Question 1

________ is a medical procedure that prevents oocytes from reaching the uterus.

Accepted Answer

A)  Vasectomy 
B)  Endometriosis 
C)  Tubal ligation 
D)  Coitus interruptus 
A)  Vasectomy 
B)  Endometriosis 
C)  Tubal ligation 
D)  Coitus interruptus

Question 2

A pregnant woman comes into the hospital past her due date. The doctor decides it is time for the baby to be delivered. Before performing a cesarean section, the doctor wants to try to induce labor. Which of the following would she most likely inject?

Accepted Answer

A)  progesterone 
B)  luteinizing hormone (LH) 
C)  follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 
D)  oxytocin 
A)  progesterone 
B)  luteinizing hormone (LH) 
C)  follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 
D)  oxytocin

Question 3

During human gestation, rudiments of all organs develop

Accepted Answer

A)  in the first trimester. 
B)  in the second trimester. 
C)  in the third trimester. 
D)  during the blastocyst stage. 
A)  in the first trimester. 
B)  in the second trimester. 
C)  in the third trimester. 
D)  during the blastocyst stage.

Question 4

Which of the following are similar between spermatogenesis and oogenesis in vertebrate animals? Both oogenesis and spermatogenesis ________.
I.begin at the onset of sexual maturity
II.result in the production of four functional haploid cells from one diploid cell
III.lead to the production of gametes from germ cells
IV.are complete at the time of birth

Accepted Answer

A)  Both I and II 
B)  Both III and IV 
C)  Both II and III 
D)  Only III 
A)  Both I and II 
B)  Both III and IV 
C)  Both II and III 
D)  Only III

Question 5

Once uterine contractions have begun, the female body releases several hormones that act in a positive feedback loop. The purpose of this feedback loop is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  to promote the development of a new follicle 
B)  to ensure continued contractions until labor is complete 
C)  inhibit the release of prostaglandins 
D)  decrease the number of oxytocin receptors in the uterus 
A)  to promote the development of a new follicle 
B)  to ensure continued contractions until labor is complete 
C)  inhibit the release of prostaglandins 
D)  decrease the number of oxytocin receptors in the uterus

Question 6

Sexual reproduction ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  allows animals to conserve resources and reproduce only during optimal conditions 
B)  can produce diverse phenotypes that may enhance survival of a population in a changing environment 
C)  enables males and females to remain isolated from each other while rapidly colonizing habitats 
D)  guarantees that both parents will provide care for each offspring 
A)  allows animals to conserve resources and reproduce only during optimal conditions 
B)  can produce diverse phenotypes that may enhance survival of a population in a changing environment 
C)  enables males and females to remain isolated from each other while rapidly colonizing habitats 
D)  guarantees that both parents will provide care for each offspring

Question 7

Which statement about human reproduction is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fertilization occurs in the oviduct. 
B)  Spermatogenesis and oogenesis require different temperatures. 
C)  An oocyte completes meiosis after a sperm penetrates it. 
D)  The earliest stages of spermatogenesis occur closest to the lumen of the seminiferous tubules. 
A)  Fertilization occurs in the oviduct. 
B)  Spermatogenesis and oogenesis require different temperatures. 
C)  An oocyte completes meiosis after a sperm penetrates it. 
D)  The earliest stages of spermatogenesis occur closest to the lumen of the seminiferous tubules.

Question 8

Which of the following characterizes parthenogenesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  An individual may change its sex during its lifetime. 
B)  Specialized groups of cells grow into new individuals. 
C)  An organism is first a male and then a female. 
D)  An egg develops without being fertilized. 
A)  An individual may change its sex during its lifetime. 
B)  Specialized groups of cells grow into new individuals. 
C)  An organism is first a male and then a female. 
D)  An egg develops without being fertilized.

Question 9

Which of the following is a true statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  All mammals have menstrual cycles. 
B)  The endometrial lining is shed in menstrual cycles but reabsorbed in estrous cycles. 
C)  Estrous cycles are more frequent than menstrual cycles. 
D)  Ovulation occurs before the endometrium thickens in estrous cycles. 
A)  All mammals have menstrual cycles. 
B)  The endometrial lining is shed in menstrual cycles but reabsorbed in estrous cycles. 
C)  Estrous cycles are more frequent than menstrual cycles. 
D)  Ovulation occurs before the endometrium thickens in estrous cycles.

