Question 1

In DeWall and Bushman's (2009)study of the impact on aggression of heat- or cold-related words,participants exposed to ________ words showed more ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cold-related; aggressive word completions. 
B)  heat-related; non-aggressive word completions. 
C)  cold-related; hostile attributions to others behaviour. 
D)  heat-related; hostile attributions to others behaviour. 
E)  heat-related; non-hostile attributions to others behaviour. 
A)  cold-related; aggressive word completions. 
B)  heat-related; non-aggressive word completions. 
C)  cold-related; hostile attributions to others behaviour. 
D)  heat-related; hostile attributions to others behaviour. 
E)  heat-related; non-hostile attributions to others behaviour.

Question 2

According to Leonard Berkowitz and Anthony LePage (1967),human beings

Accepted Answer

A)  unlike animals, possess no clear means to halt aggression once it starts. 
B)  possess a large brain, which suggests that there is no inborn tendency to aggress. 
C)  seem to have an inborn tendency to aggress against certain provocative stimuli. 
D)  often engage in hostile aggression, but seldom engage in instrumental aggression. 
E)  often engage in instrumental aggression, but seldom engage in hostile aggression. 
A)  unlike animals, possess no clear means to halt aggression once it starts. 
B)  possess a large brain, which suggests that there is no inborn tendency to aggress. 
C)  seem to have an inborn tendency to aggress against certain provocative stimuli. 
D)  often engage in hostile aggression, but seldom engage in instrumental aggression. 
E)  often engage in instrumental aggression, but seldom engage in hostile aggression.

Question 3

According to social psychological research (e.g.,Bower & Hilgard,1981),what are the "ideal conditions" for punishment to be an effective deterrent to violence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Punishment must be severe, certain, and unavoidable. 
B)  Punishment must be swift, certain, and unavoidable. 
C)  Punishment must be fair, certain, and moderate. 
D)  Punishment must be swift, severe, and unavoidable. 
E)  Punishment must be moderate, fair, and occasionally avoidable. 
A)  Punishment must be severe, certain, and unavoidable. 
B)  Punishment must be swift, certain, and unavoidable. 
C)  Punishment must be fair, certain, and moderate. 
D)  Punishment must be swift, severe, and unavoidable. 
E)  Punishment must be moderate, fair, and occasionally avoidable.

Question 4

A steady diet of violent television fare can encourage aggression in children,who are consequently _______ respond aggressively in real life.

Accepted Answer

A)  incidentally taught to 
B)  severely punished when they 
C)  encouraged by their parents to 
D)  rewarded when they 
E)  frustrated and therefore motivated to 
A)  incidentally taught to 
B)  severely punished when they 
C)  encouraged by their parents to 
D)  rewarded when they 
E)  frustrated and therefore motivated to

Question 5

Based on research conducted with nonhuman animals,it is reasonable to conclude that aggression

Accepted Answer

A)  may be instinctive-very few species are able to suppress aggressive urges. 
B)  is instinctive in all species except humans. 
C)  is not inevitable, but instead an optional strategy. 
D)  is not instinctive, but rather solely a result of learned processes. 
E)  is only instinctive in "lower" animals. 
A)  may be instinctive-very few species are able to suppress aggressive urges. 
B)  is instinctive in all species except humans. 
C)  is not inevitable, but instead an optional strategy. 
D)  is not instinctive, but rather solely a result of learned processes. 
E)  is only instinctive in "lower" animals.

Question 6

According to Fehr and colleagues (1999),participants expected that when they were angry with someone,if they ______________,then the other person would ___________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  expressed their anger in postitive, constructive ways; still respond negatively to the conflict 
B)  expressed their anger in positive, constructive ways; take that as a sign of weakness and use it to their advantage 
C)  expressed their anger in negative ways; treat them with more respect 
D)  expressed their anger in negative ways; react more positively 
E)  expressed their anger in positive, constructive ways; react more positively 
A)  expressed their anger in postitive, constructive ways; still respond negatively to the conflict 
B)  expressed their anger in positive, constructive ways; take that as a sign of weakness and use it to their advantage 
C)  expressed their anger in negative ways; treat them with more respect 
D)  expressed their anger in negative ways; react more positively 
E)  expressed their anger in positive, constructive ways; react more positively

Question 7

Several factors can increase frustration and accordingly will increase the probability that some form of aggression will occur.Which of the following is NOT one of these factors?

