Question 1

Beadle and Tatum's research suggested that __________.

Accepted Answer

A) a gene carries the information to build lipids 
B) a gene carries the information to build carbohydrates 
C) a gene carries the information for the construction of a particular enzyme 
D) a gene is made of RNA 
E) a gene is made of DNA 
A) a gene carries the information to build lipids 
B) a gene carries the information to build carbohydrates 
C) a gene carries the information for the construction of a particular enzyme 
D) a gene is made of RNA 
E) a gene is made of DNA

Question 2

Once bound to the promoter, core RNA polymerase ________.

Accepted Answer

A) breaks the DNA chain in the start site region 
B) melts the two DNA strands in the start site region 
C) degrades the two DNA strands in the start site region 
D) melts the two DNA strands in the termination site region 
A) breaks the DNA chain in the start site region 
B) melts the two DNA strands in the start site region 
C) degrades the two DNA strands in the start site region 
D) melts the two DNA strands in the termination site region

Question 3

What is the name of the nucleotide sequence that helps the 30S ribosomal subunit find the initiation codon on bacterial mRNAs?

Accepted Answer

A) the Watson-Crick sequence 
B) the Hershey-Chase sequence 
C) the Hatch-Slack sequence 
D) the Shine-Dalgarno sequence 
E) the Franklin sequence 
A) the Watson-Crick sequence 
B) the Hershey-Chase sequence 
C) the Hatch-Slack sequence 
D) the Shine-Dalgarno sequence 
E) the Franklin sequence

Question 4

What is the name of the enzyme that cleaves dsRNA into the small, double-stranded fragments known as small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs)?

Accepted Answer

A) riboendonuclease 
B) Dicer ribonuclease 
C) deoxyribonuclease 
D) RNA helicase 
E) reverse transcriptase 
A) riboendonuclease 
B) Dicer ribonuclease 
C) deoxyribonuclease 
D) RNA helicase 
E) reverse transcriptase

Question 5

What provides the energy that drives the polymerization of RNA from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

A) nitrogenous base breakdown 
B) deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTPs)bond breakage 
C) ribonucleoside triphosphate (NTPs)bond breakage 
D) ribose sugar hydrolysis 
E) ribosome hydrolysis 
A) nitrogenous base breakdown 
B) deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTPs)bond breakage 
C) ribonucleoside triphosphate (NTPs)bond breakage 
D) ribose sugar hydrolysis 
E) ribosome hydrolysis

Question 6

A pri-miRNA is cleaved within the nucleus by an enzyme called _______ into a shorter, double-stranded, hairpin-shaped precursor called a ________.

Accepted Answer

A) Drosha, pre-miRNA 
B) Drosha, pri-miRNA 
C) Dicer, pre-miRNA 
D) Dicer, pri-miRNA 
E) Slicer, pre-miRNA 
A) Drosha, pre-miRNA 
B) Drosha, pri-miRNA 
C) Dicer, pre-miRNA 
D) Dicer, pri-miRNA 
E) Slicer, pre-miRNA

Question 7

The CRISPR-cas9 system uses _______ as a template to locate and cleave specific___________ targets.

Accepted Answer

A) siRNA, DNA 
B) siRNA, RNA 
C) dsDNA, RNA 
D) sgRNA, RNA 
E) sgRNA, DNA 
A) siRNA, DNA 
B) siRNA, RNA 
C) dsDNA, RNA 
D) sgRNA, RNA 
E) sgRNA, DNA

Question 8

What percentage of cellular RNA is rRNA?

Accepted Answer

A) less than 20% 
B) more than 80% 
C) 50-60% 
D) approximately 35% 
A) less than 20% 
B) more than 80% 
C) 50-60% 
D) approximately 35%

Question 9

Which of the phenomena below is responsible for the ability of one gene to code for more than one polypeptide?

Accepted Answer

A) transcription 
B) alternative splicing 
C) transposition 
D) hybridization 
E) exon shuffling 
A) transcription 
B) alternative splicing 
C) transposition 
D) hybridization 
E) exon shuffling

Question 10

Sequences of DNA that are conserved and seen upstream of a transcription initiation site in roughly the same location from gene to gene in bacteria are called ________.

