Question 1

What is the best name for the type of bond that forms between a sugar and a nitrogen base in a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A)  an anomeric bond 
B)  a glycolysis bond 
C)  a nitrogenous bond 
D)  a β-N-glycosidic bond 
E)  a β-N-ribose bond 
A)  an anomeric bond 
B)  a glycolysis bond 
C)  a nitrogenous bond 
D)  a β-N-glycosidic bond 
E)  a β-N-ribose bond

Question 2

If the DNA sequence 5′-CCTATCGA-3′ was the template for transcription into mRNA, the sequence of the resulting RNA would be

Accepted Answer

A)  5′-GGATAGCT-3′. 
B)  5′-GGAUAGCU-3′. 
C)  3′-GGAUAGCU-5′. 
D)  3′-GGATAGCT-5′. 
E)  5′-AGCUAUCC-3′. 
A)  5′-GGATAGCT-3′. 
B)  5′-GGAUAGCU-3′. 
C)  3′-GGAUAGCU-5′. 
D)  3′-GGATAGCT-5′. 
E)  5′-AGCUAUCC-3′.

Question 3

If an organism has 22% thymine in its DNA, it will have

Accepted Answer

A)  78% adenine. 
B)  22% adenine. 
C)  78% uracil. 
D)  22% uracil. 
E)  22% guanine. 
A)  78% adenine. 
B)  22% adenine. 
C)  78% uracil. 
D)  22% uracil. 
E)  22% guanine.

Question 4

Why is HIV called a retrovirus?

Accepted Answer

A)  because it is very old 
B)  because it makes DNA from proteins 
C)  because it transcribes DNA into RNA 
D)  because it transcribes RNA into DNA 
E)  because it translates proteins into RNA 
A)  because it is very old 
B)  because it makes DNA from proteins 
C)  because it transcribes DNA into RNA 
D)  because it transcribes RNA into DNA 
E)  because it translates proteins into RNA

Question 5

Which molecule catalyzes the synthesis of a new mRNA molecule from the DNA template strand?

Accepted Answer

A)  ribosomal RNA (rRN
A)  
B)  RNA polymerase 
C)  messenger RNA (mRN
A)  
D)  transfer RNA (tRNA 
E)  All of these catalyze the synthesis of a new mRNA. 
A)  ribosomal RNA (rRN
A)  
B)  RNA polymerase 
C)  messenger RNA (mRN
A)  
D)  transfer RNA (tRNA 
E)  All of these catalyze the synthesis of a new mRNA.

Question 6

How is the amino acid attached to the tRNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) d 
E) e 
A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) d 
E) e

Question 7

The nucleoside below is found in DNA and not RNA. Which of the following statements supports this molecule being a DNA nucleoside?

Accepted Answer

A)  The molecule is the β-anomer. 
B)  The molecule contains a pyrimidine. 
C)  The molecule contains a purine. 
D)  The molecule contains a 2-deoxy-d-ribose. 
E)  The molecule contains a d-ribose. 
A)  The molecule is the β-anomer. 
B)  The molecule contains a pyrimidine. 
C)  The molecule contains a purine. 
D)  The molecule contains a 2-deoxy-d-ribose. 
E)  The molecule contains a d-ribose.

Question 8

Which statement best describes how a mutation can lead to cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)  A mutation by itself is defined as cancer. 
B)  Mutations in genes that produce proteins involved in construction in the cell membrane result in cells that look abnormal. 
C)  Mutations in genes that produce proteins involved in cell replication can lead to unrestrained growth of cells. 
D)  Mutation in any gene produces cancer-causing proteins. 
E)  Mutations in genes have nothing to do with cancer. 
A)  A mutation by itself is defined as cancer. 
B)  Mutations in genes that produce proteins involved in construction in the cell membrane result in cells that look abnormal. 
C)  Mutations in genes that produce proteins involved in cell replication can lead to unrestrained growth of cells. 
D)  Mutation in any gene produces cancer-causing proteins. 
E)  Mutations in genes have nothing to do with cancer.

Question 9

A normal DNA sequence is 5′-GTA GCA TCA CCA-3′. If the DNA sequence mutated to 5′-GCA GCA TCA CCA-3′, how would the peptide sequence be affected?

Accepted Answer

A)  All amino acids downstream of the mutation would be misinserted. 
B)  The peptide would not be synthesized. 
C)  An Arg would replace a His. 
D)  A stop would replace a Trp. 
E)  No change would occur. 
A)  All amino acids downstream of the mutation would be misinserted. 
B)  The peptide would not be synthesized. 
C)  An Arg would replace a His. 
D)  A stop would replace a Trp. 
E)  No change would occur.

Question 10

Which carbon is the anomeric carbon?