Accepted Answer

A)  unexpectedness 
B)  closeness to the goal or object of your desire 
C)  alcohol consumption 
D)  relative deprivation 
E)  someone intentionally causes you to become frustrated 
A)  unexpectedness 
B)  closeness to the goal or object of your desire 
C)  alcohol consumption 
D)  relative deprivation 
E)  someone intentionally causes you to become frustrated

Question 8

Sara has tried for an hour to retrieve her ball from the roof of the house,without success.She's growing increasingly frustrated and has begun to yell at her friends.Her father intervenes to halt her aggression and suggests that Sara go into the garage and scream until her throat hurts and her ears ring.Sara's father is apparently a proponent of _______ as a means of reducing aggression.

Accepted Answer

A)  reaction formation 
B)  projection 
C)  catharsis 
D)  displacement 
E)  frustration-aggression theory 
A)  reaction formation 
B)  projection 
C)  catharsis 
D)  displacement 
E)  frustration-aggression theory

Question 9

Which of the following is the best example of hostile aggression?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bernie is angry at his mother and screams at her, "I hate you!" 
B)  Walter is angry and ignores a friend's request for a favour until he calms down. 
C)  Angela threatens her younger brother to force him to give up his toy. 
D)  A lineman sacks a quarterback to put him out of the game. 
E)  An angry driver loses control and runs his car into a ditch. 
A)  Bernie is angry at his mother and screams at her, "I hate you!" 
B)  Walter is angry and ignores a friend's request for a favour until he calms down. 
C)  Angela threatens her younger brother to force him to give up his toy. 
D)  A lineman sacks a quarterback to put him out of the game. 
E)  An angry driver loses control and runs his car into a ditch.

Question 10

How would a cognitive dissonance theorist counter the Freudian argument that catharsis,blowing off steam to relieve the build-up of destructive aggressive impulses,will reduce aggression? Use an example of yelling or using sarcasm to vent our anger at someone who has angered us.

Accepted Answer

Dissonance theorists would argue that le

Question 11

In an experiment in which participants were insulted either before or after they learned that the offender was upset due to a low grade (Johnson & Rule,1986),participants were more likely to retaliate when the situation was explained to them after the insult.These results support the idea that provocation is less likely to result in an aggressive response when

Accepted Answer

A)  those who provoke us apologize before we are provoked. 
B)  those who provoke us apologize after we are provoked. 
C)  we learn of mitigating circumstance ahead of time. 
D)  we can empathize with those who provoke us. 
E)  those who provoke us have an excuse for their behaviour. 
A)  those who provoke us apologize before we are provoked. 
B)  those who provoke us apologize after we are provoked. 
C)  we learn of mitigating circumstance ahead of time. 
D)  we can empathize with those who provoke us. 
E)  those who provoke us have an excuse for their behaviour.

Question 12

In a carefully controlled experiment,Neil Malamuth and James Check (1981)found that male participants were more accepting of violence against women after watching a film that portrayed

Accepted Answer

A)  women in consensual bondage situations. 
B)  explicit sexual activity 
C)  consensual sex. 
D)  women as sex objects. 
E)  sexual violence. 
A)  women in consensual bondage situations. 
B)  explicit sexual activity 
C)  consensual sex. 
D)  women as sex objects. 
E)  sexual violence.

Question 13

According to most social psychologists,aggression is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  any behaviour that inflicts emotional damage on another person. 
B)  behaviour intended to cause harm to or pain in another. 
C)  the intention to relieve frustration by harming another. 
D)  any action that results in physical or psychological pain in another. 
E)  the infliction of harm or pain on another. 
A)  any behaviour that inflicts emotional damage on another person. 
B)  behaviour intended to cause harm to or pain in another. 
C)  the intention to relieve frustration by harming another. 
D)  any action that results in physical or psychological pain in another. 
E)  the infliction of harm or pain on another.

Question 14

Grant (2008)asked skilled immigrants from Asia and Africa about their feelings when credentials earned in their country of origin were not recognized in Canada.Participants showed anger,frustration,and resentment.The authors explained this as due to

Accepted Answer

A)  frustration-aggression. 
B)  social exclusion. 
C)  relative deprivation. 
D)  aggressive stimuli. 
E)  provocation. 
A)  frustration-aggression. 
B)  social exclusion. 
C)  relative deprivation. 
D)  aggressive stimuli. 
E)  provocation.

