Question 1

The abbreviation for glucose is .

Accepted Answer

A)  glu 
B)  gcs 
C)  glc 
D)  gluc 
A)  glu 
B)  gcs 
C)  glc 
D)  gluc

Question 2

The functional group shown is a/an .

Accepted Answer

A)  hemiacetal 
B)  hemiketal 
C)  acetal 
D)  ketal 
A)  hemiacetal 
B)  hemiketal 
C)  acetal 
D)  ketal

Question 3

Both nucleotides and nucleosides are glycosides.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

What distinguishes an aldonic acid from an alduronic acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  The oxidation of the aldehyde group in an aldonic acid and the oxidation of the highest numbered carbon in the alduronic acid. 
B)  Aldonic acids are derivatives of aldoses, alduronic acids are derivatives of ketoses. 
C)  Aldonic acids are oxidized forms of linear monosaccharides; alduronic acids are oxidized forms of cyclic monosaccharides. 
D)  The two terms are synonyms and are used interchangeably. 
A)  The oxidation of the aldehyde group in an aldonic acid and the oxidation of the highest numbered carbon in the alduronic acid. 
B)  Aldonic acids are derivatives of aldoses, alduronic acids are derivatives of ketoses. 
C)  Aldonic acids are oxidized forms of linear monosaccharides; alduronic acids are oxidized forms of cyclic monosaccharides. 
D)  The two terms are synonyms and are used interchangeably.

Question 5

Homoglycans are used for storage, while heteroglycans are used for cell structure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Cellulose is not highly branched because it

Accepted Answer

A)  does not have a polysaccharide backbone. 
B)  it does not have a-1→6) linkages. 
C)  it does not have β-1→4) linkages. 
D)  it is insoluble in water. 
A)  does not have a polysaccharide backbone. 
B)  it does not have a-1→6) linkages. 
C)  it does not have β-1→4) linkages. 
D)  it is insoluble in water.

Question 7

Examine the Fischer projection below. How is this carbohydrate classified?

Accepted Answer

A)  L enantiomer; aldopentose 
B)  L enantiomer; ketopentose 
C)  D enantiomer; aldohexose 
D)  D enantiomer; ketopentose 
A)  L enantiomer; aldopentose 
B)  L enantiomer; ketopentose 
C)  D enantiomer; aldohexose 
D)  D enantiomer; ketopentose

Question 8

The chemical name for table sugar is and it is a .

Accepted Answer

A)  lactose; monosaccharide 
B)  lactose; disaccharide 
C)  sucrose; monosaccharide 
D)  sucrose; disaccharide 
A)  lactose; monosaccharide 
B)  lactose; disaccharide 
C)  sucrose; monosaccharide 
D)  sucrose; disaccharide

Question 9

The heteroglycan component of the cell wall is the same in all bacteria, but the cross-linking polypeptide is not.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Enzymes in the human intestine which are needed to degrade plant starch into limit dextrin are

Accepted Answer

A)  a-Amylase. 
B)  β-Amylase. 
C)  debranching enzymes. 
D)  A and B 
E)  A, B, and C 
A)  a-Amylase. 
B)  β-Amylase. 
C)  debranching enzymes. 
D)  A and B 
E)  A, B, and C

Question 11

Unlike proteins, whose primary structures are encoded in DNA, polysaccharides have very little structural variations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The structures of D-ribose and D-arabinose are shown below. These two molecules are .

Accepted Answer

A)  epimers 
B)  enantiomers 
C)  tautomers 
D)  anomers 
A)  epimers 
B)  enantiomers 
C)  tautomers 
D)  anomers

Question 13

Chitin is

Accepted Answer

A)  found in insect and crustacean shells. 
B)  found in fungi cell walls. 
C)  composed of N-acetylglucosamine subunits. 
D)  composed of linear fibrils like cellulose. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  found in insect and crustacean shells. 
B)  found in fungi cell walls. 
C)  composed of N-acetylglucosamine subunits. 
D)  composed of linear fibrils like cellulose. 
E)  All of the above

Question 14

Examine the cyclic D-monosaccharide shown below. The ring structure is the and the linear form of this monosaccharide must be a/an .

