Question 1

Maria is a member of a chess team.Her ratings of the other members of her team are likely to be __________ her ratings of members of another chess team.

Accepted Answer

A)  the same as 
B)  less varied than 
C)  more positive than 
D)  more negative than 
E)  more varied than 
A)  the same as 
B)  less varied than 
C)  more positive than 
D)  more negative than 
E)  more varied than

Question 2

Prejudice is an attitude.Attitudes include __________,cognitive,and behavioural components.

Accepted Answer

A)  affective 
B)  dominant 
C)  social 
D)  procedural 
E)  illustrative 
A)  affective 
B)  dominant 
C)  social 
D)  procedural 
E)  illustrative

Question 3

Stereotypes are beneficial to the extent that they

Accepted Answer

A)  are selectively applied. 
B)  minimize differences within a group of people. 
C)  simplify a complex social world. 
D)  are generally accurate. 
E)  are reserved for ambiguous situations. 
A)  are selectively applied. 
B)  minimize differences within a group of people. 
C)  simplify a complex social world. 
D)  are generally accurate. 
E)  are reserved for ambiguous situations.

Question 4

_______ characterizes a situation in which two or more groups need each other and must depend on each other to accomplish a goal important to each group.

Accepted Answer

A)  Zero-sum dynamics 
B)  Collectivism 
C)  Group dynamics 
D)  Mutual exclusivity 
E)  Mutual interdependence 
A)  Zero-sum dynamics 
B)  Collectivism 
C)  Group dynamics 
D)  Mutual exclusivity 
E)  Mutual interdependence

Question 5

Prejudice is to discrimination as _______ is/are to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  affect; cognition. 
B)  cognition; stereotypes. 
C)  cognition; affect. 
D)  affect; behaviour. 
E)  behaviour; attitudes. 
A)  affect; cognition. 
B)  cognition; stereotypes. 
C)  cognition; affect. 
D)  affect; behaviour. 
E)  behaviour; attitudes.

Question 6

In what sense is the ultimate attributional error related to attributional concepts like dispositional versus situational attributions?

Accepted Answer

The fundamental attribution error arises

Question 7

Conditions under which contact situations reduce prejudice include

Accepted Answer

A)  stereotype suppression, enhanced independence, and positive affect. 
B)  biased attenuation, schematic interference, and hierarchical status. 
C)  affective suppression, mutual dependence, and repeated contact. 
D)  schematic interference, mutual dependence, and positive affect. 
E)  social norms that promote and support equality among groups, mutual interdependence, and contact in a friendly, informal setting. 
A)  stereotype suppression, enhanced independence, and positive affect. 
B)  biased attenuation, schematic interference, and hierarchical status. 
C)  affective suppression, mutual dependence, and repeated contact. 
D)  schematic interference, mutual dependence, and positive affect. 
E)  social norms that promote and support equality among groups, mutual interdependence, and contact in a friendly, informal setting.

Question 8

Belinda is thinking of joining the women's hockey team at the University.She is,however,concerned that the players on the men's team will mock them because 'girls can't play hockey'.Belinda's beliefs can best be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  a stereotype threat. 
B)  an attribution error. 
C)  disengagement. 
D)  a meta-stereotype. 
E)  disidentification. 
A)  a stereotype threat. 
B)  an attribution error. 
C)  disengagement. 
D)  a meta-stereotype. 
E)  disidentification.

Question 9

Fiona isn't really sure what to believe about Indian immigrants to England,but she knows what her parents and friends think.Because she is concerned with being accepted by these important people in her life,Fiona adopts their beliefs and feelings about this out-group.This example best illustrates _______ as a source of prejudicial attitudes.

