Question 1

Which of the following factors helps magma rise toward Earth's surface?

Accepted Answer

A)  pressure decreases with increasing depth 
B)  magma is more dense and therefore tougher than the surrounding solid rocks 
C)  gas bubbles generally form at great depth and drive magma upward 
D)  none of these 
A)  pressure decreases with increasing depth 
B)  magma is more dense and therefore tougher than the surrounding solid rocks 
C)  gas bubbles generally form at great depth and drive magma upward 
D)  none of these

Question 2

Which of the letters shown on this figure would most likely have magmas related to a hot spot?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  A and B 
D)  C 
E)  D and E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  A and B 
D)  C 
E)  D and E

Question 3

All of the following are tectonic settings where large magma chambers can form EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  hot spots 
B)  rifts 
C)  mid-ocean ridges 
D)  continental collisions 
E)  above existing lava fields 
A)  hot spots 
B)  rifts 
C)  mid-ocean ridges 
D)  continental collisions 
E)  above existing lava fields

Question 4

Which of the letters shown on this figure would most likely include some intermediate to felsic magmas?

Accepted Answer

A)  B and C 
B)  A and C 
C)  A, B, and C 
D)  B, C, and D 
E)  B, D, and E 
A)  B and C 
B)  A and C 
C)  A, B, and C 
D)  B, C, and D 
E)  B, D, and E

Question 5

When a volcano erodes and the solidified conduit is exposed, it is referred to as a volcanic:

Accepted Answer

A)  neck 
B)  dike 
C)  sill 
A)  neck 
B)  dike 
C)  sill

Question 6

Which letter in this classification table indicates the position of granite?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 7

The geothermal gradient is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  increase of the Earth's temperature with increase in depth 
B)  increase of the Earth's temperature on the surface as the Sun rises 
C)  decrease of the Earth's temperature with increase of depth 
D)  decrease of the Earth's temperature on the surface as the Sun sets 
A)  increase of the Earth's temperature with increase in depth 
B)  increase of the Earth's temperature on the surface as the Sun rises 
C)  decrease of the Earth's temperature with increase of depth 
D)  decrease of the Earth's temperature on the surface as the Sun sets

Question 8

A volcanic breccia texture indicates that:

Accepted Answer

A)  there was a lot of gas in the magma 
B)  the rock cooled quickly 
C)  the rock broke apart as it flowed 
D)  the rock cooled slowly 
E)  the ash and pumice were hot and became compacted 
A)  there was a lot of gas in the magma 
B)  the rock cooled quickly 
C)  the rock broke apart as it flowed 
D)  the rock cooled slowly 
E)  the ash and pumice were hot and became compacted

Question 9

Which of the following is common during crystallization of a magma?

Accepted Answer

A)  felsic minerals crystallize first 
B)  mafic minerals are light and float in most magma chambers 
C)  felsic crystals are heavy and sink in most magma chambers 
D)  all crystals form at about the same time 
E)  none of these 
A)  felsic minerals crystallize first 
B)  mafic minerals are light and float in most magma chambers 
C)  felsic crystals are heavy and sink in most magma chambers 
D)  all crystals form at about the same time 
E)  none of these

Question 10

The main source of heat energy for the Earth's interior is a direct result of:

Accepted Answer

A)  alpha decay, which is an unstable atom losing 2 protons and 2 neutrons 
B)  beta decay, which is an unstable atom losing an electron 
C)  gamma decay, which is an unstable atom losing a photon 
A)  alpha decay, which is an unstable atom losing 2 protons and 2 neutrons 
B)  beta decay, which is an unstable atom losing an electron 
C)  gamma decay, which is an unstable atom losing a photon

Question 11

Which letter in this classification table indicates the position of rhyolite?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 12

For the letters on this figure, choose the likely cause of melting for Site E.

Accepted Answer

A)  Decompression melting as the mantle rises 
B)  Melting by adding water 
C)  Melting of continental crust caused by an influx of mantle-derived magmas 
A)  Decompression melting as the mantle rises 
B)  Melting by adding water 
C)  Melting of continental crust caused by an influx of mantle-derived magmas

Question 13

Which of the following processes could result in a felsic magma?

Accepted Answer

A)  partial melting of an intermediate-composition source 
B)  partial melting of continental crust 
C)  formation and settling of mafic crystals in an intermediate magma 
D)  all of these 
A)  partial melting of an intermediate-composition source 
B)  partial melting of continental crust 
C)  formation and settling of mafic crystals in an intermediate magma 
D)  all of these

Question 14

Which of the following is likely to be true about the magma that formed the left volcanic feature compared to the right one in this figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  the magma has a higher viscosity 
B)  the magma has a higher silicate content 
C)  the magma is probably more felsic 
D)  all of these 
A)  the magma has a higher viscosity 
B)  the magma has a higher silicate content 
C)  the magma is probably more felsic 
D)  all of these

Question 15

Which of the following minerals would likely crystallize early from magma?

Accepted Answer

A)  mafic minerals 
B)  quartz 
C)  muscovite 
D)  potassium feldspar 
A)  mafic minerals 
B)  quartz 
C)  muscovite 
D)  potassium feldspar

Question 16

Which of the following is characteristic of continental rifts?

