Question 1

What does it mean to say the genetic code is universal?

Accepted Answer

A) The genetic code is the same everywhere in the Universe. 
B) All of the organisms on Earth use the same genetic code with only minor variations. 
C) The genetic code is found in all organisms but varies extensively. 
D) The genetic code is minimal. 
E) The genetic code is multiphasic. 
A) The genetic code is the same everywhere in the Universe. 
B) All of the organisms on Earth use the same genetic code with only minor variations. 
C) The genetic code is found in all organisms but varies extensively. 
D) The genetic code is minimal. 
E) The genetic code is multiphasic.

Question 2

Which enzyme, also responsible for siRNA formation, carves miRNAs from their double-stranded, fold-back RNA precursor (pre-miRNA)?

Accepted Answer

A) RNA polymerase 
B) reverse transcriptase 
C) Dicer ribonuclease 
D) Drosha polymerase 
E) Mincer ribonuclease 
A) RNA polymerase 
B) reverse transcriptase 
C) Dicer ribonuclease 
D) Drosha polymerase 
E) Mincer ribonuclease

Question 3

Alcaptonuria is a genetic disease that is characterized by _________.

Accepted Answer

A) urine turning dark upon exposure to the air 
B) mental retardation 
C) paralysis 
D) urine smelling and tasting like maple syrup 
E) high fevers 
A) urine turning dark upon exposure to the air 
B) mental retardation 
C) paralysis 
D) urine smelling and tasting like maple syrup 
E) high fevers

Question 4

What are the three distinct activities of protein synthesis in the correct order?

Accepted Answer

A) initiation, elongation, termination 
B) termination, initiation, elongation 
C) initiation, termination, elongation 
D) elongation, initiation, termination 
E) elongation, termination, initiation 
A) initiation, elongation, termination 
B) termination, initiation, elongation 
C) initiation, termination, elongation 
D) elongation, initiation, termination 
E) elongation, termination, initiation

Question 5

What did Archibald Garrod call diseases like alcaptonuria?

Accepted Answer

A) deadly diseases 
B) inborn errors of transcription 
C) homogentisms 
D) errors 
E) inborn errors of metabolism 
A) deadly diseases 
B) inborn errors of transcription 
C) homogentisms 
D) errors 
E) inborn errors of metabolism

Question 6

What was the new name of Beadle and Tatum's hypothesis after it was discovered that some enzymes were composed of more than one polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

A) the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis 
B) the one gene-one polypeptide hypothesis 
C) the one polypeptide-one enzyme hypothesis 
D) the one polypeptide-one gene hypothesis 
E) the one gene-two gene hypothesis 
A) the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis 
B) the one gene-one polypeptide hypothesis 
C) the one polypeptide-one enzyme hypothesis 
D) the one polypeptide-one gene hypothesis 
E) the one gene-two gene hypothesis

Question 7

The greatest variability among codons that specify the same amino acid occurs in the _________ of the triplet.

Accepted Answer

A) first two nucleotides 
B) last two nucleotides 
C) first and last nucleotides 
D) last nucleotide 
E) middle nucleotide 
A) first two nucleotides 
B) last two nucleotides 
C) first and last nucleotides 
D) last nucleotide 
E) middle nucleotide

Question 8

The greatest similarities among codons that specify the same amino acid occur in the _________ of the triplet.

Accepted Answer

A) first two nucleotides 
B) last two nucleotides 
C) first and third nucleotides 
D) third nucleotide 
E) middle nucleotide 
A) first two nucleotides 
B) last two nucleotides 
C) first and third nucleotides 
D) third nucleotide 
E) middle nucleotide

Question 9

Before the genetic code was actually known, Francis Crick predicted that it was degenerate. What piece of evidence led him to make this prediction?

Accepted Answer

A) All proteins looked the same. 
B) All proteins were made of amino acids. 
C) He noted that the base composition of the DNAs of various bacteria varied greatly while the amino acid composition of their proteins varied much less. 
D) He noted that the base composition of the DNAs of various bacteria varied little while the amino acid composition of their proteins varied greatly overall. 
E) The code was non-overlapping. 
A) All proteins looked the same. 
B) All proteins were made of amino acids. 
C) He noted that the base composition of the DNAs of various bacteria varied greatly while the amino acid composition of their proteins varied much less. 
D) He noted that the base composition of the DNAs of various bacteria varied little while the amino acid composition of their proteins varied greatly overall. 
E) The code was non-overlapping.

