Question 1

Why would much larger satellite DNAs be unlikely to form satellites in density gradients?

Accepted Answer

A) Larger satellites are less likely to have a base composition similar to that of the bulk of the genome. 
B) Larger satellites have higher molecular weights than the bulk of the genome. 
C) Larger satellites will have the same molecular weight as the bulk of the genome. 
D) Larger satellites are more likely to have a base composition similar to that of the bulk of the genome. 
E) Larger satellites have the same charge as the bulk of the genome. 
A) Larger satellites are less likely to have a base composition similar to that of the bulk of the genome. 
B) Larger satellites have higher molecular weights than the bulk of the genome. 
C) Larger satellites will have the same molecular weight as the bulk of the genome. 
D) Larger satellites are more likely to have a base composition similar to that of the bulk of the genome. 
E) Larger satellites have the same charge as the bulk of the genome.

Question 2

How is a cluster of tandemly repeated segments generated at a localized site within a chromosome?

Accepted Answer

A) by a single duplication event 
B) by multiple vaporizations 
C) by repeated duplication of a particular sequence over a number of generations 
D) by a single inversion event 
E) by a single deletion even 
A) by a single duplication event 
B) by multiple vaporizations 
C) by repeated duplication of a particular sequence over a number of generations 
D) by a single inversion event 
E) by a single deletion even

Question 3

What function does topoisomerase II serve in preparation for mitosis?

Accepted Answer

A) It pulls the chromosomes apart in association with the spindle. 
B) It organizes the spindle. 
C) It disentangles DNA molecules. 
D) It moves genes from place to place. 
E) It lengthens chromosomes at the end of mitosis. 
A) It pulls the chromosomes apart in association with the spindle. 
B) It organizes the spindle. 
C) It disentangles DNA molecules. 
D) It moves genes from place to place. 
E) It lengthens chromosomes at the end of mitosis.

Question 4

What appears to be the reason for the production of the large Drosophila larvae salivary gland cells?

Accepted Answer

A) to allow less gene expression 
B) to maintain low level gene expression 
C) to maintain high secretory activity 
D) to allow the cells to take up more space 
E) to digest larger amounts of phagocytic material 
A) to allow less gene expression 
B) to maintain low level gene expression 
C) to maintain high secretory activity 
D) to allow the cells to take up more space 
E) to digest larger amounts of phagocytic material

Question 5

Conserved portions of mammalian genomes are assumed to be _________.

Accepted Answer

A) repeated 
B) important 
C) unimportant 
D) long 
E) extraordinary 
A) repeated 
B) important 
C) unimportant 
D) long 
E) extraordinary

Question 6

Approximately what percentage of the human genome codes for amino acids in proteins?

Accepted Answer

A) 15% 
B) 23% 
C) 1.5% 
D) 7.5% 
E) 70% 
A) 15% 
B) 23% 
C) 1.5% 
D) 7.5% 
E) 70%

Question 7

What would happen if meiosis did not include a reduction division?

Accepted Answer

A) The number of chromosomes in a species would remain the same with each generation. 
B) The number of chromosomes in a species would double with each generation. 
C) The number of chromosomes in a species would halve with each generation. 
D) The number of chromosomes in a species would quadruple with each generation. 
E) Chromosomes would shrink prior to each cell division. 
A) The number of chromosomes in a species would remain the same with each generation. 
B) The number of chromosomes in a species would double with each generation. 
C) The number of chromosomes in a species would halve with each generation. 
D) The number of chromosomes in a species would quadruple with each generation. 
E) Chromosomes would shrink prior to each cell division.

Question 8

Susumu Ohno proposed that the evolution of vertebrates from a much simpler invertebrate ancestor was made possible by two separate rounds of whole-genome duplication during an early evolutionary period. How was it proposed that the whole-gene duplication led to the encoding of the more complex vertebrate body?

Accepted Answer

A) The extra genes immediately resulted in a bigger body. 
B) The many extra genes generated by genetic duplication can be molded over time into new genes needed to encode the complex vertebrate body. 
C) The genes could rapidly combine to make new structures. 
D) The gene duplication makes the nucleus bigger and makes the cell more versatile. 
E) The duplication of the chromosomes leads to new cytoplasmic structures in the first generation. 
A) The extra genes immediately resulted in a bigger body. 
B) The many extra genes generated by genetic duplication can be molded over time into new genes needed to encode the complex vertebrate body. 
C) The genes could rapidly combine to make new structures. 
D) The gene duplication makes the nucleus bigger and makes the cell more versatile. 
E) The duplication of the chromosomes leads to new cytoplasmic structures in the first generation.

