Exam 12: Water and Electrolytes

Which hormone, mediated by the enzyme renin, is primarily responsible for active reabsorption of sodium ions in the distal and collecting tubules?

What is the major filtration force in the capillaries that is responsible for controlling movement of water from plasma to interstitial fluid and from interstitial fluid into plasma?

Which is the chief cation of intracellular fluid for which maintenance of normal levels is essential to life of the cells?

Incidence of hypertension in populations is considered predictable by _____.

Which body water reservoir is made up of plasma and interstitial fluid?

In which part of the nephron is most of the filtered sodium reabsorbed?

Acid-base balance refers to

What percentage of the glomerular filtrate volume is excreted as urine each day?

What is a major function of chloride?

When a person hyperventilates and "blows off" CO₂, what effect does this have on pH?

Which hormone, stimulated by increased blood pressure stretching the heart, functions to inhibit sodium reabsorption to promote sodium excretion?

Dietary intake of which mineral correlates positively with blood pressure?

Of these blood proteins, which one contributes most to buffering?

What is the condition that occurs in starvation or diabetes in which there is an increase in the urinary excretion of ammonia?

When the plasma concentration of H ions exceeds the normal range the condition is called:

Water accounts for what percentage of the body weight in a normal adult?

Which mineral serves as the major intracellular fluid cation?

Which mineral is the most abundant anion found in extracellular fluid?

What enzyme facilitates diffusion of carbon dioxide from tissue cells and its reaction with water so that carbon dioxide can be carried to the lungs?

Colloid osmotic pressure attracts water into the plasma and is mainly due to _____.