Question 10

An alcaptonuric lacks the enzyme that oxidizes which metabolite?

Accepted Answer

A) phenylalanine 
B) tyrosine 
C) homogentisic acid 
D) asparagine 
E) pantothenic acid 
A) phenylalanine 
B) tyrosine 
C) homogentisic acid 
D) asparagine 
E) pantothenic acid

Question 11

Heterogeneous nuclear RNAs (hnRNAs)are _________.

Accepted Answer

A) tRNA precursors 
B) mRNA precursors 
C) rRNA precursors 
D) snoRNA precursors 
E) mature snRNAs 
A) tRNA precursors 
B) mRNA precursors 
C) rRNA precursors 
D) snoRNA precursors 
E) mature snRNAs

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT required for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) various tRNAs with their attached amino acids 
B) ribosomes 
C) mRNA 
D) anions 
E) GTP 
A) various tRNAs with their attached amino acids 
B) ribosomes 
C) mRNA 
D) anions 
E) GTP

Question 13

The genetic code has 64 codons, while there are only 20 amino acids. Thus, some amino acids are coded for by more than one codon. As a result, the genetic code is said to be ________.

Accepted Answer

A) regenerate 
B) degenerate 
C) overlapping 
D) nonoverlapping 
E) nonspecific 
A) regenerate 
B) degenerate 
C) overlapping 
D) nonoverlapping 
E) nonspecific

Question 14

The surfaces of the two ribosomal subunits that face one another contain the binding sites for the mRNA and incoming tRNAs and are thus key for the function of the ribosomes. The fact that these surfaces consist largely of RNA supports what proposal?

Accepted Answer

A) primordial ribosomes were composed solely of proteins 
B) primordial ribosomes were composed exclusively of RNA 
C) primordial ribosomes were composed exclusively of DNA 
D) prokaryotes gave rise to eukaryotes 
E) endosymbiosis gave rise to eukaryotes 
A) primordial ribosomes were composed solely of proteins 
B) primordial ribosomes were composed exclusively of RNA 
C) primordial ribosomes were composed exclusively of DNA 
D) prokaryotes gave rise to eukaryotes 
E) endosymbiosis gave rise to eukaryotes

Question 15

You discover alien life with a genetic system based on a DNA-like molecule, but it has 6 bases instead of 4 as happens on Earth. The proteins on the planet are built from combinations of 30 possible amino acids. What would be the minimum number of bases in each codon on this planet?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 6 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 6

Question 16

RNA interference can be used to __________ the production of a particular enzyme, allowing the effect of ___________ of the enzyme on the organism's _________ to be determined.

Accepted Answer

A) stop, deficiency, phenotype 
B) enhance, deficiency, phenotype 
C) stop, deficiency, genotype 
D) enhance, overexpression, phenotype 
E) stop, overexpression, genotype 
A) stop, deficiency, phenotype 
B) enhance, deficiency, phenotype 
C) stop, deficiency, genotype 
D) enhance, overexpression, phenotype 
E) stop, overexpression, genotype

Question 17

A cluster of genes coding for tRNAs is often referred to as ______.

Accepted Answer

A) tDNA 
B) transferase 
C) rDNA 
D) t clusters 
E) tDNase 
A) tDNA 
B) transferase 
C) rDNA 
D) t clusters 
E) tDNase

Question 18

The enzyme that is responsible for the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template is called _______.

Accepted Answer

A) DNA-dependent DNA polymerase 
B) DNA-dependent RNA polymerase 
C) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 
D) RNA-dependent DNA polymerase 
E) ribonuclease 
A) DNA-dependent DNA polymerase 
B) DNA-dependent RNA polymerase 
C) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 
D) RNA-dependent DNA polymerase 
E) ribonuclease

Question 19

The 3' end of most eukaryotic mRNAs contains a _________, while the 5' end has a _________.

Accepted Answer

A) poly(
A) tail, methylated guanosine cap 
B) poly(U)tail, methylated guanosine cap 
C) methylated guanosine cap, poly(
A) tail 
D) poly(
A) tail, sulfonated guanosine cap 
E) methylated guanosine cap, poly(U)tail 
A) poly(
A) tail, methylated guanosine cap 
B) poly(U)tail, methylated guanosine cap 
C) methylated guanosine cap, poly(
A) tail 
D) poly(
A) tail, sulfonated guanosine cap 
E) methylated guanosine cap, poly(U)tail

Question 20

The macromolecular complex that associates with each intron and splices it is called __________.