Question 15

According to the relation between frustration and aggression,who is most likely to get into an argument with someone who cuts in line ahead of him or her?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alicia, who only has one item at the drug store 
B)  Alinda, who is in line to pay for a parking ticket 
C)  Barbara, who is the next in line at the grocery store check-out counter 
D)  Tim, who has been waiting two hours to buy concert tickets 
E)  Hector, who is last in line for movie tickets 
A)  Alicia, who only has one item at the drug store 
B)  Alinda, who is in line to pay for a parking ticket 
C)  Barbara, who is the next in line at the grocery store check-out counter 
D)  Tim, who has been waiting two hours to buy concert tickets 
E)  Hector, who is last in line for movie tickets

Question 16

Allison's boyfriend Billy has missed her birthday again.What should Billy do to diffuse Allison's impulse to be aggressive towards him?

Accepted Answer

A)  He should not apologize and instead try to make her forget about his mistake. 
B)  He should make joke out of the situation. 
C)  He should just apologize sincerely for forgetting. 
D)  He should ask her friends to apologize to her for him. 
E)  He should look for a new girlfriend. 
A)  He should not apologize and instead try to make her forget about his mistake. 
B)  He should make joke out of the situation. 
C)  He should just apologize sincerely for forgetting. 
D)  He should ask her friends to apologize to her for him. 
E)  He should look for a new girlfriend.

Question 17

A preschool teacher encourages an angry child to "use your words" to express anger at another child.In essence,the teacher is encouraging _________,which reduces aggression.

Accepted Answer

A)  catharsis 
B)  passivity 
C)  empathy 
D)  communication 
E)  apologies 
A)  catharsis 
B)  passivity 
C)  empathy 
D)  communication 
E)  apologies

Question 18

One determinant of whether we will respond aggressively when provoked is whether

Accepted Answer

A)  provocation was relational or instrumental. 
B)  the offending party is older or younger than us. 
C)  the provocation was physical or psychological. 
D)  provocation takes the form of a threat. 
E)  we perceive the provocation as intentional. 
A)  provocation was relational or instrumental. 
B)  the offending party is older or younger than us. 
C)  the provocation was physical or psychological. 
D)  provocation takes the form of a threat. 
E)  we perceive the provocation as intentional.

Question 19

Ethologist Irenaus Eibl-Eibesfeldt (1963)raised rats in isolation.When other rats were finally introduced into their cages,rats raised alone _______,suggesting that _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  fled from the new rats; aggression must be learned. 
B)  used the same aggressive behaviours as other rats; aggression need not be learned. 
C)  did not aggress against them; instrumental aggression does not exist in nonhumans. 
D)  could not defend themselves; aggression is learned. 
E)  become more aggressive than other rates; isolation leads to aggression. 
A)  fled from the new rats; aggression must be learned. 
B)  used the same aggressive behaviours as other rats; aggression need not be learned. 
C)  did not aggress against them; instrumental aggression does not exist in nonhumans. 
D)  could not defend themselves; aggression is learned. 
E)  become more aggressive than other rates; isolation leads to aggression.

Question 20

During the turbulent 1960s,national leaders were concerned about a phenomenon they called "the long,hot summer." They were concerned,given an unpopular war and strained race relations,that civil unrest and even riots would occur during the summer months.Was their concern justified or is the idea of the long,hot summer a myth?

Accepted Answer

The evidence suggests that bodily discom

In DeWall and Bushman's (2009)study of the impact on aggression of heat- or cold-related words,participants exposed to words showed more .

According to Leonard Berkowitz and Anthony LePage (1967),human beings

According to social psychological research (e.g.,Bower & Hilgard,1981),what are the "ideal conditions" for punishment to be an effective deterrent to violence?

A steady diet of violent television fare can encourage aggression in children,who are consequently _______ respond aggressively in real life.

Based on research conducted with nonhuman animals,it is reasonable to conclude that aggression

According to Fehr and colleagues (1999),participants expected that when they were angry with someone,if they ,then the other person would _____.

Several factors can increase frustration and accordingly will increase the probability that some form of aggression will occur.Which of the following is NOT one of these factors?

