Question 1

Which of the following is the predominant monosaccharide produced by the digestion of all dietary carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  ribose 
B)  fructose 
C)  galactose 
D)  glucose 
A)  ribose 
B)  fructose 
C)  galactose 
D)  glucose D

Question 2

In what part of the cell does glycolysis occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondrion 
B)  cytosol 
C)  nucleus 
D)  endoplasmic reticulum 
A)  mitochondrion 
B)  cytosol 
C)  nucleus 
D)  endoplasmic reticulum B

Question 3

Which hormonal changes occur in response to a fall in blood glucose concentration?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased insulin, decreased glucagon 
B)  decreased insulin, increased glucagon 
C)  decreased insulin, decreased glucocorticoids 
D)  increased insulin, increased glucagon 
A)  increased insulin, decreased glucagon 
B)  decreased insulin, increased glucagon 
C)  decreased insulin, decreased glucocorticoids 
D)  increased insulin, increased glucagon B

Question 4

Gluconeogenesis is essentially the reversal of which pathway?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycogenesis 
B)  glycolysis 
C)  TCA cycle 
D)  lipogenesis 
A)  glycogenesis 
B)  glycolysis 
C)  TCA cycle 
D)  lipogenesis

Question 5

Glycolysis is a process involving:

Accepted Answer

A)  synthesis of fatty acids. 
B)  reactions that convert glucose to glycogen. 
C)  reactions that convert glucose to pyruvate. 
D)  reactions that convert glycogen to protein. 
A)  synthesis of fatty acids. 
B)  reactions that convert glucose to glycogen. 
C)  reactions that convert glucose to pyruvate. 
D)  reactions that convert glycogen to protein.

Question 6

Which tissue metabolizes fructose?

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle 
B)  adipose tissue 
C)  liver 
D)  all of these 
A)  muscle 
B)  adipose tissue 
C)  liver 
D)  all of these

Question 7

Under anaerobic conditions within a cell, how many net ATPs are formed from one glucose molecule by substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  four 
D)  six 
A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  four 
D)  six

Question 8

Alcohol in beverages is degraded mainly in the liver cytosol with the production of one NADH for each ethanol molecule. Predict what effect consumption of alcohol would have on the activity of the liver malate-aspartate shuttle.

Accepted Answer

A)  no change 
B)  increased 
C)  decreased 
D)  reversed 
A)  no change 
B)  increased 
C)  decreased 
D)  reversed

Question 9

During the end reaction of the electron transport chain, molecular oxygen becomes _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  oxidized to carbon dioxide 
B)  reduced to water 
C)  NADH + H+ 
D)  FADH2 
A)  oxidized to carbon dioxide 
B)  reduced to water 
C)  NADH + H+ 
D)  FADH2

Question 10

Due to a lack of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase, which tissue capable of glycogenesis cannot contribute to blood glucose levels between meals?

Accepted Answer

A)  liver 
B)  muscle 
C)  brain 
D)  kidney 
A)  liver 
B)  muscle 
C)  brain 
D)  kidney

Question 11

The formation of ATP by compounds with a more negative phosphate group transfer potential than -7,300 cal is called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  transfer phosphorylation 
B)  oxidative phosphorylation 
C)  coupled reactions 
D)  substrate-level phosphorylation 
A)  transfer phosphorylation 
B)  oxidative phosphorylation 
C)  coupled reactions 
D)  substrate-level phosphorylation

Question 12

In what form do carbohydrates enter the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

A)  starch 
B)  disaccharides 
C)  monosaccharides 
D)  ketoses 
A)  starch 
B)  disaccharides 
C)  monosaccharides 
D)  ketoses

Question 13

Which tissue has the least activity of the pentose phosphate pathway?

Accepted Answer

A)  liver 
B)  adrenal cortex 
C)  mammary gland 
D)  skeletal muscle 
A)  liver 
B)  adrenal cortex 
C)  mammary gland 
D)  skeletal muscle

Question 14

Glycemic load considers the _____ in the food.

Accepted Answer

A)  protein and carbohydrate content 
B)  fat and carbohydrate content 
C)  fat to carbohydrate ratio 
D)  quantity and quality of carbohydrate 
A)  protein and carbohydrate content 
B)  fat and carbohydrate content 
C)  fat to carbohydrate ratio 
D)  quantity and quality of carbohydrate

Question 15

All of the following enzymes are negatively regulated (allosterically inhibited) by increasing levels of ATP EXCEPT _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphofructokinase 
B)  pyruvate dehydrogenase complex 
C)  hexokinase 
D)  citrate synthase 
A)  phosphofructokinase 
B)  pyruvate dehydrogenase complex 
C)  hexokinase 
D)  citrate synthase

Question 16

The enzyme needed to hydrolyze the α (1,6) bond of amylopectin is _____, which is secreted from the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  amylase, enterocyte 
B)  sucrase, pancreas 
C)  lactase, enterocyte 
D)  isomaltase, enterocyte 
A)  amylase, enterocyte 
B)  sucrase, pancreas 
C)  lactase, enterocyte 
D)  isomaltase, enterocyte

Question 17

Which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The use of high-fructose corn syrup in U.S. products increased between 1970 and 1998, but has since leveled off. 
B)  Between 2000 and 2010, use of high-fructose corn syrup in the U.S. food supply was about twice the use of table sugars. 
C)  High-fructose corn syrup and corn syrup are two names for the same product. 
D)  All high-fructose corn syrup sold in the U.S. is made from corn. 
A)  The use of high-fructose corn syrup in U.S. products increased between 1970 and 1998, but has since leveled off. 
B)  Between 2000 and 2010, use of high-fructose corn syrup in the U.S. food supply was about twice the use of table sugars. 
C)  High-fructose corn syrup and corn syrup are two names for the same product. 
D)  All high-fructose corn syrup sold in the U.S. is made from corn.