Question 9

The bonds that hold DNA and RNA backbones together are known as __________.

Accepted Answer

A) 3'-4'-phosphodiester linkages 
B) 3'-5'-phosphodiester linkages 
C) phosphate ethers 
D) 1,4-glycosidic linkages 
E) peptide bonds 
A) 3'-4'-phosphodiester linkages 
B) 3'-5'-phosphodiester linkages 
C) phosphate ethers 
D) 1,4-glycosidic linkages 
E) peptide bonds

Question 10

What word below most accurately describes transposable elements?

Accepted Answer

A) stable 
B) offspring 
C) helpers 
D) genetic scrap yard 
E) genetic symbionts 
A) stable 
B) offspring 
C) helpers 
D) genetic scrap yard 
E) genetic symbionts

Question 11

When both a dominant and recessive allele for a particular gene are present together in the same plant, _________.

Accepted Answer

A) the recessive allele is always expressed 
B) the dominant allele is expressed some of the time 
C) the dominant allele is always expressed 
D) the dominant allele is masked by the recessive allele 
A) the recessive allele is always expressed 
B) the dominant allele is expressed some of the time 
C) the dominant allele is always expressed 
D) the dominant allele is masked by the recessive allele

Question 12

Which type of DNA sequence in the genome is interspersed and probably arose by transposition of mobile genetic elements?

Accepted Answer

A) satellite DNA 
B) microsatellite DNA 
C) minisatellite DNA 
D) moderately repeated DNA sequences 
E) unique sequence DNA 
A) satellite DNA 
B) microsatellite DNA 
C) minisatellite DNA 
D) moderately repeated DNA sequences 
E) unique sequence DNA

Question 13

Hemoglobin molecules analyzed at various times during an animal's life seem to be highly variable. What is the explanation for this?

Accepted Answer

A) Contaminants at various points in an organism's life cause the variation in data. 
B) Hemoglobin denatures when isolated from older embryos. 
C) The combinations of $\alpha$-family and $\beta$-family globin polypeptides differ with developmental stage. 
D) Hemoglobins are chemically altered as they age. 
E) Hemoglobins bind copper ions instead of iron ions. 
A) Contaminants at various points in an organism's life cause the variation in data. 
B) Hemoglobin denatures when isolated from older embryos. 
C) The combinations of $\alpha$-family and $\beta$-family globin polypeptides differ with developmental stage. 
D) Hemoglobins are chemically altered as they age. 
E) Hemoglobins bind copper ions instead of iron ions.

Question 14

Transposase is an enzyme that __________.

Accepted Answer

A) degrades transposons 
B) builds transposons 
C) catalyzes transposon excision from a donor DNA site and its subsequent insertion at a target DNA site 
D) degrades target DNA 
E) rearranges transposon DNA 
A) degrades transposons 
B) builds transposons 
C) catalyzes transposon excision from a donor DNA site and its subsequent insertion at a target DNA site 
D) degrades target DNA 
E) rearranges transposon DNA

Question 15

When we compare the DNA of the human and chimpanzee, it is seen that the genomes differ by about __________ percent.

Accepted Answer

A) 0.1 
B) 0.4 
C) 1 
D) 4 
E) 10 
A) 0.1 
B) 0.4 
C) 1 
D) 4 
E) 10

Question 16

The ends of a polynucleotide chain are the ____ end and the ____ end.

Accepted Answer

A) 5', N-terminal 
B) 3', 4' 
C) 3', 5' 
D) N-terminal, C-terminal 
E) 3', C-terminal 
A) 5', N-terminal 
B) 3', 4' 
C) 3', 5' 
D) N-terminal, C-terminal 
E) 3', C-terminal

Question 17

In humans, the genome is essentially equivalent to all of the genetic information that is present in a ______ set of chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

A) triploid 
B) double 
C) haploid 
D) diploid 
E) polyploid 
A) triploid 
B) double 
C) haploid 
D) diploid 
E) polyploid

Question 18

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs)have allowed researchers to identify genes or non-coding sites for which certain variants lead to increased risk of _______________.

