Question 1

What are "demand characteristics" in experimental research?

Accepted Answer

A)  When neither the subjects nor an assistant helping the experimenter know specifics about the treatment or how hypothesis is being tested. 
B)  When subjects in a control group "demand" to be treated the same as the subjects receiving the treatment. 
C)  When an experimenter deceives subjects about the experiment's true nature, then later tells them what it is really about. 
D)  When subjects pick up clues about the hypothesis of the experiment and change their behavior to do what they think will confirm the experimenter's hypothesis. 
A)  When neither the subjects nor an assistant helping the experimenter know specifics about the treatment or how hypothesis is being tested. 
B)  When subjects in a control group "demand" to be treated the same as the subjects receiving the treatment. 
C)  When an experimenter deceives subjects about the experiment's true nature, then later tells them what it is really about. 
D)  When subjects pick up clues about the hypothesis of the experiment and change their behavior to do what they think will confirm the experimenter's hypothesis.

Question 2

The following design notation for an experimental design is called
 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Accepted Answer

A)  equivalent time series. 
B)  Solomon four-group. 
C)  interrupted time series. 
D)  classical experimental. 
A)  equivalent time series. 
B)  Solomon four-group. 
C)  interrupted time series. 
D)  classical experimental.

Question 3

The Solomon four-group design combines which two other designs?

Accepted Answer

A)  classical experimental and equivalent time series 
B)  classical experimental and two group posttest only 
C)  one group pretest-posttest and static group comparison 
D)  case study and two group posttest 
A)  classical experimental and equivalent time series 
B)  classical experimental and two group posttest only 
C)  one group pretest-posttest and static group comparison 
D)  case study and two group posttest

Question 4

If the time between the pretest and the posttest is very short, then

Accepted Answer

A)  the maturation effect is less likely to occur. 
B)  the instrumentation effect is more likely to occur. 
C)  the history effect is more likely to occur. 
D)  the statistical regression effect is less likely to occur. 
A)  the maturation effect is less likely to occur. 
B)  the instrumentation effect is more likely to occur. 
C)  the history effect is more likely to occur. 
D)  the statistical regression effect is less likely to occur.

Question 5

There are several threats to an experiment's external validity. Explain what mundane realism, Hawthorne effect, and naturalistic generalization are. How does each threaten external validity?

Accepted Answer

Mundane realism refers to the extent to

Question 6

There are several threats to an experiment's internal validity, explain what diffusion of treatment, experimenter expectancy, and demand characteristics are? How does each threaten internal validity?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion of treatment refers to the uni

Question 7

Internal validity is threatened when subjects in the control group modify their behavior to compensate for not receiving the experimental treatment. What is this called?

Accepted Answer

A)  maturation effect 
B)  experimenter expectancy 
C)  compensatory behavior 
D)  diffusion of treatment 
A)  maturation effect 
B)  experimenter expectancy 
C)  compensatory behavior 
D)  diffusion of treatment

Question 8

An experimenter says "it was a 3 by 3." What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  It was a time series design with three Xs and three Os. 
B)  It was a Latin Square design with three groups. 
C)  It was a factorial design with two variables, each had three levels. 
D)  It was a factorial design with three independent variables. 
A)  It was a time series design with three Xs and three Os. 
B)  It was a Latin Square design with three groups. 
C)  It was a factorial design with two variables, each had three levels. 
D)  It was a factorial design with three independent variables.

Question 9

Dr. Useem designed an experiment on group competition to be realistic. She divided subjects into 6 three- person teams. Only one could "win" a race to assemble a large complex toy. She wanted subjects to get "caught up" in the situation so it would have a large impact on them. A confederate posed as the vice president of a toy manufacturer who offered each member of the winning team $300, but members of the 5 losing teams got nothing. She's trying to create

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental realism. 
B)  mundane realism. 
C)  internal validity. 
D)  generic realism. 
A)  experimental realism. 
B)  mundane realism. 
C)  internal validity. 
D)  generic realism.