Accepted Answer

A)  informational conformity 
B)  competition for scarce resources 
C)  scapegoating 
D)  in-group pride 
E)  normative conformity 
A)  informational conformity 
B)  competition for scarce resources 
C)  scapegoating 
D)  in-group pride 
E)  normative conformity

Question 10

Gaucher and colleagues (2011)found that advertisements for male-dominated jobs had more masculine stereotypical words (e.g.,competitive,dominate)than advertisements for female-dominated jobs.They also found that women were reluctant to apply for such jobs because

Accepted Answer

A)  they expected sexism in the workplace. 
B)  they felt they would not belong in the workplace. 
C)  they found the language offensive. 
D)  they thought they could earn more elsewhere. 
E)  they felt they didn't have the right skills for the job. 
A)  they expected sexism in the workplace. 
B)  they felt they would not belong in the workplace. 
C)  they found the language offensive. 
D)  they thought they could earn more elsewhere. 
E)  they felt they didn't have the right skills for the job.

Question 11

Muzafer Sherif and his colleagues (1961)created conflict between two groups of boys in a summer camp.Intergroup hostility was relatively easy to generate.To do this,the researchers first _______ and then _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  created minimal groups; set up a series of competitive situations. 
B)  created in-group cohesiveness; set up a series of competitive situations. 
C)  set up a series of competitive situations; created in-group cohesiveness. 
D)  created out-group cohesiveness; initiated competitive games. 
E)  created minimal groups; generated frustration by taking away desired objects. 
A)  created minimal groups; set up a series of competitive situations. 
B)  created in-group cohesiveness; set up a series of competitive situations. 
C)  set up a series of competitive situations; created in-group cohesiveness. 
D)  created out-group cohesiveness; initiated competitive games. 
E)  created minimal groups; generated frustration by taking away desired objects.

Question 12

Clément and colleagues (2001; 1996)compared cultural group identification of bilingual francophone and anglophone students at the University of Ottawa.They found that

Accepted Answer

A)  English-speaking francophones identified with anglophones but French-speaking anglophones did not identify with the francophone group. 
B)  the anglophones showed identification with the francophone culture. 
C)  even though students felt competence with the other language, it did not lead to cross identification with the other group. They only identified with their own cultural group. 
D)  as the minority group, francophones strongly identified only with their own culture. 
E)  competence within the other cultural group's language facilitates identification with the other group for both anglophones and francophone students. 
A)  English-speaking francophones identified with anglophones but French-speaking anglophones did not identify with the francophone group. 
B)  the anglophones showed identification with the francophone culture. 
C)  even though students felt competence with the other language, it did not lead to cross identification with the other group. They only identified with their own cultural group. 
D)  as the minority group, francophones strongly identified only with their own culture. 
E)  competence within the other cultural group's language facilitates identification with the other group for both anglophones and francophone students.

Question 13

When Canadian university students were made to focus on the scarcity of jobs in Canada and then were told that a group of immigrants from "Sandir" would be arriving in Canada,they construed (or interpreted)the traits of Sandirians in more negative ways than students who hadn't focused on job scarcity.This result supports

Accepted Answer

A)  the notion that people are particularly likely to make the ultimate attribution error when judging out-groups. 
B)  predictions made by realistic conflict theory. 
C)  predictions made by stereotype priming theory. 
D)  the principle of normative conformity. 
E)  the hypothesis that the emotions a group arouses in us cause stereotypes to be activated. 
A)  the notion that people are particularly likely to make the ultimate attribution error when judging out-groups. 
B)  predictions made by realistic conflict theory. 
C)  predictions made by stereotype priming theory. 
D)  the principle of normative conformity. 
E)  the hypothesis that the emotions a group arouses in us cause stereotypes to be activated.

Question 14

As a researcher you know that,in general,members of a certain society are very prejudiced against gay people.If you want to predict the attitudes of specific group members towards gay people,the best question you could ask would be,

Accepted Answer

A)  "How do you feel about gay marriage?" 
B)  "What kinds of experiences have you had in your interactions with gay people?" 
C)  "What emotions do you feel when you think about gay people?" 
D)  "In what ways do you think the values promoted by the gay community contradict your own personal values?" 
E)  "What kinds of personality traits do you think gay people possess?" 
A)  "How do you feel about gay marriage?" 
B)  "What kinds of experiences have you had in your interactions with gay people?" 
C)  "What emotions do you feel when you think about gay people?" 
D)  "In what ways do you think the values promoted by the gay community contradict your own personal values?" 
E)  "What kinds of personality traits do you think gay people possess?"

