Exam 14: Nonessential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals

Human toxicity has been shown as blackfoot disease, a peripheral vascular condition, in individuals drinking water contaminated with _____.

Which mineral may substitute for magnesium in the complement system?

Which ultratrace element was used as a preservative for meat, fish, and dairy products in the early 1900s, considered dangerous for humans in the 1920s, and then deemed essential starting in the 1980s?

In humans, signs of nickel _____ include nausea, vomiting, and difficulty breathing.

Which ultratrace element, in pharmacological quantities, mimics the action of insulin?

Which ultratrace element is not required by humans in its ionic form, but is a necessary component of the coenzyme form of a vitamin?

Which of the following interacts with fluoride in such a way as to inhibit absorption?

The richest dietary sources of vanadium are _____.

Which micromineral plays a contributing role in the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals that are more resistant to acid erosion?

What ultratrace element has been shown to inhibit Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase function and the absorption of amino acids at higher concentrations?

What ultratrace element is normally consumed at <100 µg/d, mainly from nuts, legumes, grains, and chocolate, and has been assigned a Tolerable Upper Intake Level of 1 mg/d?

Which element has a positive influence on collagen synthesis and bone mineralization?

What foods are rich sources of silicon?

Which ultratrace element enters the cell through transport systems for phosphate, with which it competes?

Selenium and iodine interact antagonistically with _____.

Which element impairs iodine uptake, causing compensatory goiter in mice?

Because of its anti-inflammatory actions, which element may reduce the severity of rheumatoid arthritis?

Which of the following groups of foods are richest in boron, providing 1.0 to 4.5 mg/100 g?

For what ultratrace element that is well known for its toxicity, yet is now deemed essential in small quantities, have no human dietary requirement and no Tolerable Upper Intake Level been established?

Boron is associated with which of the following functions?