Question 1

Soy is rich in

Accepted Answer

A)  glucosinolates. 
B)  lignans. 
C)  organosuphides 
D)  isoflavones. 
A)  glucosinolates. 
B)  lignans. 
C)  organosuphides 
D)  isoflavones.

Question 2

Dietary fibers are mainly provided by

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins that have been heated with sugars. 
B)  plant cell walls. 
C)  chitin and chitosan. 
D)  plant gums. 
A)  proteins that have been heated with sugars. 
B)  plant cell walls. 
C)  chitin and chitosan. 
D)  plant gums.

Question 3

Which fiber component is provided primarily by the outer layers of cereal grains?

Accepted Answer

A)  lignin 
B)  pectin 
C)  fructans 
D)  cellulose 
A)  lignin 
B)  pectin 
C)  fructans 
D)  cellulose

Question 4

By what mechanism do soluble fibers decrease the absorption of lipids?

Accepted Answer

A)  by increasing growth of bacteria that use the lipids 
B)  by lowering blood cholesterol 
C)  by adsorbing/interacting with lipids 
D)  by reducing mineral absorption 
A)  by increasing growth of bacteria that use the lipids 
B)  by lowering blood cholesterol 
C)  by adsorbing/interacting with lipids 
D)  by reducing mineral absorption

Question 5

Which volatile short-chain fatty acid is believed to lower serum cholesterol by acting as an inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetic 
B)  butyric 
C)  propionic 
D)  palmitic 
A)  acetic 
B)  butyric 
C)  propionic 
D)  palmitic

Question 6

Which group of high-fiber foods contains the greatest quantities of hemicellulose?

Accepted Answer

A)  legumes 
B)  whole-grain cereals and bran 
C)  fruits 
D)  vegetables 
A)  legumes 
B)  whole-grain cereals and bran 
C)  fruits 
D)  vegetables

Question 7

What are the hydrocolloids that are secreted at a site of injury on a plant or surround the endosperm of some seeds and that are used as thickening agents?

Accepted Answer

A)  lignin 
B)  cellulose 
C)  pectins 
D)  gums 
A)  lignin 
B)  cellulose 
C)  pectins 
D)  gums

Question 8

Common food sources of fructans are _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  strawberries, apples, and citrus fruits 
B)  whole grains 
C)  chicory, onions, and Jerusalem artichokes 
D)  legumes 
A)  strawberries, apples, and citrus fruits 
B)  whole grains 
C)  chicory, onions, and Jerusalem artichokes 
D)  legumes

Question 9

Regulation of herbal supplements in the United States

Accepted Answer

A)  is separate from the regulation of vitamins. 
B)  guarantees that the herbal supplements are safe and effective. 
C)  falls under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994. 
D)  requires that therapeutic claims be clearly listed on the label. 
A)  is separate from the regulation of vitamins. 
B)  guarantees that the herbal supplements are safe and effective. 
C)  falls under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994. 
D)  requires that therapeutic claims be clearly listed on the label.

Question 10

Dietary fiber is currently defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  carbohydrates and lignin that are nondigestible by human enzymes and are intact and intrinsic in plants. 
B)  carbohydrates that are nondigestible by human enzymes, have been isolated, extracted or manufactured, and have been shown to have beneficial physiological effects in humans. 
C)  crude fiber. 
D)  the same as functional fiber. 
A)  carbohydrates and lignin that are nondigestible by human enzymes and are intact and intrinsic in plants. 
B)  carbohydrates that are nondigestible by human enzymes, have been isolated, extracted or manufactured, and have been shown to have beneficial physiological effects in humans. 
C)  crude fiber. 
D)  the same as functional fiber.

Question 11

What are the homopolymers of glucopyranose found in cereal brans such as oats and barley that are effective in reducing serum cholesterol?

Accepted Answer

A)  beta-glucans 
B)  fructans 
C)  fructooligosaccharides 
D)  chitin 
A)  beta-glucans 
B)  fructans 
C)  fructooligosaccharides 
D)  chitin

Question 12

Which of the following fibers stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria and thus are considered prebiotics?

Accepted Answer

A)  lignins 
B)  fructans 
C)  beta-glucans 
D)  cellulose 
A)  lignins 
B)  fructans 
C)  beta-glucans 
D)  cellulose

Question 13

The kind and amount of phytochemicals in a plant varies with

Accepted Answer

A)  environmental conditions during plant growth. 
B)  stage of ripeness. 
C)  storage conditions. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  environmental conditions during plant growth. 
B)  stage of ripeness. 
C)  storage conditions. 
D)  all of the above

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a form of resistant starch?