Which of the following is the best example of hostile aggression?

How would a cognitive dissonance theorist counter the Freudian argument that catharsis,blowing off steam to relieve the build-up of destructive aggressive impulses,will reduce aggression? Use an example of yelling or using sarcasm to vent our anger at someone who has angered us.

In a carefully controlled experiment,Neil Malamuth and James Check (1981)found that male participants were more accepting of violence against women after watching a film that portrayed

According to most social psychologists,aggression is defined as

Grant (2008)asked skilled immigrants from Asia and Africa about their feelings when credentials earned in their country of origin were not recognized in Canada.Participants showed anger,frustration,and resentment.The authors explained this as due to

According to the relation between frustration and aggression,who is most likely to get into an argument with someone who cuts in line ahead of him or her?

Allison's boyfriend Billy has missed her birthday again.What should Billy do to diffuse Allison's impulse to be aggressive towards him?

A preschool teacher encourages an angry child to "use your words" to express anger at another child.In essence,the teacher is encouraging _________,which reduces aggression.

One determinant of whether we will respond aggressively when provoked is whether

Ethologist Irenaus Eibl-Eibesfeldt (1963)raised rats in isolation.When other rats were finally introduced into their cages,rats raised alone _,suggesting that _.

Introduction to Social Psychology

Methodology

Social Cognition

Social Perception

The Self Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Attitudes and Attitude Change

Conformity

Group Processes

Interpersonal Attraction

Prosocial Behaviour

Prejudice

Social Psychology in Action 1

Social Psychology in Action 2

Social Psychology in Action 3

Filters

Exam 11: Aggression

In DeWall and Bushman's (2009)study of the impact on aggression of heat- or cold-related words,participants exposed to ________ words showed more ________.

According to Leonard Berkowitz and Anthony LePage (1967),human beings

According to social psychological research (e.g.,Bower & Hilgard,1981),what are the "ideal conditions" for punishment to be an effective deterrent to violence?

A steady diet of violent television fare can encourage aggression in children,who are consequently _______ respond aggressively in real life.

Based on research conducted with nonhuman animals,it is reasonable to conclude that aggression

According to Fehr and colleagues (1999),participants expected that when they were angry with someone,if they ______________,then the other person would ___________________.

Several factors can increase frustration and accordingly will increase the probability that some form of aggression will occur.Which of the following is NOT one of these factors?

Which of the following is the best example of hostile aggression?

How would a cognitive dissonance theorist counter the Freudian argument that catharsis,blowing off steam to relieve the build-up of destructive aggressive impulses,will reduce aggression? Use an example of yelling or using sarcasm to vent our anger at someone who has angered us.

In a carefully controlled experiment,Neil Malamuth and James Check (1981)found that male participants were more accepting of violence against women after watching a film that portrayed

According to most social psychologists,aggression is defined as

Grant (2008)asked skilled immigrants from Asia and Africa about their feelings when credentials earned in their country of origin were not recognized in Canada.Participants showed anger,frustration,and resentment.The authors explained this as due to

According to the relation between frustration and aggression,who is most likely to get into an argument with someone who cuts in line ahead of him or her?

Allison's boyfriend Billy has missed her birthday again.What should Billy do to diffuse Allison's impulse to be aggressive towards him?

A preschool teacher encourages an angry child to "use your words" to express anger at another child.In essence,the teacher is encouraging _________,which reduces aggression.

One determinant of whether we will respond aggressively when provoked is whether

Ethologist Irenaus Eibl-Eibesfeldt (1963)raised rats in isolation.When other rats were finally introduced into their cages,rats raised alone _______,suggesting that _______.

Introduction to Social Psychology

Methodology

Social Cognition

Social Perception

The Self Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

Attitudes and Attitude Change

Conformity

Group Processes

Interpersonal Attraction

Prosocial Behaviour

Prejudice

Social Psychology in Action 1

Social Psychology in Action 2

Social Psychology in Action 3

Filters

In DeWall and Bushman's (2009)study of the impact on aggression of heat- or cold-related words,participants exposed to words showed more .

According to Fehr and colleagues (1999),participants expected that when they were angry with someone,if they ,then the other person would _____.

Ethologist Irenaus Eibl-Eibesfeldt (1963)raised rats in isolation.When other rats were finally introduced into their cages,rats raised alone _,suggesting that _.