Exam 3: Social Cognition

Recall Dr.Robert Marion,who was the first physician to correctly diagnose a 9-year-old girl with a rare disease.He explains that "doctors are just like everyone else.We go to the movies,watch TV,read newspapers and novels.If we happen to see a patient who has symptoms of a rare disease that was featured on the previous night's 'Movie of the Week,' we're more likely to consider that condition when making a diagnosis." In essence,Dr.Marion is describing the _______ heuristic.

In a controlled experiment,Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968)informed grade school teachers that some of their students (called "bloomers")would show great academic improvement in the upcoming year.In reality,the "bloomers" were chosen randomly by the researchers,and were no smarter than any of the other students.Which of the following best describes the results of this study? At the end of the year,

Why do schemas differ from culture to culture?

People are most likely to use judgmental heuristics when

Which of the following can be considered good examples of schemas?

Recall that Christopher Davis and his colleagues (1995)interviewed people who had suffered the loss of a spouse or child.They found that the more ____________,the more distress the survivors reported.

When Frederic Bartlett (1932)interviewed both a Scotsman and a Bantu herdsman about the particulars of a cattle transaction,the Scot _______,whereas the Bantu herdsman _______.

Recall Victoria Medvec and her colleagues' (1995)study of the emotions experienced by Olympic athletes who won bronze and silver medals.If silver medalists out-performed bronze medalists,why were they less happy?

Which specific mental shortcut does the text suggest causes the Barnum effect?

What is automatic thinking,and in what sense does the use of schemas and heuristics reflect automatic processing?

You've rented the movie Sophie's Choice.There is a scene in which Sophie,a recent immigrant from Poland,is both surprised and amused that Americans have so many words for the concept "fast." She reports that in Polish,there is only one word.You've just read Chapter 3 (Social Cognition),and a friend asks you why the cultures differ in that regard.What would you say?

Holistic thinking is to ________ as analytic thinking is to ________.

________ are the cognitive structures we use to organize our knowledge of the social world.

Most people,when asked,guess that more people die from grisly accidents than from strokes.This is probably due to the greater number of accidental deaths reported in the media,and thus,due to

Adele is from France,where rabbits are eaten regularly.She can tell you the most tender part of the rabbit,how long to cook one,and how big a rabbit you would need to feed five people.Marsha is from the United States,where rabbits are pets,and bring coloured eggs to children in the spring.She hasn't a clue about how to cook one,even if she wanted to.This example best illustrates

Williams and Bargh (2008)asked participants to hold either a cup of hot coffee or a cup of iced coffee.Compared to those who held the iced coffee,the participants who held the hot coffee

In general,_______ represent knowledge to which we often apply _______.

Sometimes traits are chronically accessible due to past experience.Other times,traits are accessible for more arbitrary reasons,such as what we're currently thinking about.Social psychologists use the term ________ to describe the latter case.

Some participants in a study by Tory Higgins and his colleagues (1977)memorized "positive" trait adjectives (e.g.,adventurous,neat); others memorized "negative" adjectives (e.g.,reckless,disrespectful).All participants then read an ambiguous description of a person named Donald and formed an impression of him.Some,but not all,negative adjectives led to negative interpretations of Donald's actions,and some,but not all,positive adjectives led to positive interpretations of those same actions.These results suggest that thoughts must be both _______ and _______ before they influence our impressions.

How do cultural differences in thinking styles affect what we notice in the environment? Describe one study that demonstrates different patterns of attention as a function of culture.