Accepted Answer

A) a splicer 
B) an acrosome 
C) a spliceosome 
D) a splicing body 
E) a splice engine 
A) a splicer 
B) an acrosome 
C) a spliceosome 
D) a splicing body 
E) a splice engine

What does it mean to say the genetic code is universal?

Which enzyme, also responsible for siRNA formation, carves miRNAs from their double-stranded, fold-back RNA precursor (pre-miRNA)?

Alcaptonuria is a genetic disease that is characterized by _________.

What are the three distinct activities of protein synthesis in the correct order?

What did Archibald Garrod call diseases like alcaptonuria?

What was the new name of Beadle and Tatum's hypothesis after it was discovered that some enzymes were composed of more than one polypeptide chain?

The greatest variability among codons that specify the same amino acid occurs in the _________ of the triplet.

The greatest similarities among codons that specify the same amino acid occur in the _________ of the triplet.

Before the genetic code was actually known, Francis Crick predicted that it was degenerate. What piece of evidence led him to make this prediction?

An alcaptonuric lacks the enzyme that oxidizes which metabolite?

Heterogeneous nuclear RNAs (hnRNAs)are _________.

Which of the following is NOT required for protein synthesis?

The genetic code has 64 codons, while there are only 20 amino acids. Thus, some amino acids are coded for by more than one codon. As a result, the genetic code is said to be ________.

The surfaces of the two ribosomal subunits that face one another contain the binding sites for the mRNA and incoming tRNAs and are thus key for the function of the ribosomes. The fact that these surfaces consist largely of RNA supports what proposal?

You discover alien life with a genetic system based on a DNA-like molecule, but it has 6 bases instead of 4 as happens on Earth. The proteins on the planet are built from combinations of 30 possible amino acids. What would be the minimum number of bases in each codon on this planet?

RNA interference can be used to ____ the production of a particular enzyme, allowing the effect of _ of the enzyme on the organism's _____ to be determined.

A cluster of genes coding for tRNAs is often referred to as ______.

The enzyme that is responsible for the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template is called _______.

The 3' end of most eukaryotic mRNAs contains a _, while the 5' end has a _.

The macromolecular complex that associates with each intron and splices it is called __________.

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Exam 11: Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

What does it mean to say the genetic code is universal?

Which enzyme, also responsible for siRNA formation, carves miRNAs from their double-stranded, fold-back RNA precursor (pre-miRNA)?

Alcaptonuria is a genetic disease that is characterized by _________.

What are the three distinct activities of protein synthesis in the correct order?

What did Archibald Garrod call diseases like alcaptonuria?

What was the new name of Beadle and Tatum's hypothesis after it was discovered that some enzymes were composed of more than one polypeptide chain?

The greatest variability among codons that specify the same amino acid occurs in the _________ of the triplet.

The greatest similarities among codons that specify the same amino acid occur in the _________ of the triplet.

Before the genetic code was actually known, Francis Crick predicted that it was degenerate. What piece of evidence led him to make this prediction?

An alcaptonuric lacks the enzyme that oxidizes which metabolite?

Heterogeneous nuclear RNAs (hnRNAs)are _________.

Which of the following is NOT required for protein synthesis?

The genetic code has 64 codons, while there are only 20 amino acids. Thus, some amino acids are coded for by more than one codon. As a result, the genetic code is said to be ________.

The surfaces of the two ribosomal subunits that face one another contain the binding sites for the mRNA and incoming tRNAs and are thus key for the function of the ribosomes. The fact that these surfaces consist largely of RNA supports what proposal?

You discover alien life with a genetic system based on a DNA-like molecule, but it has 6 bases instead of 4 as happens on Earth. The proteins on the planet are built from combinations of 30 possible amino acids. What would be the minimum number of bases in each codon on this planet?

RNA interference can be used to __________ the production of a particular enzyme, allowing the effect of ___________ of the enzyme on the organism's _________ to be determined.

A cluster of genes coding for tRNAs is often referred to as ______.

The enzyme that is responsible for the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template is called _______.

The 3' end of most eukaryotic mRNAs contains a _________, while the 5' end has a _________.

The macromolecular complex that associates with each intron and splices it is called __________.

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

RNA interference can be used to ____ the production of a particular enzyme, allowing the effect of _ of the enzyme on the organism's _____ to be determined.

The 3' end of most eukaryotic mRNAs contains a _, while the 5' end has a _.