wall → cytoplasm → vacuole 
C)  primary cell wall → plasma membrane → cytoplasm → vacuole 
D)  primary cell wall → plasma membrane → lysosome → cytoplasm → vacuole 
E)  primary cell wall → plasma membrane → cytoplasm → secondary cell wall → vacuole

Question 19

Which cell would be best for studying lyosomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle cell 
B)  nerve cell 
C)  phagocytic white blood cell 
D)  leaf cell of a plant 
E)  bacterial cell 
A)  muscle cell 
B)  nerve cell 
C)  phagocytic white blood cell 
D)  leaf cell of a plant 
E)  bacterial cell

Question 20

The smallest cell structure that would most likely be visible with a standard (not super-resolution)research-grade light microscope is

Accepted Answer

A)  a mitochondrion. 
B)  a microtubule. 
C)  a ribosome. 
D)  a microfilament. 
E)  a nuclear pore. 
A)  a mitochondrion. 
B)  a microtubule. 
C)  a ribosome. 
D)  a microfilament. 
E)  a nuclear pore.

Exam 6: A Tour of the Cell

The advantage of light microscopy over electron microscopy is that

Which animal cell organelle contains enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen?

In a liver cell detoxifying alcohol and some other poisons, the enzymes of the peroxisome remove hydrogen from these molecules and

In the fractionation of homogenized cells using centrifugation, the primary factor that determines whether a specific cellular component ends up in the supernatant or the pellet is

Which of the following makes it necessary for animal cells, although they have no cell walls, to have intercellular junctions?

Why isn't the mitochondrion classified as part of the endomembrane system?

If an individual has abnormal microtubules, due to a hereditary condition, in which organs or tissues would you expect dysfunction?

The fact that the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope has bound ribosomes allows one to most reliably conclude that

Which structure is the site of the synthesis of proteins that may be exported from the cell?

Vinblastine, a drug that inhibits microtubule polymerization, is used to treat some forms of cancer. Cancer cells given vinblastine would be unable to

The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and therefore abundant in liver cells?

A newspaper ad for a local toy store indicates that a very inexpensive microscope available for a small child is able to magnify specimens nearly as much as the much more costly microscope available in your college lab. What is the primary reason for the price difference?

Which plant cell organelle contains its own DNA and ribosomes?

Which structure is not part of the endomembrane system?

Signals between the ECM and the cytoskeleton may be transmitted by

When a potassium ion (K+)moves from the soil into the vacuole of a cell on the surface of a root, it must pass through several cellular structures. Which of the following correctly describes the order in which these structures will be encountered by the ion?

Which cell would be best for studying lyosomes?

The smallest cell structure that would most likely be visible with a standard (not super-resolution)research-grade light microscope is

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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