Question 15

Describe the two steps in Patricia Devine's two-step model of cognitive processing of stereotypes.

Accepted Answer

The first step is automatic processing o

Question 16

Alice's three children are driving her crazy.They are constantly squabbling,calling one another names,and generally tormenting one another.To preserve what's left of her sanity,Alice has decided to try to convince the youngsters to get along.She promises them that she will take them to a Pixar movie if they will work together to clean their playroom in under 30 minutes.To reduce hostilities,Alice has fulfilled two necessary preconditions for reducing conflict,

Accepted Answer

A)  the reduction of frustration and a common goal. 
B)  reduced stereotype threat and role differentiation 
C)  a neutral setting and role differentiation. 
D)  mutual interdependence and a common goal. 
E)  one-on-one interactions between in-group and out-group members and an informal setting. 
A)  the reduction of frustration and a common goal. 
B)  reduced stereotype threat and role differentiation 
C)  a neutral setting and role differentiation. 
D)  mutual interdependence and a common goal. 
E)  one-on-one interactions between in-group and out-group members and an informal setting.

Question 17

When people see the social norm (the way things are)as the way things are supposed to be,they are involved in a process termed

Accepted Answer

A)  right-wing authoritarianism. 
B)  self-fulfilling prophecy. 
C)  injunctification. 
D)  stereotype threat. 
E)  meta-stereotyping. 
A)  right-wing authoritarianism. 
B)  self-fulfilling prophecy. 
C)  injunctification. 
D)  stereotype threat. 
E)  meta-stereotyping.

Question 18

Research on the extended contact hypothesis (Wright and colleagues)suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of cross-group friendships a person has does not influence levels of prejudice. 
B)  the more people in our ethnic group who have friendships with out-group members, the less prejudiced we are towards that group. 
C)  the more people in our ethnic group who have friendships with out-group members, the more prejudiced we are towards that group. 
D)  cross-group friendships only reduce prejudice if they include ethnic groups who share similar social values. 
E)  cross-group friendships are more likely to reduce prejudice in women than in men. 
A)  the number of cross-group friendships a person has does not influence levels of prejudice. 
B)  the more people in our ethnic group who have friendships with out-group members, the less prejudiced we are towards that group. 
C)  the more people in our ethnic group who have friendships with out-group members, the more prejudiced we are towards that group. 
D)  cross-group friendships only reduce prejudice if they include ethnic groups who share similar social values. 
E)  cross-group friendships are more likely to reduce prejudice in women than in men.

Question 19

Word,Zanna,and Cooper (1974)tested the self-fulfilling prophecy as it relates to prejudice.They observed the differential behaviours of Anglo-American interviewers who interviewed either African-American or Anglo-American job candidates.They then trained other interviewers to imitate these two different interview styles.When the new interviewers later interviewed Anglo-American job applicants,the applicants who were treated as African-Americans had been treated in the first study

Accepted Answer

A)  became more convinced that their initial negative expectations were confirmed. 
B)  actually behaved in less effective and comfortable ways. 
C)  confronted the interviewers and terminated the conversation. 
D)  experienced a loss of self-esteem. 
E)  were in a negative mood state which lead to improved performance. 
A)  became more convinced that their initial negative expectations were confirmed. 
B)  actually behaved in less effective and comfortable ways. 
C)  confronted the interviewers and terminated the conversation. 
D)  experienced a loss of self-esteem. 
E)  were in a negative mood state which lead to improved performance.

Question 20

From a social cognitive perspective,the first step toward prejudice is

Accepted Answer

A)  identification with similar others. 
B)  the categorization of people into groups. 
C)  the preference we give to in-groups. 
D)  our tendency to disparage out-groups. 
E)  identification with the out-group. 
A)  identification with similar others. 
B)  the categorization of people into groups. 
C)  the preference we give to in-groups. 
D)  our tendency to disparage out-groups. 
E)  identification with the out-group.

Maria is a member of a chess team.Her ratings of the other members of her team are likely to be __________ her ratings of members of another chess team.

Prejudice is an attitude.Attitudes include __________,cognitive,and behavioural components.

