Question 1

Super cells characteristic of plasmodial slime molds result when which one of the following common cellular processes does not occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  mitosis 
B)  cytokinesis 
C)  aerobic metabolism 
D)  endocytosis 
A)  mitosis 
B)  cytokinesis 
C)  aerobic metabolism 
D)  endocytosis

Question 2

The chloroplasts of land plants are thought to have been derived according to which evolutionary sequence?

Accepted Answer

A)  cyanobacteria → green algae → land plants 
B)  cyanobacteria → green algae → fungi → land plants 
C)  red algae → brown algae → green algae → land plants 
D)  cyanobacteria → red algae → green algae → land plants 
A)  cyanobacteria → green algae → land plants 
B)  cyanobacteria → green algae → fungi → land plants 
C)  red algae → brown algae → green algae → land plants 
D)  cyanobacteria → red algae → green algae → land plants

Question 3

You are given an unknown organism to identify. It is unicellular and heterotrophic. It is motile, using many short extensions of the cytoplasm, each featuring the 9 + 2 filament pattern. It has well-developed organelles and two nuclei, one large and one small. This organism is most likely to be a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  foraminiferan 
B)  radiolarian 
C)  ciliate 
D)  kinetoplastid 
A)  foraminiferan 
B)  radiolarian 
C)  ciliate 
D)  kinetoplastid

Question 4

In order to determine the "root" of the eukaryote phylogenetic tree, scientists should ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  compare the myosin genes in amoebozoans and opisthokonts 
B)  compare the sequences of chloroplast genes of green algae and plants 
C)  sequence more nuclear genes in green algae and plants 
D)  sequence more nuclear genes in slime molds and other unikonts 
A)  compare the myosin genes in amoebozoans and opisthokonts 
B)  compare the sequences of chloroplast genes of green algae and plants 
C)  sequence more nuclear genes in green algae and plants 
D)  sequence more nuclear genes in slime molds and other unikonts

Question 5

Green algae differ from land plants in that many green algae ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are unicellular 
B)  have plastids 
C)  have alternation of generations 
D)  have cell walls containing cellulose 
A)  are unicellular 
B)  have plastids 
C)  have alternation of generations 
D)  have cell walls containing cellulose

Question 6

Use the following figure to answer the question.
 
"Rare events" can help us understand evolutionary events, as shown in the figure. Which of the following statements explains the logic of this approach?

Accepted Answer

A)  Organisms with the mutation evolved convergently. 
B)  The mutation provided an adaptive advantage to the organisms that contained it. 
C)  Because the mutation likely occurred only once, all organisms with the mutation have a common ancestor with the mutation. 
D)  "Reverse evolution" does not occur. 
A)  Organisms with the mutation evolved convergently. 
B)  The mutation provided an adaptive advantage to the organisms that contained it. 
C)  Because the mutation likely occurred only once, all organisms with the mutation have a common ancestor with the mutation. 
D)  "Reverse evolution" does not occur.

Question 7

You are given four test tubes, each containing an unknown protist, and your task is to read the following description and match these four protists to the correct test tube.
When light, especially red and blue light, is shone on the tubes, oxygen bubbles accumulate on the inside of test tubes 1 and 2. Chemical analysis of test tube 1 indicates the presence of a chemical that is toxic to fish and humans. Chemical analysis of test tube 2 indicates the presence of substantial amounts of silica. Microscopic analysis of organisms in test tubes 1, 3, and 4 reveals the presence of permanent, membrane-bounded sacs just under the plasma membrane. Microscopic analysis of organisms in test tube 3 reveals the presence of an apicoplast in each. Microscopic analysis of the contents in test tube 4 reveals the presence of one large nucleus and one small nucleus in each organism.
Test tube 4 contains ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Paramecium 
B)  Pfiesteria (dinoflagellate) 
C)  Entamoeba 
D)  Plasmodium 
A)  Paramecium 
B)  Pfiesteria (dinoflagellate) 
C)  Entamoeba 
D)  Plasmodium