Accepted Answer

A) Type 1 diabetes 
B) Type 2 diabetes 
C) Crohn's disease 
D) cancer 
E) all choices are correct 
A) Type 1 diabetes 
B) Type 2 diabetes 
C) Crohn's disease 
D) cancer 
E) all choices are correct

Question 19

The backbone of a DNA molecule is _________.

Accepted Answer

A) made up of sugars alone 
B) made up of nitrogenous bases alone 
C) made up of phosphate groups alone 
D) made up of alternating phosphate and sugar groups 
E) made up of alternating sugars and nitrogenous bases 
A) made up of sugars alone 
B) made up of nitrogenous bases alone 
C) made up of phosphate groups alone 
D) made up of alternating phosphate and sugar groups 
E) made up of alternating sugars and nitrogenous bases

Question 20

The effect of _________ on embryonic development is ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) polyandry, disruptive cell divisions and the early death of the embryo 
B) mitosis, disruptive cell divisions and the early death of the embryo 
C) polyspermy, disruptive cell divisions and the early death of the embryo 
D) polyspermy, the embryo develops normally but is twice as large 
E) polyandry, the embryo develops normally but is twice as large 
A) polyandry, disruptive cell divisions and the early death of the embryo 
B) mitosis, disruptive cell divisions and the early death of the embryo 
C) polyspermy, disruptive cell divisions and the early death of the embryo 
D) polyspermy, the embryo develops normally but is twice as large 
E) polyandry, the embryo develops normally but is twice as large

Why would much larger satellite DNAs be unlikely to form satellites in density gradients?

How is a cluster of tandemly repeated segments generated at a localized site within a chromosome?

What function does topoisomerase II serve in preparation for mitosis?

What appears to be the reason for the production of the large Drosophila larvae salivary gland cells?

Conserved portions of mammalian genomes are assumed to be _________.

Approximately what percentage of the human genome codes for amino acids in proteins?

What would happen if meiosis did not include a reduction division?

The bonds that hold DNA and RNA backbones together are known as __________.

What word below most accurately describes transposable elements?

When both a dominant and recessive allele for a particular gene are present together in the same plant, _________.

Which type of DNA sequence in the genome is interspersed and probably arose by transposition of mobile genetic elements?

Hemoglobin molecules analyzed at various times during an animal's life seem to be highly variable. What is the explanation for this?

Transposase is an enzyme that __________.

When we compare the DNA of the human and chimpanzee, it is seen that the genomes differ by about __________ percent.

The ends of a polynucleotide chain are the end and the end.

In humans, the genome is essentially equivalent to all of the genetic information that is present in a ______ set of chromosomes.

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs)have allowed researchers to identify genes or non-coding sites for which certain variants lead to increased risk of _______________.

The backbone of a DNA molecule is _________.

The effect of _ on embryonic development is ___.

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Exam 10: The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Why would much larger satellite DNAs be unlikely to form satellites in density gradients?

How is a cluster of tandemly repeated segments generated at a localized site within a chromosome?

What function does topoisomerase II serve in preparation for mitosis?

What appears to be the reason for the production of the large Drosophila larvae salivary gland cells?

Conserved portions of mammalian genomes are assumed to be _________.

Approximately what percentage of the human genome codes for amino acids in proteins?

What would happen if meiosis did not include a reduction division?

The bonds that hold DNA and RNA backbones together are known as __________.

What word below most accurately describes transposable elements?

When both a dominant and recessive allele for a particular gene are present together in the same plant, _________.

Which type of DNA sequence in the genome is interspersed and probably arose by transposition of mobile genetic elements?

Hemoglobin molecules analyzed at various times during an animal's life seem to be highly variable. What is the explanation for this?

Transposase is an enzyme that __________.

When we compare the DNA of the human and chimpanzee, it is seen that the genomes differ by about __________ percent.

The ends of a polynucleotide chain are the ____ end and the ____ end.

In humans, the genome is essentially equivalent to all of the genetic information that is present in a ______ set of chromosomes.

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs)have allowed researchers to identify genes or non-coding sites for which certain variants lead to increased risk of _______________.

The backbone of a DNA molecule is _________.

The effect of _________ on embryonic development is ___________.

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

The ends of a polynucleotide chain are the end and the end.

The effect of _ on embryonic development is ___.