Accepted Answer

A) familiar sequences 
B) conserved sequences 
C) consensus sequences 
D) avatars 
E) consensons 
A) familiar sequences 
B) conserved sequences 
C) consensus sequences 
D) avatars 
E) consensons

Question 11

You incubate eukaryotic cells for 30 minutes in [3H]uridine and then immediately kill the cells and extract the RNA. Where does the radiolabel appear after this experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) in larger molecular weight RNAs in the nucleus 
B) in smaller molecular weight RNAs in the mitochondria 
C) in smaller molecular weight RNAs in the cytoplasm 
D) in larger molecular weight RNAs in the mitochondria 
E) in moderately sized RNAs in the Golgi complex 
A) in larger molecular weight RNAs in the nucleus 
B) in smaller molecular weight RNAs in the mitochondria 
C) in smaller molecular weight RNAs in the cytoplasm 
D) in larger molecular weight RNAs in the mitochondria 
E) in moderately sized RNAs in the Golgi complex

Question 12

Why has the one gene-one polypeptide hypothesis been modified in recent years?

Accepted Answer

A) It was found that RNA was the genetic material, not DNA. 
B) Genes can be spliced differently to generate a variety of related polypeptides. 
C) Enzymes sometimes consist of more than one polypeptide, each of which is coded for by its own gene. 
D) Enzymes actually code for genes. 
E) Polypeptides code for genes. 
A) It was found that RNA was the genetic material, not DNA. 
B) Genes can be spliced differently to generate a variety of related polypeptides. 
C) Enzymes sometimes consist of more than one polypeptide, each of which is coded for by its own gene. 
D) Enzymes actually code for genes. 
E) Polypeptides code for genes.

Question 13

Through which structures have plant siRNAs been observed to spread to distant cells? (Select all correct choices)

Accepted Answer

A) xylem tissue 
B) phloem tissue 
C) plasmodesmata 
D) guard cell pores 
A) xylem tissue 
B) phloem tissue 
C) plasmodesmata 
D) guard cell pores

Question 14

RNAi or dsRNA-mediated RNA interference is an example of a broader phenomenon that occurs widely in eukaryotes called __________.

Accepted Answer

A) RNA activation 
B) RNA ascension 
C) RNA silencing 
D) RNA sussuration 
E) RNA quieting 
A) RNA activation 
B) RNA ascension 
C) RNA silencing 
D) RNA sussuration 
E) RNA quieting

Question 15

Where is the pre-miRNA converted to miRNA by Dicer?

Accepted Answer

A) the nucleus 
B) the cytoplasm 
C) the mitochondria 
D) the plasma membrane 
E) the lysosome 
A) the nucleus 
B) the cytoplasm 
C) the mitochondria 
D) the plasma membrane 
E) the lysosome

Question 16

Where is the RNA polymerase II phosphorylated during its activation?

Accepted Answer

A) on the N-terminal end of the largest RNA polymerase II subunit 
B) on the central 20 amino acids of the largest RNA polymerase II subunit 
C) on the 3' end of the largest RNA polymerase II subunit 
D) on the 5' end of the largest RNA polymerase II subunit 
E) in the carboxyl-terminal domain (CT
D) of the largest RNA polymerase II subunit 
A) on the N-terminal end of the largest RNA polymerase II subunit 
B) on the central 20 amino acids of the largest RNA polymerase II subunit 
C) on the 3' end of the largest RNA polymerase II subunit 
D) on the 5' end of the largest RNA polymerase II subunit 
E) in the carboxyl-terminal domain (CT
D) of the largest RNA polymerase II subunit

Question 17

Where are the unusual bases of tRNAs predominantly concentrated?

Accepted Answer

A) in the stems 
B) in the loops 
C) at the 3' end 
D) at the 5' end 
E) in double-stranded regions 
A) in the stems 
B) in the loops 
C) at the 3' end 
D) at the 5' end 
E) in double-stranded regions

Question 18

Which codon below usually serves as the initiation codon?

Accepted Answer

A) 5'-AUG-3' 
B) 5'-GUG-3' 
C) 3'-AUG-5' 
D) 3'-GUG-3' 
E) 3'-UAC-5' 
A) 5'-AUG-3' 
B) 5'-GUG-3' 
C) 3'-AUG-5' 
D) 3'-GUG-3' 
E) 3'-UAC-5'

Question 19

What is this difference between si/miRNAs and piRNAs?

Accepted Answer

A) piRNAs are longer than si/miRNAs. 
B) The majority of mammalian piRNAs can be mapped to a small number of huge genomic loci, unlike si/mi RNAs. 
C) The formation of piRNAs does not involve the formation of dsRNA precursors, unlike si/mi RNAs. 
D) Formation of piRNAs does not involve cleavage by Dicer ribonuclease, but instead it depends on the endonuclease activity of the PIWI protein acting on a long, single stranded primary transcript. 
E) All of these are correct. 
A) piRNAs are longer than si/miRNAs. 
B) The majority of mammalian piRNAs can be mapped to a small number of huge genomic loci, unlike si/mi RNAs. 
C) The formation of piRNAs does not involve the formation of dsRNA precursors, unlike si/mi RNAs. 
D) Formation of piRNAs does not involve cleavage by Dicer ribonuclease, but instead it depends on the endonuclease activity of the PIWI protein acting on a long, single stranded primary transcript. 
E) All of these are correct.