Question 8

Use the following description and table to answer the question.
Diatoms are encased in petri-plate-like cases (valves) made of translucent hydrated silica whose thickness can be varied. The material used to store excess calories can also be varied. At certain times, diatoms store excess calories in the form of the liquid polysaccharide, laminarin, and at other times as oil. The following are data concerning the density (specific gravity) of various components of diatoms, and of their environment.
Specific Gravities of Materials Relevant to Diatoms
 
Water's density and, consequently, its buoyancy decrease at warmer temperatures. Based on this consideration, and using data from the table above, at which time of year should one expect diatoms to be storing excess calories mostly as oil?

Accepted Answer

A)  mid-winter 
B)  early spring 
C)  late summer 
D)  late fall 
A)  mid-winter 
B)  early spring 
C)  late summer 
D)  late fall

Question 9

Trypanosome infections evade attacks by host immune systems through which of the following mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  production of new cell-surface proteins with a different molecular structure by each new generation 
B)  production of toxins that kill lymphocytes 
C)  insertion of its DNA into the nuclear DNA of host cells 
D)  infection of lymphocytes leading to a decline in the host's ability to fight infection 
A)  production of new cell-surface proteins with a different molecular structure by each new generation 
B)  production of toxins that kill lymphocytes 
C)  insertion of its DNA into the nuclear DNA of host cells 
D)  infection of lymphocytes leading to a decline in the host's ability to fight infection

Question 10

According to the phylogeny presented in this chapter, which protists are in the same eukaryotic supergroup as plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  green algae 
B)  dinoflagellates 
C)  red algae 
D)  both A and C 
A)  green algae 
B)  dinoflagellates 
C)  red algae 
D)  both A and C

Question 11

You are given four test tubes, each containing an unknown protist, and your task is to read the following description and match these four protists to the correct test tube.
When light, especially red and blue light, is shone on the tubes, oxygen bubbles accumulate on the inside of test tubes 1 and 2. Chemical analysis of test tube 1 indicates the presence of a chemical that is toxic to fish and humans. Chemical analysis of test tube 2 indicates the presence of substantial amounts of silica. Microscopic analysis of organisms in test tubes 1, 3, and 4 reveals the presence of permanent, membrane-bounded sacs just under the plasma membrane. Microscopic analysis of organisms in test tube 3 reveals the presence of an apicoplast in each. Microscopic analysis of the contents in test tube 4 reveals the presence of one large nucleus and one small nucleus in each organism.
Test tube 1 contains ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Paramecium 
B)  Pfiesteria (dinoflagellate) 
C)  Entamoeba 
D)  Plasmodium 
A)  Paramecium 
B)  Pfiesteria (dinoflagellate) 
C)  Entamoeba 
D)  Plasmodium

Question 12

Use the following description and table to answer the question.
Diatoms are encased in petri-plate-like cases (valves) made of translucent hydrated silica whose thickness can be varied. The material used to store excess calories can also be varied. At certain times, diatoms store excess calories in the form of the liquid polysaccharide, laminarin, and at other times as oil. The following are data concerning the density (specific gravity) of various components of diatoms, and of their environment.
Specific Gravities of Materials Relevant to Diatoms
 
Water's density and, consequently, its buoyancy decrease at warmer temperatures. Considering the impact of temperature, and the table above, in which environment should diatoms sinking be slowest?

Accepted Answer

A)  cold fresh water 
B)  warm fresh water 
C)  cold seawater 
D)  warm seawater 
A)  cold fresh water 
B)  warm fresh water 
C)  cold seawater 
D)  warm seawater

Question 13

Consider the following data:
(a) Most ancient eukaryotes are unicellular.
(b) All eukaryotes alive today have a nucleus and cytoskeleton.
(c) Most ancient eukaryotes lack a cell wall. Which of the following conclusions could reasonably follow the data presented? The first eukaryote may have been ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  very similar to a plant cell 
B)  anaerobic 
C)  capable of phagocytosis 
D)  photosynthetic 
A)  very similar to a plant cell 
B)  anaerobic 
C)  capable of phagocytosis 
D)  photosynthetic

