Question 1

Which may be a sign that precedes labour?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lightening 
B)  Exhaustion 
C)  Weight gain 
D)  Decreased fetal movement 
A)  Lightening 
B)  Exhaustion 
C)  Weight gain 
D)  Decreased fetal movement A

Question 2

A new mother asks the nurse when the "soft spot" on her son's head will go away.The nurse's answer is based on the knowledge that the anterior fontanel closes how many months after birth?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 months 
B)  8 months 
C)  12 months 
D)  18 months 
A)  2 months 
B)  8 months 
C)  12 months 
D)  18 months D

Question 3

What should the nurse be aware of with regard to fetal positioning during labour?

Accepted Answer

A)  Position is a measure of the degree of descent of the presenting part of the fetus through the birth canal. 
B)  Birth is imminent when the presenting part is at +4 to +5 cm,below the spine. 
C)  The largest transverse diameter of the presenting part is the suboccipitobregmatic diameter. 
D)  Engagement is the term used to describe the beginning of labour. 
A)  Position is a measure of the degree of descent of the presenting part of the fetus through the birth canal. 
B)  Birth is imminent when the presenting part is at +4 to +5 cm,below the spine. 
C)  The largest transverse diameter of the presenting part is the suboccipitobregmatic diameter. 
D)  Engagement is the term used to describe the beginning of labour. B

Question 4

Which position would be least effective when gravity is needed to assist in fetal descent?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lithotomy 
B)  Kneeling 
C)  Sitting 
D)  Walking 
A)  Lithotomy 
B)  Kneeling 
C)  Sitting 
D)  Walking

Question 5

Which presentation is described accurately in terms of both presenting part and frequency of occurrence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cephalic: occiput;at least 95% 
B)  Breech: sacrum;10 to 15% 
C)  Shoulder: scapula;10 to 15% 
D)  Cephalic: cranial;80 to 85% 
A)  Cephalic: occiput;at least 95% 
B)  Breech: sacrum;10 to 15% 
C)  Shoulder: scapula;10 to 15% 
D)  Cephalic: cranial;80 to 85%

Question 6

What is the term for the relationship of the fetal body parts to one another?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lie 
B)  Presentation 
C)  Attitude 
D)  Position 
A)  Lie 
B)  Presentation 
C)  Attitude 
D)  Position

Question 7

Which factor influences cervical dilation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The size of the fetus 
B)  The diameters of the bony pelvis 
C)  The size of the female 
D)  The pressure applied by the amniotic sac 
A)  The size of the fetus 
B)  The diameters of the bony pelvis 
C)  The size of the female 
D)  The pressure applied by the amniotic sac

Question 8

The nurse would expect which maternal cardiovascular finding during labour?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased cardiac output 
B)  Decreased pulse rate 
C)  Decreased white blood cell (WB
C) count 
D)  Decreased blood pressure 
A)  Increased cardiac output 
B)  Decreased pulse rate 
C)  Decreased white blood cell (WB
C) count 
D)  Decreased blood pressure

Question 9

The nurse has received a report about a woman in labour.The woman's last vaginal examination was recorded as 3 cm,30%,and -2.What is the nurse's interpretation of this assessment?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cervix is effaced 3 cm,it is dilated 30%,and the presenting part is 2 cm above the ischial spines. 
B)  The cervix is 3 cm dilated,it is effaced 30%,and the presenting part is 2 cm above the ischial spines. 
C)  The cervix is effaced 3 cm,it is dilated 30%,and the presenting part is 2 cm below the ischial spines. 
D)  The cervix is dilated 3 cm,it is effaced 30%,and the presenting part is 2 cm below the ischial spines. 
A)  The cervix is effaced 3 cm,it is dilated 30%,and the presenting part is 2 cm above the ischial spines. 
B)  The cervix is 3 cm dilated,it is effaced 30%,and the presenting part is 2 cm above the ischial spines. 
C)  The cervix is effaced 3 cm,it is dilated 30%,and the presenting part is 2 cm below the ischial spines. 
D)  The cervix is dilated 3 cm,it is effaced 30%,and the presenting part is 2 cm below the ischial spines.

Question 10

What should the nurse teach the woman about her position during labour?

Accepted Answer

A)  The supine position increases blood flow. 
B)  The "all fours" position,on her hands and knees,is hard on her back. 
C)  Frequent changes in position will help relieve her fatigue and increase her comfort. 
D)  In a sitting or squatting position her abdominal muscles will have to work harder. 
A)  The supine position increases blood flow. 
B)  The "all fours" position,on her hands and knees,is hard on her back. 
C)  Frequent changes in position will help relieve her fatigue and increase her comfort. 
D)  In a sitting or squatting position her abdominal muscles will have to work harder.