Question 20

The site on DNA to which RNA polymerase binds before initiating transcription is called the ______.

Accepted Answer

A) terminator 
B) operator 
C) promoter 
D) enhancer 
E) silencer 
A) terminator 
B) operator 
C) promoter 
D) enhancer 
E) silencer

Beadle and Tatum's research suggested that __________.

Once bound to the promoter, core RNA polymerase ________.

What is the name of the nucleotide sequence that helps the 30S ribosomal subunit find the initiation codon on bacterial mRNAs?

What is the name of the enzyme that cleaves dsRNA into the small, double-stranded fragments known as small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs)?

What provides the energy that drives the polymerization of RNA from a DNA template?

A pri-miRNA is cleaved within the nucleus by an enzyme called _ into a shorter, double-stranded, hairpin-shaped precursor called a __.

The CRISPR-cas9 system uses _ as a template to locate and cleave specific_____ targets.

What percentage of cellular RNA is rRNA?

Which of the phenomena below is responsible for the ability of one gene to code for more than one polypeptide?

Sequences of DNA that are conserved and seen upstream of a transcription initiation site in roughly the same location from gene to gene in bacteria are called ________.

You incubate eukaryotic cells for 30 minutes in [³H]uridine and then immediately kill the cells and extract the RNA. Where does the radiolabel appear after this experiment?

Why has the one gene-one polypeptide hypothesis been modified in recent years?

Through which structures have plant siRNAs been observed to spread to distant cells? (Select all correct choices)

RNAi or dsRNA-mediated RNA interference is an example of a broader phenomenon that occurs widely in eukaryotes called __________.

Where is the pre-miRNA converted to miRNA by Dicer?

Where is the RNA polymerase II phosphorylated during its activation?

Where are the unusual bases of tRNAs predominantly concentrated?

Which codon below usually serves as the initiation codon?

What is this difference between si/miRNAs and piRNAs?

The site on DNA to which RNA polymerase binds before initiating transcription is called the ______.

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Exam 11: Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Beadle and Tatum's research suggested that __________.

Once bound to the promoter, core RNA polymerase ________.

What is the name of the nucleotide sequence that helps the 30S ribosomal subunit find the initiation codon on bacterial mRNAs?

What is the name of the enzyme that cleaves dsRNA into the small, double-stranded fragments known as small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs)?

What provides the energy that drives the polymerization of RNA from a DNA template?

A pri-miRNA is cleaved within the nucleus by an enzyme called _______ into a shorter, double-stranded, hairpin-shaped precursor called a ________.

The CRISPR-cas9 system uses _______ as a template to locate and cleave specific___________ targets.

What percentage of cellular RNA is rRNA?

Which of the phenomena below is responsible for the ability of one gene to code for more than one polypeptide?

Sequences of DNA that are conserved and seen upstream of a transcription initiation site in roughly the same location from gene to gene in bacteria are called ________.

You incubate eukaryotic cells for 30 minutes in [3H]uridine and then immediately kill the cells and extract the RNA. Where does the radiolabel appear after this experiment?

Why has the one gene-one polypeptide hypothesis been modified in recent years?

Through which structures have plant siRNAs been observed to spread to distant cells? (Select all correct choices)

RNAi or dsRNA-mediated RNA interference is an example of a broader phenomenon that occurs widely in eukaryotes called __________.

Where is the pre-miRNA converted to miRNA by Dicer?

Where is the RNA polymerase II phosphorylated during its activation?

Where are the unusual bases of tRNAs predominantly concentrated?

Which codon below usually serves as the initiation codon?

What is this difference between si/miRNAs and piRNAs?

The site on DNA to which RNA polymerase binds before initiating transcription is called the ______.

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

A pri-miRNA is cleaved within the nucleus by an enzyme called _ into a shorter, double-stranded, hairpin-shaped precursor called a __.

The CRISPR-cas9 system uses _ as a template to locate and cleave specific_____ targets.

You incubate eukaryotic cells for 30 minutes in [³H]uridine and then immediately kill the cells and extract the RNA. Where does the radiolabel appear after this experiment?