Question 14

SAR is a group defined by DNA similarities. This grouping represents ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a paraphyletic group 
B)  a hypothesis about evolutionary history 
C)  a catch-all group that links many unrelated organisms 
D)  a demonstration that DNA similarities cannot reveal evolutionary history 
A)  a paraphyletic group 
B)  a hypothesis about evolutionary history 
C)  a catch-all group that links many unrelated organisms 
D)  a demonstration that DNA similarities cannot reveal evolutionary history

Question 15

A P. bursaria cell that has lost its zoochlorellae is aposymbiotic. If aposymbiotic cells have population growth rates the same as those of healthy, zoochlorella-containing P. bursaria in well-lit environments with plenty of prey items, then such an observation would be consistent with which type of relationship?

Accepted Answer

A)  parasitic 
B)  competitive 
C)  toxic 
D)  mutualistic 
A)  parasitic 
B)  competitive 
C)  toxic 
D)  mutualistic

Question 16

Dinoflagellates ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  possess two flagella 
B)  are all autotrophic 
C)  lack mitochondria 
D)  include species that cause malaria 
A)  possess two flagella 
B)  are all autotrophic 
C)  lack mitochondria 
D)  include species that cause malaria

Question 17

Which group is incorrectly paired with its description?

Accepted Answer

A)  diatoms-important producers in aquatic communities 
B)  red algae-eukaryotes that acquired plastids by secondary endosymbiosis 
C)  apicomplexans-unicellular parasites with intricate life cycles 
D)  diplomonads-unicellular eukaryotes with modified mitochondria 
A)  diatoms-important producers in aquatic communities 
B)  red algae-eukaryotes that acquired plastids by secondary endosymbiosis 
C)  apicomplexans-unicellular parasites with intricate life cycles 
D)  diplomonads-unicellular eukaryotes with modified mitochondria

Question 18

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  have the same evolutionary origin 
B)  have different structures 
C)  require different sources of energy 
D)  contain their own DNA 
A)  have the same evolutionary origin 
B)  have different structures 
C)  require different sources of energy 
D)  contain their own DNA

Question 19

Which of the following groups is matched with a correct anatomical feature?

Accepted Answer

A)  foraminifera → silicon-rich tests 
B)  dinoflagellata → holdfast 
C)  diatoms → tests made of cellulose 
D)  brown algae → blade 
A)  foraminifera → silicon-rich tests 
B)  dinoflagellata → holdfast 
C)  diatoms → tests made of cellulose 
D)  brown algae → blade

Question 20

Which of the following pairs of protists and their ecological roles are correctly matched?

Accepted Answer

A)  apicomplexans-parasites of animals 
B)  euglenozoans-primarily mixotrophic 
C)  dinoflagellates-parasites of plants 
D)  entamoebas-free-living soil organisms 
A)  apicomplexans-parasites of animals 
B)  euglenozoans-primarily mixotrophic 
C)  dinoflagellates-parasites of plants 
D)  entamoebas-free-living soil organisms

Exam 28: Protists

Super cells characteristic of plasmodial slime molds result when which one of the following common cellular processes does not occur?

The chloroplasts of land plants are thought to have been derived according to which evolutionary sequence?

In order to determine the "root" of the eukaryote phylogenetic tree, scientists should ________.

Green algae differ from land plants in that many green algae ________.

Use the following figure to answer the question. "Rare events" can help us understand evolutionary events, as shown in the figure. Which of the following statements explains the logic of this approach?

Trypanosome infections evade attacks by host immune systems through which of the following mechanisms?

According to the phylogeny presented in this chapter, which protists are in the same eukaryotic supergroup as plants?

SAR is a group defined by DNA similarities. This grouping represents ________.

Dinoflagellates ________.

Which group is incorrectly paired with its description?

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella ________.

Which of the following groups is matched with a correct anatomical feature?

Which of the following pairs of protists and their ecological roles are correctly matched?

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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