Accepted Answer

A)  natural starch in cell walls of steel-cut oats 
B)  natural starch in hot corn starch pudding 
C)  starch crystals in cooled, cooked foods, such as potatoes 
D)  chemically modified starch, such as cross-bonded starch 
A)  natural starch in cell walls of steel-cut oats 
B)  natural starch in hot corn starch pudding 
C)  starch crystals in cooled, cooked foods, such as potatoes 
D)  chemically modified starch, such as cross-bonded starch

Question 15

Three short-chain fatty acids produced by bacterial fermentation of fiber in the colon are _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  lactate, sodium acetate, and carbon dioxide 
B)  bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, and streptococci 
C)  methane, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen 
D)  acetic, propionic, and butyric 
A)  lactate, sodium acetate, and carbon dioxide 
B)  bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, and streptococci 
C)  methane, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen 
D)  acetic, propionic, and butyric

Question 16

Prebiotics are naturally abundant in:

Accepted Answer

A)  cow's milk yogurt. 
B)  asparagus. 
C)  mayonnaise dressings. 
D)  oatmeal. 
A)  cow's milk yogurt. 
B)  asparagus. 
C)  mayonnaise dressings. 
D)  oatmeal.

Question 17

Which of the volatile short-chain fatty acids is said to have antineoplastic properties affecting colorectal cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetic 
B)  propionic 
C)  butyric 
D)  capric 
A)  acetic 
B)  propionic 
C)  butyric 
D)  capric

Question 18

The main benefits of prebiotics relate to their capacity to promote the _____ of bacteria and production of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  growth; amino acids 
B)  growth; fatty acids 
C)  death; amino acids 
D)  death; fatty acids 
A)  growth; amino acids 
B)  growth; fatty acids 
C)  death; amino acids 
D)  death; fatty acids

Question 19

Processed foods that may have cellulose purified from wood added to them include all of the following EXCEPT _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  canned green beans 
B)  cake mixes 
C)  sandwich spreads 
D)  fruit juice mixes 
A)  canned green beans 
B)  cake mixes 
C)  sandwich spreads 
D)  fruit juice mixes

Question 20

Which of the following is considered a prebiotic?

Accepted Answer

A)  brans 
B)  galactose 
C)  fructans 
D)  lactose 
A)  brans 
B)  galactose 
C)  fructans 
D)  lactose

Soy is rich in

Dietary fibers are mainly provided by

Which fiber component is provided primarily by the outer layers of cereal grains?

By what mechanism do soluble fibers decrease the absorption of lipids?

Which volatile short-chain fatty acid is believed to lower serum cholesterol by acting as an inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis?

Which group of high-fiber foods contains the greatest quantities of hemicellulose?

What are the hydrocolloids that are secreted at a site of injury on a plant or surround the endosperm of some seeds and that are used as thickening agents?

Common food sources of fructans are _____.

Regulation of herbal supplements in the United States

Dietary fiber is currently defined as

What are the homopolymers of glucopyranose found in cereal brans such as oats and barley that are effective in reducing serum cholesterol?

Which of the following fibers stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria and thus are considered prebiotics?

The kind and amount of phytochemicals in a plant varies with

Which of the following is NOT a form of resistant starch?

Three short-chain fatty acids produced by bacterial fermentation of fiber in the colon are _____.

Prebiotics are naturally abundant in:

Which of the volatile short-chain fatty acids is said to have antineoplastic properties affecting colorectal cancer?

The main benefits of prebiotics relate to their capacity to promote the _ of bacteria and production of _.

Processed foods that may have cellulose purified from wood added to them include all of the following EXCEPT _____.

Which of the following is considered a prebiotic?

The Cell: a Microcosm of Life

The Digestive System:mechanism for Nourishing the Body

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Integration and Regulation of Metabolismand the Impact of Exercise and Sport

Body Composition, Energy Expenditure, and Energy Balance

Water-Soluble Vitamins

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Major Minerals

Water and Electrolytes

Essential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals

Nonessential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals

Filters

Exam 4: Fiber

Soy is rich in

Dietary fibers are mainly provided by

Which fiber component is provided primarily by the outer layers of cereal grains?

By what mechanism do soluble fibers decrease the absorption of lipids?

Which volatile short-chain fatty acid is believed to lower serum cholesterol by acting as an inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis?

Which group of high-fiber foods contains the greatest quantities of hemicellulose?

What are the hydrocolloids that are secreted at a site of injury on a plant or surround the endosperm of some seeds and that are used as thickening agents?

Common food sources of fructans are _____.

Regulation of herbal supplements in the United States

Dietary fiber is currently defined as

What are the homopolymers of glucopyranose found in cereal brans such as oats and barley that are effective in reducing serum cholesterol?

Which of the following fibers stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria and thus are considered prebiotics?

The kind and amount of phytochemicals in a plant varies with

Which of the following is NOT a form of resistant starch?

Three short-chain fatty acids produced by bacterial fermentation of fiber in the colon are _____.

Prebiotics are naturally abundant in:

Which of the volatile short-chain fatty acids is said to have antineoplastic properties affecting colorectal cancer?

The main benefits of prebiotics relate to their capacity to promote the _____ of bacteria and production of _____.

Processed foods that may have cellulose purified from wood added to them include all of the following EXCEPT _____.

Which of the following is considered a prebiotic?

The Cell: a Microcosm of Life

The Digestive System:mechanism for Nourishing the Body

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Integration and Regulation of Metabolismand the Impact of Exercise and Sport

Body Composition, Energy Expenditure, and Energy Balance

Water-Soluble Vitamins

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Major Minerals

Water and Electrolytes

Essential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals

Nonessential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals

Filters

The main benefits of prebiotics relate to their capacity to promote the _ of bacteria and production of _.