Question 1

What is often the cause of acute diarrhea?

Accepted Answer

A)  Irritable bowel syndrome 
B)  Antibiotic therapy 
C)  Hypothyroidism 
D)  Hirschsprung's disease 
A)  Irritable bowel syndrome 
B)  Antibiotic therapy 
C)  Hypothyroidism 
D)  Hirschsprung's disease B

Question 2

The nurse is caring for a boy with probable intussusception.He had diarrhea before admission but,while waiting for administration of air pressure to reduce the intussusception,he passes a normal brown stool.What is the most appropriate nursing action?

Accepted Answer

A)  Notify the health provider. 
B)  Measure abdominal girth. 
C)  Auscultate for bowel sounds. 
D)  Take vital signs,including blood pressure. 
A)  Notify the health provider. 
B)  Measure abdominal girth. 
C)  Auscultate for bowel sounds. 
D)  Take vital signs,including blood pressure. A

Question 3

What is the first treatment a nurse provides in the therapeutic management of a child with acute diarrhea and dehydration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Clear liquids 
B)  Adsorbents such as kaolin and pectin 
C)  Oral rehydration solution (ORS) 
D)  Antidiarrheal medications such as paregoric 
A)  Clear liquids 
B)  Adsorbents such as kaolin and pectin 
C)  Oral rehydration solution (ORS) 
D)  Antidiarrheal medications such as paregoric C

Question 4

A newborn was admitted to the nursery with a complete bilateral cleft lip and palate.The physician has explained the plan of therapy and its expected good results.However,the mother refuses to see or hold her baby.What should the nurse's initial therapeutic approach be to the mother?

Accepted Answer

A)  Restate what the physician has told her about plastic surgery. 
B)  Encourage her to express her feelings. 
C)  Emphasize the normalcy of her baby and the baby's need for mothering. 
D)  Recognize that negative feelings toward the child continue throughout childhood. 
A)  Restate what the physician has told her about plastic surgery. 
B)  Encourage her to express her feelings. 
C)  Emphasize the normalcy of her baby and the baby's need for mothering. 
D)  Recognize that negative feelings toward the child continue throughout childhood.

Question 5

A 3-year-old child with Hirschsprung's disease is hospitalized for surgery.A temporary colostomy will be necessary.What should the nurse recognize about preparing this child psychologically for surgery?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is not necessary because of child's age. 
B)  It is not necessary because the colostomy is temporary. 
C)  It is necessary because it will require the child's adjustment. 
D)  It is necessary because the child must deal with a negative body image. 
A)  It is not necessary because of child's age. 
B)  It is not necessary because the colostomy is temporary. 
C)  It is necessary because it will require the child's adjustment. 
D)  It is necessary because the child must deal with a negative body image.

Question 6

What is the best chance of survival for a child with cirrhosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Liver transplantation 
B)  Treatment with corticosteroids 
C)  Treatment with immune globulin 
D)  Provision of nutritional support 
A)  Liver transplantation 
B)  Treatment with corticosteroids 
C)  Treatment with immune globulin 
D)  Provision of nutritional support

Question 7

When caring for a child with probable appendicitis,which should the nurse watch for as a sign of perforation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bradycardia 
B)  Anorexia 
C)  Sudden relief from pain 
D)  Decreased abdominal distension 
A)  Bradycardia 
B)  Anorexia 
C)  Sudden relief from pain 
D)  Decreased abdominal distension

Question 8

Which statement best describes hepatitis A?

Accepted Answer

A)  The incubation period is 6 weeks to 6 months. 
B)  The principal mode of transmission is through the parenteral route. 
C)  The onset is usually rapid and acute. 
D)  There is a persistent carrier state. 
A)  The incubation period is 6 weeks to 6 months. 
B)  The principal mode of transmission is through the parenteral route. 
C)  The onset is usually rapid and acute. 
D)  There is a persistent carrier state.

Question 9

A school-age child with diarrhea has been rehydrated.The nurse is discussing the child's diet with the family.Which statement by the parent would indicate a correct understanding of the teaching?