Accepted Answer

A)  1F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
B)  2F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
C)  3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
D)  4F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
E)  5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
A)  1F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
B)  2F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
C)  3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
D)  4F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 
E)  5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10

Question 11

In the diagram below, letter F is _______, letter E is__________, and letter B is____.

Accepted Answer

A)  rRNA; mRNA; tRNA 
B)  rRNA; tRNA; mRNA 
C)  tRNA; rRNA; mRNA 
D)  tRNA; mRNA; rRNA 
E)  mRNA; rRNA; tRNA 
A)  rRNA; mRNA; tRNA 
B)  rRNA; tRNA; mRNA 
C)  tRNA; rRNA; mRNA 
D)  tRNA; mRNA; rRNA 
E)  mRNA; rRNA; tRNA

Question 12

What is the sequence of the following nucleic acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  dGCA 
B)  GCA 
C)  ACG 
D)  dACG 
E)  CGT 
A)  dGCA 
B)  GCA 
C)  ACG 
D)  dACG 
E)  CGT

Question 13

Which of the following statements about DNA in the human body is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The DNA in every cell of the body is the same, except in the case of some acquired mutations. 
B)  Altered genes guarantee that a person will develop a genetic disease. 
C)  DNA differs from cell to cell in humans. 
D)  One person's DNA is more than 50% different than another person's DNA. 
E)  All of the above statements are true. 
A)  The DNA in every cell of the body is the same, except in the case of some acquired mutations. 
B)  Altered genes guarantee that a person will develop a genetic disease. 
C)  DNA differs from cell to cell in humans. 
D)  One person's DNA is more than 50% different than another person's DNA. 
E)  All of the above statements are true.

Question 14

The boxed portion of the following structure represents a

Accepted Answer

A)  salt bridge. 
B)  hydrogen bond, with the hydrogen donated by the nitrogen. 
C)  hydrogen bond, with the hydrogen donated by the oxygen. 
D)  hydrophobic interaction. 
E)  hydrophilic interaction. 
A)  salt bridge. 
B)  hydrogen bond, with the hydrogen donated by the nitrogen. 
C)  hydrogen bond, with the hydrogen donated by the oxygen. 
D)  hydrophobic interaction. 
E)  hydrophilic interaction.

Question 15

How many different types of nucleotides are found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  3 
B)  4 
C)  10 
D)  20 
E)  Each nucleotide is different. 
A)  3 
B)  4 
C)  10 
D)  20 
E)  Each nucleotide is different.

Question 16

Which part of the DNA strand is the most polar, and what is the significance of that polarity?

Accepted Answer

A)  The nitrogen base is most polar and so it is on the outside of the DNA, in contact with water. 
B)  The nitrogen base is most polar and so it is on the inside of the DNA. 
C)  The sugar phosphate backbone is most polar and so it is on the outside of the DNA, in contact with water. 
D)  The sugar phosphate backbone is most polar and so it is on the inside of the DNA. 
E)  No part of DNA is any more polar than any other part. 
A)  The nitrogen base is most polar and so it is on the outside of the DNA, in contact with water. 
B)  The nitrogen base is most polar and so it is on the inside of the DNA. 
C)  The sugar phosphate backbone is most polar and so it is on the outside of the DNA, in contact with water. 
D)  The sugar phosphate backbone is most polar and so it is on the inside of the DNA. 
E)  No part of DNA is any more polar than any other part.

Question 17

Which of the following monosaccharides is found in RNA?

Accepted Answer

A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) d 
E) e 
A) a 
B) b 
C) c 
D) d 
E) e

Question 18

Which statement best describes why a nucleic acid is an "acid"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nucleic acids contain many carboxylic acid functional groups. 
B)  Nucleic acids are unusually reactive with acids. 
C)  Nucleic acids contain many hydroxyl groups. 
D)  Nucleic acids contain nitrogen. 
E)  Nucleic acids are organic derivatives of phosphoric acid. 
A)  Nucleic acids contain many carboxylic acid functional groups. 
B)  Nucleic acids are unusually reactive with acids. 
C)  Nucleic acids contain many hydroxyl groups. 
D)  Nucleic acids contain nitrogen. 
E)  Nucleic acids are organic derivatives of phosphoric acid.

Question 19

Which of the following statements best describes why the sugar phosphate nucleic acid backbone is on the outer part of the DNA double helix while the nitrogen bases are on the inside of the double helix?