Question 11

Which is true with regard to factors that affect how the fetus moves through the birth canal?

Accepted Answer

A)  The fetal attitude describes the angle at which the fetus exits the uterus. 
B)  Of the two primary fetal lies,the horizontal lie is that in which the long axis of the fetus is parallel to the long axis of the mother. 
C)  The normal attitude of the fetus is called general flexion. 
D)  The transverse lie is preferred for vaginal birth. 
A)  The fetal attitude describes the angle at which the fetus exits the uterus. 
B)  Of the two primary fetal lies,the horizontal lie is that in which the long axis of the fetus is parallel to the long axis of the mother. 
C)  The normal attitude of the fetus is called general flexion. 
D)  The transverse lie is preferred for vaginal birth.

Question 12

Which basic type of pelvis includes the correct description and percentage of occurrence in women?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gynecoid: classic female;heart shaped;75% 
B)  Android: resembling the male;wider oval;15% 
C)  Anthropoid: resembling the ape;narrower;10% 
D)  Platypelloid: flattened,wide,shallow;3% 
A)  Gynecoid: classic female;heart shaped;75% 
B)  Android: resembling the male;wider oval;15% 
C)  Anthropoid: resembling the ape;narrower;10% 
D)  Platypelloid: flattened,wide,shallow;3%

Question 13

To adequately care for a labouring woman,the nurse should know that which stage of labour varies most in length?

Accepted Answer

A)  First 
B)  Second 
C)  Third 
D)  Fourth 
A)  First 
B)  Second 
C)  Third 
D)  Fourth

Question 14

Which are possible signs preceding labour? Select all that apply.Express answer in small letters,with a comma followed by a space-e.g. ,a,b,C

Accepted Answer

A)  Weight loss of 2 to 2.5 kg 
B)  Surge of energy 
C)  Decreased vaginal discharge 
D)  Bloody show 
E)  Relief from urinary frequency
F) Backache 
A)  Weight loss of 2 to 2.5 kg 
B)  Surge of energy 
C)  Decreased vaginal discharge 
D)  Bloody show 
E)  Relief from urinary frequency
F) Backache

Question 15

What should nurses be aware of with regard to the turns and other adjustments of the fetus during the birth process?

Accepted Answer

A)  The seven critical movements must progress in a more or less orderly sequence. 
B)  Asynclitism sometimes is achieved by means of the Leopold manoeuvre. 
C)  The effects of the forces determining descent are modified by the shape of the woman's pelvis and the size of the fetal head. 
D)  At birth the baby is said to achieve "restitution" (i.e. ,a return to the C-shape of the womb). 
A)  The seven critical movements must progress in a more or less orderly sequence. 
B)  Asynclitism sometimes is achieved by means of the Leopold manoeuvre. 
C)  The effects of the forces determining descent are modified by the shape of the woman's pelvis and the size of the fetal head. 
D)  At birth the baby is said to achieve "restitution" (i.e. ,a return to the C-shape of the womb).

Question 16

Which represents one of the factors that affect the process of labour and birth,known commonly as the five P's?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pelvic diameters 
B)  Position 
C)  Powers 
D)  Pressure 
A)  Pelvic diameters 
B)  Position 
C)  Powers 
D)  Pressure

Question 17

What should the nurse be aware of to accurately assess the health of the mother during labour?

Accepted Answer

A)  The woman's blood pressure will increase during contractions and fall back to prelabour normal between contractions. 
B)  Use of the Valsalva manoeuvre is encouraged during the second stage of labour to relieve fetal hypoxia. 
C)  Having the woman point her toes will reduce leg cramps. 
D)  The endogenous endorphins released during labour will raise the woman's pain threshold and produce sedation. 
A)  The woman's blood pressure will increase during contractions and fall back to prelabour normal between contractions. 
B)  Use of the Valsalva manoeuvre is encouraged during the second stage of labour to relieve fetal hypoxia. 
C)  Having the woman point her toes will reduce leg cramps. 
D)  The endogenous endorphins released during labour will raise the woman's pain threshold and produce sedation.

Question 18

Which position would the nurse suggest for second-stage labour if the pelvic outlet needs to be increased?