Accepted Answer

A)  "I will keep my child on a clear liquid diet for the next 24 hours." 
B)  "I should encourage my child to drink carbonated drinks but avoid food for the next 24 hours." 
C)  "I will offer my child bananas,rice,applesauce,and toast for the next 48 hours." 
D)  "I should have my child eat a normal diet with easily digested foods for the next 48 hours." 
A)  "I will keep my child on a clear liquid diet for the next 24 hours." 
B)  "I should encourage my child to drink carbonated drinks but avoid food for the next 24 hours." 
C)  "I will offer my child bananas,rice,applesauce,and toast for the next 48 hours." 
D)  "I should have my child eat a normal diet with easily digested foods for the next 48 hours."

Question 10

What is used to treat moderate to severe ulcerative colitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antacids 
B)  Antibiotics 
C)  Corticosteroids 
D)  Antidiarrheal medications 
A)  Antacids 
B)  Antibiotics 
C)  Corticosteroids 
D)  Antidiarrheal medications

Question 11

When a child has which symptom would the nurse be alert for increased fluid requirements?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fever 
B)  Mechanical ventilation 
C)  Heart failure 
D)  Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) 
A)  Fever 
B)  Mechanical ventilation 
C)  Heart failure 
D)  Increased intracranial pressure (ICP)

Question 12

The nurse is explaining to a parent how to care for a child with vomiting associated with a viral illness.What should the nurse include in her discussion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Avoid carbohydrate-containing liquids. 
B)  Give nothing by mouth for 24 hours. 
C)  Brush teeth or rinse mouth after vomiting. 
D)  Give plain water until vomiting ceases for at least 24 hours. 
A)  Avoid carbohydrate-containing liquids. 
B)  Give nothing by mouth for 24 hours. 
C)  Brush teeth or rinse mouth after vomiting. 
D)  Give plain water until vomiting ceases for at least 24 hours.

Question 13

The nurse is caring for an infant with suspected pyloric stenosis.Which clinical manifestation indicates this condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Abdominal rigidity and pain on palpation 
B)  Rounded abdomen and hypoactive bowel sounds 
C)  Visible peristalsis and weight loss 
D)  Distension of lower abdomen and constipation 
A)  Abdominal rigidity and pain on palpation 
B)  Rounded abdomen and hypoactive bowel sounds 
C)  Visible peristalsis and weight loss 
D)  Distension of lower abdomen and constipation

Question 14

A histamine-receptor antagonist such as cimetidine (Tagamet)or ranitidine (Zantac)is ordered for an infant with gastroesophageal reflux disease.What is the purpose of this drug?

Accepted Answer

A)  It prevents reflux. 
B)  It prevents hematemesis. 
C)  It reduces gastric acid production. 
D)  It increases gastric acid production. 
A)  It prevents reflux. 
B)  It prevents hematemesis. 
C)  It reduces gastric acid production. 
D)  It increases gastric acid production.

Question 15

A stool specimen from a child with diarrhea shows the presence of neutrophils and red blood cells.These results are most suggestive of what condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Protein intolerance 
B)  Parasitic infection 
C)  Fat malabsorption 
D)  Bacterial gastroenteritis 
A)  Protein intolerance 
B)  Parasitic infection 
C)  Fat malabsorption 
D)  Bacterial gastroenteritis

Question 16

A 4-month-old infant has gastroesophageal reflux (GER)but is thriving without other complications.What should the nurse suggest to minimize reflux?

Accepted Answer

A)  Place the child in Trendelenburg position after eating. 
B)  Thicken formula with rice cereal. 
C)  Give continuous nasogastric tube feedings. 
D)  Give larger,less frequent feedings. 
A)  Place the child in Trendelenburg position after eating. 
B)  Thicken formula with rice cereal. 
C)  Give continuous nasogastric tube feedings. 
D)  Give larger,less frequent feedings.

Question 17

Which is a parasite that causes acute diarrhea?

