Question 1

What is a likely reason that large quantities of fructose may cause gut discomfort?

Accepted Answer

A)  Diffusion of fructose only occurs from low to high concentrations. 
B)  Facilitated diffusion is slower than active transport. 
C)  Active transport is saturable. 
D)  Pinocytosis reverses fructose and releases it to the gut. 
A)  Diffusion of fructose only occurs from low to high concentrations. 
B)  Facilitated diffusion is slower than active transport. 
C)  Active transport is saturable. 
D)  Pinocytosis reverses fructose and releases it to the gut.

Question 2

What is the most common digestible homopolysaccharide existing as both amylose and amylopectin?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycogen 
B)  cellulose 
C)  hemicellulose 
D)  starch 
A)  glycogen 
B)  cellulose 
C)  hemicellulose 
D)  starch

Question 3

In what organelle are the enzymes that catalyze the citric acid cycle located?

Accepted Answer

A)  cytoplasmic matrix 
B)  endoplasmic reticulum 
C)  mitochondrion 
D)  lysosome 
A)  cytoplasmic matrix 
B)  endoplasmic reticulum 
C)  mitochondrion 
D)  lysosome

Question 4

The enzyme ATP synthase is believed to catalyze the formation of ATP, as described by the _____ theory.

Accepted Answer

A)  leakage 
B)  hydrogen pump 
C)  protein channel 
D)  chemiosmotic 
A)  leakage 
B)  hydrogen pump 
C)  protein channel 
D)  chemiosmotic

Question 5

Glucagon stimulates hepatic gluconeogenesis and suppresses glycolysis by reducing the concentration of _____, a positive modulator of phosphofructokinase.

Accepted Answer

A)  fructose-2,6-bisphosphate 
B)  fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 
C)  glucose-6-phosphate 
D)  glucose-1-phosphate 
A)  fructose-2,6-bisphosphate 
B)  fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 
C)  glucose-6-phosphate 
D)  glucose-1-phosphate

Question 6

The fructose : glucose ratio of high-fructose corn syrup is approximately _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  100:1 
B)  80:20 
C)  50:50 
D)  25:75 
A)  100:1 
B)  80:20 
C)  50:50 
D)  25:75

Question 7

What is the nutritional significance of stereoisomers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some isomers cannot cyclize. 
B)  Certain metabolic enzymes require a particular structure. 
C)  Certain isomers cannot polarize light. 
D)  Some isomers have no anomeric carbon. 
A)  Some isomers cannot cyclize. 
B)  Certain metabolic enzymes require a particular structure. 
C)  Certain isomers cannot polarize light. 
D)  Some isomers have no anomeric carbon.

Question 8

In the _____ galactose is eventually converted to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  hepatocyte, glucose 
B)  Kupffer cell, fructose 
C)  enterocyte, glucose 
D)  chylomicron, glucose 
A)  hepatocyte, glucose 
B)  Kupffer cell, fructose 
C)  enterocyte, glucose 
D)  chylomicron, glucose

Question 9

A ketopentose is a carbohydrate containing

Accepted Answer

A)  5 carbons and a ketone group. 
B)  6 carbons and an aldehyde group. 
C)  3 carbons and an aldehyde group. 
D)  7 carbons and a ketone group. 
A)  5 carbons and a ketone group. 
B)  6 carbons and an aldehyde group. 
C)  3 carbons and an aldehyde group. 
D)  7 carbons and a ketone group.

Question 10

What are the major dietary energy sources that are composed of two simple sugars?

Accepted Answer

A)  disaccharides 
B)  polysaccharides 
C)  monosaccharides 
D)  trioses 
A)  disaccharides 
B)  polysaccharides 
C)  monosaccharides 
D)  trioses

Question 11

Muscle lactate is converted to glucose in the liver and returned to the muscle by means of the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  malate-aspartate shuttle 
B)  electron transport chain 
C)  Cori cycle 
D)  pentose phosphate pathway 
A)  malate-aspartate shuttle 
B)  electron transport chain 
C)  Cori cycle 
D)  pentose phosphate pathway

Question 12

What is the key enzyme in digestion of polysaccharides?

Accepted Answer

A)  starch amylopectin 
B)  β-amylase 
C)  α-dextranase 
D)  α-amylase 
A)  starch amylopectin 
B)  β-amylase 
C)  α-dextranase 
D)  α-amylase

What is a likely reason that large quantities of fructose may cause gut discomfort?

What is the most common digestible homopolysaccharide existing as both amylose and amylopectin?

In what organelle are the enzymes that catalyze the citric acid cycle located?

The enzyme ATP synthase is believed to catalyze the formation of ATP, as described by the _____ theory.

Glucagon stimulates hepatic gluconeogenesis and suppresses glycolysis by reducing the concentration of _____, a positive modulator of phosphofructokinase.

The fructose : glucose ratio of high-fructose corn syrup is approximately _____.

What is the nutritional significance of stereoisomers?

In the _ galactose is eventually converted to _.

A ketopentose is a carbohydrate containing

What are the major dietary energy sources that are composed of two simple sugars?

Muscle lactate is converted to glucose in the liver and returned to the muscle by means of the _____.

What is the key enzyme in digestion of polysaccharides?

The Cell: a Microcosm of Life

The Digestive System:mechanism for Nourishing the Body

Fiber

Lipids

Protein

Integration and Regulation of Metabolismand the Impact of Exercise and Sport

Body Composition, Energy Expenditure, and Energy Balance

Water-Soluble Vitamins

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Major Minerals

Water and Electrolytes

Essential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals

Nonessential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals

Filters

Exam 3: Carbohydrates

What is a likely reason that large quantities of fructose may cause gut discomfort?

What is the most common digestible homopolysaccharide existing as both amylose and amylopectin?

In what organelle are the enzymes that catalyze the citric acid cycle located?

The enzyme ATP synthase is believed to catalyze the formation of ATP, as described by the _____ theory.

Glucagon stimulates hepatic gluconeogenesis and suppresses glycolysis by reducing the concentration of _____, a positive modulator of phosphofructokinase.

The fructose : glucose ratio of high-fructose corn syrup is approximately _____.

What is the nutritional significance of stereoisomers?

In the _____ galactose is eventually converted to _____.

A ketopentose is a carbohydrate containing

What are the major dietary energy sources that are composed of two simple sugars?

Muscle lactate is converted to glucose in the liver and returned to the muscle by means of the _____.

What is the key enzyme in digestion of polysaccharides?

The Cell: a Microcosm of Life

The Digestive System:mechanism for Nourishing the Body

Fiber

Lipids

Protein

Integration and Regulation of Metabolismand the Impact of Exercise and Sport

Body Composition, Energy Expenditure, and Energy Balance

Water-Soluble Vitamins

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Major Minerals

Water and Electrolytes

Essential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals

Nonessential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals

Filters

In the _ galactose is eventually converted to _.