Question 18

Electrons carried by one mole NADH + H+ enter the electron transport chain at Complex I and generate _____ mole(s) ATP as they are sequentially oxidized.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.5 
B)  1.5 
C)  2.5 
D)  3.5 
A)  0.5 
B)  1.5 
C)  2.5 
D)  3.5

Question 19

People with type 1 diabetes have

Accepted Answer

A)  slow translocation of GLUT4 receptors from the Golgi body. 
B)  lack of mRNA synthesis for GLUT4 receptors in adipocytes or myocytes. 
C)  increased glycogenesis in myocytes after a meal. 
D)  below-normal glucokinase activity because of low insulin levels. 
A)  slow translocation of GLUT4 receptors from the Golgi body. 
B)  lack of mRNA synthesis for GLUT4 receptors in adipocytes or myocytes. 
C)  increased glycogenesis in myocytes after a meal. 
D)  below-normal glucokinase activity because of low insulin levels.

Question 20

The major end products of cellular oxidation of carbohydrate include:

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen. 
B)  water, carbon dioxide, and energy. 
C)  glucose and amino acids. 
D)  dietary fiber and ammonia. 
A)  carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen. 
B)  water, carbon dioxide, and energy. 
C)  glucose and amino acids. 
D)  dietary fiber and ammonia.

Which of the following is the predominant monosaccharide produced by the digestion of all dietary carbohydrates?

In what part of the cell does glycolysis occur?

Which hormonal changes occur in response to a fall in blood glucose concentration?

Gluconeogenesis is essentially the reversal of which pathway?

Glycolysis is a process involving:

Which tissue metabolizes fructose?

Under anaerobic conditions within a cell, how many net ATPs are formed from one glucose molecule by substrate-level phosphorylation?

Alcohol in beverages is degraded mainly in the liver cytosol with the production of one NADH for each ethanol molecule. Predict what effect consumption of alcohol would have on the activity of the liver malate-aspartate shuttle.

During the end reaction of the electron transport chain, molecular oxygen becomes _____.

Due to a lack of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase, which tissue capable of glycogenesis cannot contribute to blood glucose levels between meals?

The formation of ATP by compounds with a more negative phosphate group transfer potential than -7,300 cal is called _____.

In what form do carbohydrates enter the bloodstream?

Which tissue has the least activity of the pentose phosphate pathway?

Glycemic load considers the _____ in the food.

All of the following enzymes are negatively regulated (allosterically inhibited) by increasing levels of ATP EXCEPT _____.

The enzyme needed to hydrolyze the α (1,6) bond of amylopectin is _, which is secreted from the _.

Which statement is true?

Electrons carried by one mole NADH + H⁺ enter the electron transport chain at Complex I and generate _____ mole(s) ATP as they are sequentially oxidized.

People with type 1 diabetes have

The major end products of cellular oxidation of carbohydrate include:

The Cell: a Microcosm of Life

The Digestive System:mechanism for Nourishing the Body

Fiber

Lipids

Protein

Integration and Regulation of Metabolismand the Impact of Exercise and Sport

Body Composition, Energy Expenditure, and Energy Balance

Water-Soluble Vitamins

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Major Minerals

Water and Electrolytes

Essential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals

Nonessential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals

Filters

Exam 3: Carbohydrates

Which of the following is the predominant monosaccharide produced by the digestion of all dietary carbohydrates?

In what part of the cell does glycolysis occur?

Which hormonal changes occur in response to a fall in blood glucose concentration?

Gluconeogenesis is essentially the reversal of which pathway?

Glycolysis is a process involving:

Which tissue metabolizes fructose?

Under anaerobic conditions within a cell, how many net ATPs are formed from one glucose molecule by substrate-level phosphorylation?

Alcohol in beverages is degraded mainly in the liver cytosol with the production of one NADH for each ethanol molecule. Predict what effect consumption of alcohol would have on the activity of the liver malate-aspartate shuttle.

During the end reaction of the electron transport chain, molecular oxygen becomes _____.

Due to a lack of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase, which tissue capable of glycogenesis cannot contribute to blood glucose levels between meals?

The formation of ATP by compounds with a more negative phosphate group transfer potential than -7,300 cal is called _____.

In what form do carbohydrates enter the bloodstream?

Which tissue has the least activity of the pentose phosphate pathway?

Glycemic load considers the _____ in the food.

All of the following enzymes are negatively regulated (allosterically inhibited) by increasing levels of ATP EXCEPT _____.

The enzyme needed to hydrolyze the α (1,6) bond of amylopectin is _____, which is secreted from the _____.

Which statement is true?

Electrons carried by one mole NADH + H+ enter the electron transport chain at Complex I and generate _____ mole(s) ATP as they are sequentially oxidized.

People with type 1 diabetes have

The major end products of cellular oxidation of carbohydrate include:

The Cell: a Microcosm of Life

The Digestive System:mechanism for Nourishing the Body

Fiber

Lipids

Protein

Integration and Regulation of Metabolismand the Impact of Exercise and Sport

Body Composition, Energy Expenditure, and Energy Balance

Water-Soluble Vitamins

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Major Minerals

Water and Electrolytes

Essential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals

Nonessential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals

Filters

The enzyme needed to hydrolyze the α (1,6) bond of amylopectin is _, which is secreted from the _.

Electrons carried by one mole NADH + H⁺ enter the electron transport chain at Complex I and generate _____ mole(s) ATP as they are sequentially oxidized.