Accepted Answer

A)  Shigella organisms 
B)  Salmonella organisms 
C)  Giardia lamblia 
D)  Escherichia coli 
A)  Shigella organisms 
B)  Salmonella organisms 
C)  Giardia lamblia 
D)  Escherichia coli

Question 18

When providing patient education to parents of a child who has just been diagnosed with Crohn's disease,which clinical manifestations will the nurse include in the discussion? Select all that apply.Express answer in small letters followed by a comma and a space-e.g. ,a,b,c

Accepted Answer

A)  Rectal bleeding is common. 
B)  Diarrhea is usually moderate to severe. 
C)  Pain is usually not a symptom. 
D)  Anal and perianal lesions are common. 
E)  Fistulas and strictures are rare.
F) Growth delay may be severe. 
A)  Rectal bleeding is common. 
B)  Diarrhea is usually moderate to severe. 
C)  Pain is usually not a symptom. 
D)  Anal and perianal lesions are common. 
E)  Fistulas and strictures are rare.
F) Growth delay may be severe.

Question 19

Which should be included when caring for the newborn with a cleft lip and palate before surgical repair?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gastrostomy feedings 
B)  Keeping the infant in near-horizontal position during feedings 
C)  Allowing little or no sucking 
D)  Providing satisfaction for the infant's sucking needs 
A)  Gastrostomy feedings 
B)  Keeping the infant in near-horizontal position during feedings 
C)  Allowing little or no sucking 
D)  Providing satisfaction for the infant's sucking needs

Question 20

An infant with short bowel syndrome will be discharged home on total parenteral nutrition (TPN)and gastrostomy feedings.What should nursing care include?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prepare the family for impending death. 
B)  Teach the family to watch for signs of central venous catheter infection. 
C)  Teach the family how to calculate caloric needs. 
D)  Secure TPN and gastrostomy tubing under the diaper,to lessen risk of dislodgment. 
A)  Prepare the family for impending death. 
B)  Teach the family to watch for signs of central venous catheter infection. 
C)  Teach the family how to calculate caloric needs. 
D)  Secure TPN and gastrostomy tubing under the diaper,to lessen risk of dislodgment.

Exam 46: Gastrointestinal Dysfunction

What is often the cause of acute diarrhea?

The nurse is caring for a boy with probable intussusception.He had diarrhea before admission but,while waiting for administration of air pressure to reduce the intussusception,he passes a normal brown stool.What is the most appropriate nursing action?

What is the first treatment a nurse provides in the therapeutic management of a child with acute diarrhea and dehydration?

A newborn was admitted to the nursery with a complete bilateral cleft lip and palate.The physician has explained the plan of therapy and its expected good results.However,the mother refuses to see or hold her baby.What should the nurse's initial therapeutic approach be to the mother?

A 3-year-old child with Hirschsprung's disease is hospitalized for surgery.A temporary colostomy will be necessary.What should the nurse recognize about preparing this child psychologically for surgery?

What is the best chance of survival for a child with cirrhosis?

When caring for a child with probable appendicitis,which should the nurse watch for as a sign of perforation?

Which statement best describes hepatitis A?

A school-age child with diarrhea has been rehydrated.The nurse is discussing the child's diet with the family.Which statement by the parent would indicate a correct understanding of the teaching?

What is used to treat moderate to severe ulcerative colitis?

When a child has which symptom would the nurse be alert for increased fluid requirements?

The nurse is explaining to a parent how to care for a child with vomiting associated with a viral illness.What should the nurse include in her discussion?

The nurse is caring for an infant with suspected pyloric stenosis.Which clinical manifestation indicates this condition?

A histamine-receptor antagonist such as cimetidine (Tagamet)or ranitidine (Zantac)is ordered for an infant with gastroesophageal reflux disease.What is the purpose of this drug?

A stool specimen from a child with diarrhea shows the presence of neutrophils and red blood cells.These results are most suggestive of what condition?

A 4-month-old infant has gastroesophageal reflux (GER)but is thriving without other complications.What should the nurse suggest to minimize reflux?

Which is a parasite that causes acute diarrhea?

When providing patient education to parents of a child who has just been diagnosed with Crohn's disease,which clinical manifestations will the nurse include in the discussion? Select all that apply.Express answer in small letters followed by a comma and a space-e.g. ,a,b,c

Which should be included when caring for the newborn with a cleft lip and palate before surgical repair?

An infant with short bowel syndrome will be discharged home on total parenteral nutrition (TPN)and gastrostomy feedings.What should nursing care include?

Contemporary Perinatal and Pediatric Nursing in Canada

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