Accepted Answer

A)  some magmas are felsic and intermediate 
B)  heat from hot, mafic magma can melt continental crust 
C)  solid asthenosphere undergoes decompression melting 
D)  all of these 
A)  some magmas are felsic and intermediate 
B)  heat from hot, mafic magma can melt continental crust 
C)  solid asthenosphere undergoes decompression melting 
D)  all of these

Question 17

A welded igneous texture indicates that:

Accepted Answer

A)  there was a lot of gas in the magma 
B)  the rock cooled quickly 
C)  the rock broke apart as it flowed 
D)  the rock cooled slowly 
E)  the ash and pumice were hot and became compacted 
A)  there was a lot of gas in the magma 
B)  the rock cooled quickly 
C)  the rock broke apart as it flowed 
D)  the rock cooled slowly 
E)  the ash and pumice were hot and became compacted

Question 18

What generally happens when subduction-derived magma encounters thick continental crust?

Accepted Answer

A)  most magma reaches the surface with minor modification 
B)  the magma solidifies in sheeted dikes with a composition of basalt 
C)  the magma interacts with the crust, forming felsic or intermediate compositions 
D)  the oceanic crust melts 
A)  most magma reaches the surface with minor modification 
B)  the magma solidifies in sheeted dikes with a composition of basalt 
C)  the magma interacts with the crust, forming felsic or intermediate compositions 
D)  the oceanic crust melts

Question 19

Which of the following is characteristic of the Sierra Nevada?

Accepted Answer

A)  peaks and cliffs of gray granite 
B)  a large area of granitic rocks 
C)  metamorphism of rocks within and adjacent to a batholith 
D)  all of these 
A)  peaks and cliffs of gray granite 
B)  a large area of granitic rocks 
C)  metamorphism of rocks within and adjacent to a batholith 
D)  all of these

Question 20

Hot spots in continental settings typically produce:

Accepted Answer

A)  high continental plateaus, such as in Tibet 
B)  lines or clusters of islands 
C)  basaltic lava flows or explosive calderas 
D)  new oceanic crust 
A)  high continental plateaus, such as in Tibet 
B)  lines or clusters of islands 
C)  basaltic lava flows or explosive calderas 
D)  new oceanic crust

Which of the following factors helps magma rise toward Earth's surface?

Which of the letters shown on this figure would most likely have magmas related to a hot spot?

All of the following are tectonic settings where large magma chambers can form EXCEPT:

Which of the letters shown on this figure would most likely include some intermediate to felsic magmas?

When a volcano erodes and the solidified conduit is exposed, it is referred to as a volcanic:

Which letter in this classification table indicates the position of granite?

The geothermal gradient is the:

A volcanic breccia texture indicates that:

Which of the following is common during crystallization of a magma?

The main source of heat energy for the Earth's interior is a direct result of:

Which letter in this classification table indicates the position of rhyolite?

For the letters on this figure, choose the likely cause of melting for Site E.

Which of the following processes could result in a felsic magma?

Which of the following is likely to be true about the magma that formed the left volcanic feature compared to the right one in this figure?

Which of the following minerals would likely crystallize early from magma?

Which of the following is characteristic of continental rifts?

A welded igneous texture indicates that:

What generally happens when subduction-derived magma encounters thick continental crust?

Which of the following is characteristic of the Sierra Nevada?

Hot spots in continental settings typically produce:

The Nature of Geology

Investigating Geologic Questions

Plate Tectonics

Earth Materials

Volcanoes and Volcanic Hazards

Sedimentary Environments

Deformation and Metamorphism

Geologic Time

Seafloor and Continental Margins

Mountains, Basins, and Continents

Earthquakes and Earths Interior

Climate and Weathering

Glaciers, Shorelines, and Changing Sea Levels

Weathering, Soil, and Unstable Slopes

Streams and Flooding

Water Resources

Energy and Mineral Resources

Geology of the Solar System

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Exam 5: Igneous Environments

Which of the following factors helps magma rise toward Earth's surface?

Which of the letters shown on this figure would most likely have magmas related to a hot spot?

All of the following are tectonic settings where large magma chambers can form EXCEPT:

Which of the letters shown on this figure would most likely include some intermediate to felsic magmas?

When a volcano erodes and the solidified conduit is exposed, it is referred to as a volcanic:

Which letter in this classification table indicates the position of granite?

The geothermal gradient is the:

A volcanic breccia texture indicates that:

Which of the following is common during crystallization of a magma?

The main source of heat energy for the Earth's interior is a direct result of:

Which letter in this classification table indicates the position of rhyolite?

For the letters on this figure, choose the likely cause of melting for Site E.

Which of the following processes could result in a felsic magma?

Which of the following is likely to be true about the magma that formed the left volcanic feature compared to the right one in this figure?

Which of the following minerals would likely crystallize early from magma?

Which of the following is characteristic of continental rifts?

A welded igneous texture indicates that:

What generally happens when subduction-derived magma encounters thick continental crust?

Which of the following is characteristic of the Sierra Nevada?

Hot spots in continental settings typically produce:

The Nature of Geology

Investigating Geologic Questions

Plate Tectonics

Earth Materials

Volcanoes and Volcanic Hazards

Sedimentary Environments

Deformation and Metamorphism

Geologic Time

Seafloor and Continental Margins

Mountains, Basins, and Continents

Earthquakes and Earths Interior

Climate and Weathering

Glaciers, Shorelines, and Changing Sea Levels

Weathering, Soil, and Unstable Slopes

Streams and Flooding

Water Resources

Energy and Mineral Resources

Geology of the Solar System

Filters