Question 10

A physician finds that a nine-year-old male patient is entering puberty much earlier than usual. Such a condition is most likely the result of a tumor in the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  hypothalamus, producing elevated levels of testosterone 
B)  anterior pituitary, producing elevated levels of testosterone 
C)  testes, producing elevated levels of estrogen 
D)  anterior pituitary, producing elevated levels of gonadotropins 
A)  hypothalamus, producing elevated levels of testosterone 
B)  anterior pituitary, producing elevated levels of testosterone 
C)  testes, producing elevated levels of estrogen 
D)  anterior pituitary, producing elevated levels of gonadotropins

Question 11

The surgical removal of the seminal vesicles would likely ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cause sterility because sperm would not be produced 
B)  cause sterility because sperm would not be able to exit the body 
C)  greatly reduce the volume of semen 
D)  cause the testes to migrate back into the abdominal cavity 
A)  cause sterility because sperm would not be produced 
B)  cause sterility because sperm would not be able to exit the body 
C)  greatly reduce the volume of semen 
D)  cause the testes to migrate back into the abdominal cavity

Question 12

What makes sexually reproduced offspring genetically different from their parents?

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic recombination during meiosis 
B)  genetic recombination during mitosis 
C)  crossing over during mitosis 
D)  Sexual reproduction does not produce genetically different offspring. 
A)  genetic recombination during meiosis 
B)  genetic recombination during mitosis 
C)  crossing over during mitosis 
D)  Sexual reproduction does not produce genetically different offspring.

Question 13

On a submarine expedition to the ocean bottom, you discover a population of fish that are only female. What type of reproduction does this fish most likely use?

Accepted Answer

A)  sexual 
B)  budding 
C)  cloning 
D)  parthenogenesis 
A)  sexual 
B)  budding 
C)  cloning 
D)  parthenogenesis

Question 14

For water fleas of the genus Daphnia, switching from a pattern of asexual reproduction to sexual reproduction coincides with ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  environmental conditions becoming more favorable for offspring 
B)  greater abundance of food resources for offspring 
C)  periods of temperature or food stresses on adults 
D)  exhaustion of an individual's supply of eggs 
A)  environmental conditions becoming more favorable for offspring 
B)  greater abundance of food resources for offspring 
C)  periods of temperature or food stresses on adults 
D)  exhaustion of an individual's supply of eggs

Question 15

For which of the following is the number the same in human males and females?

Accepted Answer

A)  interruptions in meiotic divisions 
B)  functional gametes produced by meiosis 
C)  meiotic divisions required to produce each gamete 
D)  different cell types produced by meiosis 
A)  interruptions in meiotic divisions 
B)  functional gametes produced by meiosis 
C)  meiotic divisions required to produce each gamete 
D)  different cell types produced by meiosis

Question 16

Use the following information to answer the question.
Estrogens found in the environment have raised concerns about effects on reproductive health of animals. Researchers studied the effects that estrogens in the water have on sexual differentiation in zebrafish. They exposed embryo-larval (0-21 days post-hatching), juvenile (21-42 days post-hatching), and adult (over 200 days post-hatching) fish to three concentrations of 17β-estradiol (5, 25, and 100 nanograms/liter) that are within the range of concentrations found in water leaving sewage treatment plants in different countries. They then examined the proportion of males and females when the fish exposed at embryo-larval and juvenile stages reached adulthood. Embryo-larval stage fish that had been exposed to 100 ng/l 17β-estradiol resulted in adult populations that had substantially more females than males compared to control groups. Embryo-larval fish that had been exposed to 5 and 25 ng/l of 17β-estradiol did not show a statistically significant shift in the proportion of females. (Brion, F., C. R. Tyler, X. Palazzi, B. Laillet, J. M. Porcher, J. Garric, and P. Flammarion. 2004. Impacts of 17β-estradiol, including environmentally relevant concentrations, on reproduction after exposure during embryo-larval-, juvenile-, and adult-life stages in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Aquatic Toxicology 68:193-217.)
What is the significance of using the concentrations of 5, 25, and 100 ng/l of 17β-estradiol in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  These concentrations are similar to those found in many animals. 
B)  These concentrations are found in the environment. 
C)  These concentrations are effective, yet not lethal to the fish. 
D)  These concentrations are standard in toxicology assays. 
A)  These concentrations are similar to those found in many animals. 
B)  These concentrations are found in the environment. 
C)  These concentrations are effective, yet not lethal to the fish. 
D)  These concentrations are standard in toxicology assays.