Accepted Answer

A)  α anomer; ketose 
B)  β anomer; ketose 
C)  α anomer; aldose 
D)  β anomer; aldose 
A)  α anomer; ketose 
B)  β anomer; ketose 
C)  α anomer; aldose 
D)  β anomer; aldose

Question 15

The major proteoglycan in cartilage is .

Accepted Answer

A)  hyaluronic acid 
B)  cellobiose 
C)  link protein 
D)  aggrecan 
A)  hyaluronic acid 
B)  cellobiose 
C)  link protein 
D)  aggrecan

Question 16

The main reasons that glycoproteins are so diverse when compared to other proteoglycans are

Accepted Answer

A)  they may contain different sugars in different combinations and chain lengths. 
B)  β or a-glycosidic linkages may join various carbon atoms in the sugars. 
C)  they are found in both bacterial, plant and animal cells. 
D)  A and B 
E)  All of the above 
A)  they may contain different sugars in different combinations and chain lengths. 
B)  β or a-glycosidic linkages may join various carbon atoms in the sugars. 
C)  they are found in both bacterial, plant and animal cells. 
D)  A and B 
E)  All of the above

Question 17

The structure of D-arabinose is shown below. How many stereoisomers are possible for this molecule including the one shown)?

Accepted Answer

A)  one 
B)  four 
C)  six 
D)  eight 
A)  one 
B)  four 
C)  six 
D)  eight

Question 18

For cattle, cellulose is a storage homoglycan.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Steric strain is a major factor in determining the conformations of a monosaccharide that predominate in solution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which is true about naturally occurring monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

A)  The L-isomers predominate. 
B)  The D-isomers predominate. 
C)  The L and D-isomers occur in equal ratios. 
D)  The ratio of L and D-isomers varies widely depending on the source. 
A)  The L-isomers predominate. 
B)  The D-isomers predominate. 
C)  The L and D-isomers occur in equal ratios. 
D)  The ratio of L and D-isomers varies widely depending on the source.

Exam 8: Carbohydrates

The abbreviation for glucose is .

The functional group shown is a/an .

Both nucleotides and nucleosides are glycosides.

What distinguishes an aldonic acid from an alduronic acid?

Homoglycans are used for storage, while heteroglycans are used for cell structure.

Cellulose is not highly branched because it

Examine the Fischer projection below. How is this carbohydrate classified?

The chemical name for table sugar is and it is a .

The heteroglycan component of the cell wall is the same in all bacteria, but the cross-linking polypeptide is not.

Enzymes in the human intestine which are needed to degrade plant starch into limit dextrin are

Unlike proteins, whose primary structures are encoded in DNA, polysaccharides have very little structural variations.

The structures of D-ribose and D-arabinose are shown below. These two molecules are .

Chitin is

Examine the cyclic D-monosaccharide shown below. The ring structure is the and the linear form of this monosaccharide must be a/an .

The major proteoglycan in cartilage is .

The main reasons that glycoproteins are so diverse when compared to other proteoglycans are

The structure of D-arabinose is shown below. How many stereoisomers are possible for this molecule including the one shown)?

For cattle, cellulose is a storage homoglycan.

Steric strain is a major factor in determining the conformations of a monosaccharide that predominate in solution.

Which is true about naturally occurring monosaccharides?

Introduction to Biochemistry

Water

Amino Acids and the Primary Structures of Proteins

Proteins: Three-Dimensional Structure and Function

Properties of Enzymes

Mechanisms of Enzymes

Coenzymes and Vitamins

Lipids and Membranes

Introduction to Metabolism

Glycolysis

Gluconeogenesis, the Pentose Phosphate Pathway, and Glycogen Metabolism

The Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleotide Metabolism

Nucleic Acids

Dna Replication, Repair, and Recombination

Transcription and Rna Processing

Protein Synthesis

Recombinant Dna Technology

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