Question 10

What is the Hawthorne effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  A reactivity effect named after a famous case in which subject responded to the fact that they were in an experiment more than to the treatment. In effect, the experiment became the independent variable. 
B)  It is a special instrument for measuring emotionally charged attitudes invented in the 1930s Hawthorne, England. 
C)  When subjects do not receive the real treatment and instead receive an imitation treatment but respond as though they have received the real treatment. In effect, the belief that they received a treatment effects their behavior. 
D)  It is a type of experimental design using three control groups developed by Sir Thomas Hawthorne in the 1960s when investigating the effects of noise on mental concentration. 
A)  A reactivity effect named after a famous case in which subject responded to the fact that they were in an experiment more than to the treatment. In effect, the experiment became the independent variable. 
B)  It is a special instrument for measuring emotionally charged attitudes invented in the 1930s Hawthorne, England. 
C)  When subjects do not receive the real treatment and instead receive an imitation treatment but respond as though they have received the real treatment. In effect, the belief that they received a treatment effects their behavior. 
D)  It is a type of experimental design using three control groups developed by Sir Thomas Hawthorne in the 1960s when investigating the effects of noise on mental concentration.

Question 11

The speed limit on interstate highways in the United States was reduced from 65 to 55 miles per hour in 1976. It was raised back to 65 in 1988; in 1996, individual state governments could decide the limit and many raised it to 75 miles per hour. Proponents and critics of the law have looked at the number of traffic deaths per 1000 miles driven on the highways between 1970 and 1998 to see whether the law affected traffic deaths. What type of design is this?

Accepted Answer

A)  one shot case study 
B)  pretest-posttest one group design 
C)  interrupted time series design 
D)  equivalent time series design 
A)  one shot case study 
B)  pretest-posttest one group design 
C)  interrupted time series design 
D)  equivalent time series design

Question 12

Often researchers are interested in investigating how multiple independent variables affect a dependent variable. Which experimental design method allows for the investigation of multiple IVs? Describe how this method is used and give an example of when a researcher would use this method.

Accepted Answer

The experimental design method that allo

Question 13

What is a "double blind" experiment? Why would a researcher use it?

Accepted Answer

A "double blind" experiment is a type of

What are "demand characteristics" in experimental research?

The following design notation for an experimental design is called 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

The Solomon four-group design combines which two other designs?

If the time between the pretest and the posttest is very short, then

There are several threats to an experiment's external validity. Explain what mundane realism, Hawthorne effect, and naturalistic generalization are. How does each threaten external validity?

There are several threats to an experiment's internal validity, explain what diffusion of treatment, experimenter expectancy, and demand characteristics are? How does each threaten internal validity?

Internal validity is threatened when subjects in the control group modify their behavior to compensate for not receiving the experimental treatment. What is this called?

An experimenter says "it was a 3 by 3." What does this mean?

What is the Hawthorne effect?

Often researchers are interested in investigating how multiple independent variables affect a dependent variable. Which experimental design method allows for the investigation of multiple IVs? Describe how this method is used and give an example of when a researcher would use this method.

What is a "double blind" experiment? Why would a researcher use it?

Why Do Research

What Are the Major Types of Social Research

Theory and Research

The Meanings of Methodology

How to Review the Literature and Conduct Ethical Studies

Strategies of Research Design

Qualitative and Quantitative Measurement

Qualitative and Quantitative Sampling

Survey Research

Nonreactive Research and Secondary Analysis

Analysis of Quantitative Data

Field Research and Focus Group Research

Historical-Comparative Research

Analysis of Qualitative Data

Writing the Research Report and the Politics of Social Research

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Exam 9: Experimental Research

What are "demand characteristics" in experimental research?

The following design notation for an experimental design is called 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

The Solomon four-group design combines which two other designs?

If the time between the pretest and the posttest is very short, then

There are several threats to an experiment's external validity. Explain what mundane realism, Hawthorne effect, and naturalistic generalization are. How does each threaten external validity?

There are several threats to an experiment's internal validity, explain what diffusion of treatment, experimenter expectancy, and demand characteristics are? How does each threaten internal validity?

Internal validity is threatened when subjects in the control group modify their behavior to compensate for not receiving the experimental treatment. What is this called?

An experimenter says "it was a 3 by 3." What does this mean?

What is the Hawthorne effect?

Often researchers are interested in investigating how multiple independent variables affect a dependent variable. Which experimental design method allows for the investigation of multiple IVs? Describe how this method is used and give an example of when a researcher would use this method.

What is a "double blind" experiment? Why would a researcher use it?

Why Do Research

What Are the Major Types of Social Research

Theory and Research

The Meanings of Methodology

How to Review the Literature and Conduct Ethical Studies

Strategies of Research Design

Qualitative and Quantitative Measurement

Qualitative and Quantitative Sampling

Survey Research

Nonreactive Research and Secondary Analysis

Analysis of Quantitative Data

Field Research and Focus Group Research

Historical-Comparative Research

Analysis of Qualitative Data

Writing the Research Report and the Politics of Social Research

Filters