Question 17

Two contraceptive methods that are considered permanent and that block the gametes from moving to a site where fertilization can occur are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the male condom and female condom 
B)  the male condom and oral contraceptives 
C)  vasectomy and tubal ligation 
D)  the diaphragm and subcutaneous progesterone implant 
A)  the male condom and female condom 
B)  the male condom and oral contraceptives 
C)  vasectomy and tubal ligation 
D)  the diaphragm and subcutaneous progesterone implant

Question 18

For which of the following is the number the same in spermatogenesis and oogenesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  timing of meiotic divisions 
B)  functional gametes produced by meiosis 
C)  meiotic divisions required to produce each gamete 
D)  different cell types produced by meiosis 
A)  timing of meiotic divisions 
B)  functional gametes produced by meiosis 
C)  meiotic divisions required to produce each gamete 
D)  different cell types produced by meiosis

Question 19

Animals that have external fertilization are most likely to reproduce in which of the following areas?

Accepted Answer

A)  sand dune 
B)  polar ice sheet 
C)  shallow lake 
D)  tallgrass prairie 
A)  sand dune 
B)  polar ice sheet 
C)  shallow lake 
D)  tallgrass prairie

Question 20

The primary difference between estrous and menstrual cycles is that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the endometrium shed by the uterus during the estrous cycle is reabsorbed with no extensive fluid flow out of the body, whereas the shed endometrium of menstrual cycles is excreted from the body 
B)  behavioral changes during estrous cycles are much less apparent than those of menstrual cycles 
C)  season and climate have less pronounced effects on estrous cycles than they do on menstrual cycles 
D)  copulation normally occurs across the estrous cycle, whereas in menstrual cycles copulation only occurs during the period surrounding ovulation 
A)  the endometrium shed by the uterus during the estrous cycle is reabsorbed with no extensive fluid flow out of the body, whereas the shed endometrium of menstrual cycles is excreted from the body 
B)  behavioral changes during estrous cycles are much less apparent than those of menstrual cycles 
C)  season and climate have less pronounced effects on estrous cycles than they do on menstrual cycles 
D)  copulation normally occurs across the estrous cycle, whereas in menstrual cycles copulation only occurs during the period surrounding ovulation

Exam 46: Animal Reproduction

________ is a medical procedure that prevents oocytes from reaching the uterus.

A pregnant woman comes into the hospital past her due date. The doctor decides it is time for the baby to be delivered. Before performing a cesarean section, the doctor wants to try to induce labor. Which of the following would she most likely inject?

During human gestation, rudiments of all organs develop

Once uterine contractions have begun, the female body releases several hormones that act in a positive feedback loop. The purpose of this feedback loop is ________.

Sexual reproduction ________.

Which statement about human reproduction is false?

Which of the following characterizes parthenogenesis?

Which of the following is a true statement?

A physician finds that a nine-year-old male patient is entering puberty much earlier than usual. Such a condition is most likely the result of a tumor in the ________.

The surgical removal of the seminal vesicles would likely ________.

What makes sexually reproduced offspring genetically different from their parents?

On a submarine expedition to the ocean bottom, you discover a population of fish that are only female. What type of reproduction does this fish most likely use?

For water fleas of the genus Daphnia, switching from a pattern of asexual reproduction to sexual reproduction coincides with ________.

For which of the following is the number the same in human males and females?

Two contraceptive methods that are considered permanent and that block the gametes from moving to a site where fertilization can occur are ________.

For which of the following is the number the same in spermatogenesis and oogenesis?

Animals that have external fertilization are most likely to reproduce in which of the following areas?

The primary difference between estrous and menstrual cycles is that ________.

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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