Stereotypes are beneficial to the extent that they

_______ characterizes a situation in which two or more groups need each other and must depend on each other to accomplish a goal important to each group.

Prejudice is to discrimination as _ is/are to _.

In what sense is the ultimate attributional error related to attributional concepts like dispositional versus situational attributions?

Conditions under which contact situations reduce prejudice include

Belinda is thinking of joining the women's hockey team at the University.She is,however,concerned that the players on the men's team will mock them because 'girls can't play hockey'.Belinda's beliefs can best be described as

Gaucher and colleagues (2011)found that advertisements for male-dominated jobs had more masculine stereotypical words (e.g.,competitive,dominate)than advertisements for female-dominated jobs.They also found that women were reluctant to apply for such jobs because

Muzafer Sherif and his colleagues (1961)created conflict between two groups of boys in a summer camp.Intergroup hostility was relatively easy to generate.To do this,the researchers first _ and then _.

Clément and colleagues (2001; 1996)compared cultural group identification of bilingual francophone and anglophone students at the University of Ottawa.They found that

As a researcher you know that,in general,members of a certain society are very prejudiced against gay people.If you want to predict the attitudes of specific group members towards gay people,the best question you could ask would be,

Describe the two steps in Patricia Devine's two-step model of cognitive processing of stereotypes.

When people see the social norm (the way things are)as the way things are supposed to be,they are involved in a process termed

Research on the extended contact hypothesis (Wright and colleagues)suggests that

From a social cognitive perspective,the first step toward prejudice is

Introduction to Social Psychology

Methodology

Social Cognition

Social Perception

The Self Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Attitudes and Attitude Change

Conformity

Group Processes

Interpersonal Attraction

Prosocial Behaviour

Aggression

Social Psychology in Action 1

Social Psychology in Action 2

Social Psychology in Action 3

Filters

Exam 12: Prejudice

Maria is a member of a chess team.Her ratings of the other members of her team are likely to be __________ her ratings of members of another chess team.

Prejudice is an attitude.Attitudes include __________,cognitive,and behavioural components.

Stereotypes are beneficial to the extent that they

_______ characterizes a situation in which two or more groups need each other and must depend on each other to accomplish a goal important to each group.

Prejudice is to discrimination as _______ is/are to _______.

In what sense is the ultimate attributional error related to attributional concepts like dispositional versus situational attributions?

Conditions under which contact situations reduce prejudice include

Belinda is thinking of joining the women's hockey team at the University.She is,however,concerned that the players on the men's team will mock them because 'girls can't play hockey'.Belinda's beliefs can best be described as

Gaucher and colleagues (2011)found that advertisements for male-dominated jobs had more masculine stereotypical words (e.g.,competitive,dominate)than advertisements for female-dominated jobs.They also found that women were reluctant to apply for such jobs because

Muzafer Sherif and his colleagues (1961)created conflict between two groups of boys in a summer camp.Intergroup hostility was relatively easy to generate.To do this,the researchers first _______ and then _______.

Clément and colleagues (2001; 1996)compared cultural group identification of bilingual francophone and anglophone students at the University of Ottawa.They found that

As a researcher you know that,in general,members of a certain society are very prejudiced against gay people.If you want to predict the attitudes of specific group members towards gay people,the best question you could ask would be,

Describe the two steps in Patricia Devine's two-step model of cognitive processing of stereotypes.

When people see the social norm (the way things are)as the way things are supposed to be,they are involved in a process termed

Research on the extended contact hypothesis (Wright and colleagues)suggests that

From a social cognitive perspective,the first step toward prejudice is

Introduction to Social Psychology

Methodology

Social Cognition

Social Perception

The Self Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Attitudes and Attitude Change

Conformity

Group Processes

Interpersonal Attraction

Prosocial Behaviour

Aggression

Social Psychology in Action 1

Social Psychology in Action 2

Social Psychology in Action 3

Filters

Prejudice is to discrimination as _ is/are to _.

Muzafer Sherif and his colleagues (1961)created conflict between two groups of boys in a summer camp.Intergroup hostility was relatively easy to generate.To do this,the researchers first _ and then _.