Accepted Answer

A)  Semirecumbent 
B)  Sitting 
C)  Squatting 
D)  Semi-Fowler's 
A)  Semirecumbent 
B)  Sitting 
C)  Squatting 
D)  Semi-Fowler's

Question 19

What should the nurse know with regard to primary and secondary powers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Primary and secondary powers are responsible for effacement and dilation of the cervix. 
B)  Effacement generally is well ahead of dilation in women giving birth for the first time;effacement and dilation are more together in subsequent pregnancies. 
C)  Scarring of the cervix caused by a previous infection or surgery may make the delivery a bit more painful,but it should not slow or inhibit dilation. 
D)  Pushing in the second stage of labour is more effective if the woman can breathe deeply and control some of her involuntary needs to push,as the nurse directs. 
A)  Primary and secondary powers are responsible for effacement and dilation of the cervix. 
B)  Effacement generally is well ahead of dilation in women giving birth for the first time;effacement and dilation are more together in subsequent pregnancies. 
C)  Scarring of the cervix caused by a previous infection or surgery may make the delivery a bit more painful,but it should not slow or inhibit dilation. 
D)  Pushing in the second stage of labour is more effective if the woman can breathe deeply and control some of her involuntary needs to push,as the nurse directs.

Question 20

Which description of the four stages of labour is correct for both definition and duration?

Accepted Answer

A)  First stage: onset of regular uterine contractions to full dilation;less than 1 hour to 18 hours 
B)  Second stage: full effacement to 4 to 5 cm;visible presenting part;1 to 2 hours 
C)  Third state: active pushing to birth;20 minutes (multipara),50 minutes (primipara) 
D)  Fourth stage: delivery of the placenta to recovery;30 minutes to 1 hour 
A)  First stage: onset of regular uterine contractions to full dilation;less than 1 hour to 18 hours 
B)  Second stage: full effacement to 4 to 5 cm;visible presenting part;1 to 2 hours 
C)  Third state: active pushing to birth;20 minutes (multipara),50 minutes (primipara) 
D)  Fourth stage: delivery of the placenta to recovery;30 minutes to 1 hour

Exam 16: Labour and Birth Processes

Which may be a sign that precedes labour?

A new mother asks the nurse when the "soft spot" on her son's head will go away.The nurse's answer is based on the knowledge that the anterior fontanel closes how many months after birth?

What should the nurse be aware of with regard to fetal positioning during labour?

Which position would be least effective when gravity is needed to assist in fetal descent?

Which presentation is described accurately in terms of both presenting part and frequency of occurrence?

What is the term for the relationship of the fetal body parts to one another?

Which factor influences cervical dilation?

The nurse would expect which maternal cardiovascular finding during labour?

The nurse has received a report about a woman in labour.The woman's last vaginal examination was recorded as 3 cm,30%,and -2.What is the nurse's interpretation of this assessment?

What should the nurse teach the woman about her position during labour?

Which is true with regard to factors that affect how the fetus moves through the birth canal?

Which basic type of pelvis includes the correct description and percentage of occurrence in women?

To adequately care for a labouring woman,the nurse should know that which stage of labour varies most in length?

Which are possible signs preceding labour? Select all that apply.Express answer in small letters,with a comma followed by a space-e.g. ,a,b,C

What should nurses be aware of with regard to the turns and other adjustments of the fetus during the birth process?

Which represents one of the factors that affect the process of labour and birth,known commonly as the five P's?

What should the nurse be aware of to accurately assess the health of the mother during labour?

Which position would the nurse suggest for second-stage labour if the pelvic outlet needs to be increased?

What should the nurse know with regard to primary and secondary powers?

Which description of the four stages of labour is correct for both definition and duration?

Contemporary Perinatal and Pediatric Nursing in Canada

The Family and Culture

Community Care

Perinatal Nursing in Canada

Health Promotion

Health Assessment

Reproductive Health

Infertility, Contraception, and Abortion

Preconception, Genetics, Conception, and Fetal Development

Anatomy and Physiology of Pregnancy

Nursing Care During Pregnancy

Maternal and Fetal Nutrition

Pregnancy Risk Factors and Assessment

Pregnancy at Risk: Gestational Conditions

Pregnancy at Risk: Pre-Existing Conditions

Nursing Care of the Family During Labour and Birth

Pain Management During Labour

Fetal Health Surveillance During Labour

Labour and Birth at Risk

Maternal Physiological Changes

Nursing Care of the Family During the Postpartum Period

Transition to Parenthood

Postpartum Complications

Physiological Adaptations of the Newborn

Nursing Care of the Newborn and Family

Newborn Nutrition and Feeding

Infants with Gestational Age Related Problems

The Newborn at Risk: Acquired and Congenital Problems

Pediatric Nursing in Canada

Family, Social, Cultural, and Religious Influences on Children’s Health

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