Accepted Answer

A)  The sugar phosphate backbone is hydrophilic while the bases are hydrophobic. 
B)  The sugar phosphate backbone is hydrophobic while the bases are hydrophilic. 
C)  The sugar phosphate backbones of the two strands are bonded together. 
D)  The nitrogen bases are covalently bonded to each other. 
E)  There is no reason; the structure is just that way. 
A)  The sugar phosphate backbone is hydrophilic while the bases are hydrophobic. 
B)  The sugar phosphate backbone is hydrophobic while the bases are hydrophilic. 
C)  The sugar phosphate backbones of the two strands are bonded together. 
D)  The nitrogen bases are covalently bonded to each other. 
E)  There is no reason; the structure is just that way.

Question 20

Where is HIV′s DNA translated into proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  in the capsid 
B)  in the envelope 
C)  in the cytoplasm of the virus 
D)  in the host cell 
E)  both in the host cell and in the capsid 
A)  in the capsid 
B)  in the envelope 
C)  in the cytoplasm of the virus 
D)  in the host cell 
E)  both in the host cell and in the capsid

What is the best name for the type of bond that forms between a sugar and a nitrogen base in a nucleotide?

If the DNA sequence 5′-CCTATCGA-3′ was the template for transcription into mRNA, the sequence of the resulting RNA would be

If an organism has 22% thymine in its DNA, it will have

Why is HIV called a retrovirus?

Which molecule catalyzes the synthesis of a new mRNA molecule from the DNA template strand?

How is the amino acid attached to the tRNA molecule?

The nucleoside below is found in DNA and not RNA. Which of the following statements supports this molecule being a DNA nucleoside?

Which statement best describes how a mutation can lead to cancer?

A normal DNA sequence is 5′-GTA GCA TCA CCA-3′. If the DNA sequence mutated to 5′-GCA GCA TCA CCA-3′, how would the peptide sequence be affected?

Which carbon is the anomeric carbon?

In the diagram below, letter F is _, letter E is, and letter B is.

What is the sequence of the following nucleic acid?

Which of the following statements about DNA in the human body is TRUE?

The boxed portion of the following structure represents a

How many different types of nucleotides are found in DNA?

Which part of the DNA strand is the most polar, and what is the significance of that polarity?

Which of the following monosaccharides is found in RNA?

Which statement best describes why a nucleic acid is an "acid"?

Which of the following statements best describes why the sugar phosphate nucleic acid backbone is on the outer part of the DNA double helix while the nitrogen bases are on the inside of the double helix?

Where is HIV′s DNA translated into proteins?

Measuring Matter and Energy

Atomic Structure and Nuclear Radiation

Compounds and Molecules

Chemical Quantities and Chemical Reactions

Changes of State and the Gas Laws

Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons

Organic Chemistry and Biomolecules

Solutions, Colloids and Membranes

Acids and Bases

The Reactions of Organic Functional Groups in Biochemistry

Carbohydrates: Structure and Function

Lipids: Structure and Function

Proteins: Structure and Function

Energy and Metabolism

Filters

Exam 14: Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

What is the best name for the type of bond that forms between a sugar and a nitrogen base in a nucleotide?

If the DNA sequence 5′-CCTATCGA-3′ was the template for transcription into mRNA, the sequence of the resulting RNA would be

If an organism has 22% thymine in its DNA, it will have

Why is HIV called a retrovirus?

Which molecule catalyzes the synthesis of a new mRNA molecule from the DNA template strand?

How is the amino acid attached to the tRNA molecule?

The nucleoside below is found in DNA and not RNA. Which of the following statements supports this molecule being a DNA nucleoside?

Which statement best describes how a mutation can lead to cancer?

A normal DNA sequence is 5′-GTA GCA TCA CCA-3′. If the DNA sequence mutated to 5′-GCA GCA TCA CCA-3′, how would the peptide sequence be affected?

Which carbon is the anomeric carbon?

In the diagram below, letter F is _______, letter E is__________, and letter B is____.

What is the sequence of the following nucleic acid?

Which of the following statements about DNA in the human body is TRUE?

The boxed portion of the following structure represents a

How many different types of nucleotides are found in DNA?

Which part of the DNA strand is the most polar, and what is the significance of that polarity?

Which of the following monosaccharides is found in RNA?

Which statement best describes why a nucleic acid is an "acid"?

Which of the following statements best describes why the sugar phosphate nucleic acid backbone is on the outer part of the DNA double helix while the nitrogen bases are on the inside of the double helix?

Where is HIV′s DNA translated into proteins?

Measuring Matter and Energy

Atomic Structure and Nuclear Radiation

Compounds and Molecules

Chemical Quantities and Chemical Reactions

Changes of State and the Gas Laws

Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons

Organic Chemistry and Biomolecules

Solutions, Colloids and Membranes

Acids and Bases

The Reactions of Organic Functional Groups in Biochemistry

Carbohydrates: Structure and Function

Lipids: Structure and Function

Proteins: Structure and Function

Energy and Metabolism

Filters

In the diagram below, letter F is _, letter E is, and letter B is.