Question 1

Which of the functional groups is not reactive but serves as a recognizable tag on the DNA molecule and alter the expression of genes in the cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  amino 
B)  methyl 
C)  carboxyl 
D)  hydroxyl 
A)  amino 
B)  methyl 
C)  carboxyl 
D)  hydroxyl

Question 2

A carbon atom has 6 electrons however, its valency is 4. This is because the carbon atom ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  donates its 2 electrons to another atom 
B)  shares its 2 electrons and bonds with another atom 
C)  has 4 electrons in its first shell and 2 in the second shell 
D)  has only 2 electrons in its first shell and 4 in the second shell 
A)  donates its 2 electrons to another atom 
B)  shares its 2 electrons and bonds with another atom 
C)  has 4 electrons in its first shell and 2 in the second shell 
D)  has only 2 electrons in its first shell and 4 in the second shell

Question 3

Use the figure to answer the question.
 
Thalidomide and L-dopa (see figure) are examples of pharmaceutical drugs that occur as enantiomers, or molecules that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  have identical three-dimensional shapes 
B)  are mirror images of one another 
C)  are mirror images of one another and have the same biological activity 
D)  are cis-trans isomers 
A)  have identical three-dimensional shapes 
B)  are mirror images of one another 
C)  are mirror images of one another and have the same biological activity 
D)  are cis-trans isomers

Question 4

Use the figures to answer the question.
 
Which molecule shown above contains a functional group that is a part of the molecule known as the "energy currency of living organisms"?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D

Question 5

Why is carbon so important in biology?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a common element on Earth. 
B)  It has very little electronegativity, making it a good electron donor. 
C)  It bonds to only a few other elements. 
D)  It can form a variety of carbon skeletons and host functional groups. 
A)  It is a common element on Earth. 
B)  It has very little electronegativity, making it a good electron donor. 
C)  It bonds to only a few other elements. 
D)  It can form a variety of carbon skeletons and host functional groups.

Question 6

Use the figure to answer the question.
 
What is the name of the functional group shown in the figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbonyl 
B)  ketone 
C)  aldehyde 
D)  carboxyl 
A)  carbonyl 
B)  ketone 
C)  aldehyde 
D)  carboxyl

Question 7

Use the figures to answer the question.
 
Which molecule shown contains a carboxyl group?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D

Question 8

The experimental approach taken in current biological investigations presumes that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  simple organic compounds can be synthesized in the laboratory from inorganic precursors, but complex organic compounds like carbohydrates and proteins can be synthesized only by living organisms 
B)  a life force ultimately controls the activities of living organisms, and this life force cannot be studied by physical or chemical methods 
C)  living organisms are composed of the same elements present in nonliving things, plus a few special trace elements found only in living organisms or their products 
D)  living organisms can be understood in terms of the same physical and chemical laws that can be used to explain all natural phenomena 
A)  simple organic compounds can be synthesized in the laboratory from inorganic precursors, but complex organic compounds like carbohydrates and proteins can be synthesized only by living organisms 
B)  a life force ultimately controls the activities of living organisms, and this life force cannot be studied by physical or chemical methods 
C)  living organisms are composed of the same elements present in nonliving things, plus a few special trace elements found only in living organisms or their products 
D)  living organisms can be understood in terms of the same physical and chemical laws that can be used to explain all natural phenomena

Question 9

Stanley Miller's 1953 experiments supported the hypothesis that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  life on Earth arose from simple inorganic molecules 
B)  organic molecules can be synthesized abiotically under conditions that may have existed on early Earth 
C)  life on Earth arose from simple organic molecules, with energy from lightning and volcanoes 
D)  the conditions on early Earth were conducive to the origin of life 
A)  life on Earth arose from simple inorganic molecules 
B)  organic molecules can be synthesized abiotically under conditions that may have existed on early Earth 
C)  life on Earth arose from simple organic molecules, with energy from lightning and volcanoes 
D)  the conditions on early Earth were conducive to the origin of life

Question 10

Organic molecules with only hydrogens and five carbon atoms cannot ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  have a branching carbon skeleton 
B)  have different combinations of double bonds between carbon atoms 
C)  have different positions of double bonds between carbon atoms 
D)  form enantiomers 
A)  have a branching carbon skeleton 
B)  have different combinations of double bonds between carbon atoms 
C)  have different positions of double bonds between carbon atoms 
D)  form enantiomers

Question 11

Miller's classic experiment demonstrated that a discharge of sparks through a mixture of gases could result in the formation of a large variety of organic compounds. Miller did not use ________ as one of the gases in his experiment.

Accepted Answer

A)  methane 
B)  oxygen 
C)  water 
D)  ammonia 
A)  methane 
B)  oxygen 
C)  water 
D)  ammonia

Question 12

Organic chemistry is currently defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  the study of compounds made only by living cells. 
B)  the study of carbon compounds. 
C)  the study of natural (as opposed to synthetic) compounds. 
D)  the study of hydrocarbons. 
A)  the study of compounds made only by living cells. 
B)  the study of carbon compounds. 
C)  the study of natural (as opposed to synthetic) compounds. 
D)  the study of hydrocarbons.

Question 13

Use the following figure to answer the question.
 
The figure shows the structures of glucose and fructose. These two molecules are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  isotopes 
B)  enantiomers 
C)  cis-trans isomers 
D)  structural isomers 
A)  isotopes 
B)  enantiomers 
C)  cis-trans isomers 
D)  structural isomers

Question 14

Which of the following molecules is polar?
C₃H₇OHC₂H₅COOH

Accepted Answer

A)  C₃H₇OH and C₂H₅COOH are both polar molecules. 
B)  Neither C₂H₅COOH or C₃H₇OH is polar. 
C)  C₂H₅COOH is polar, but C₃H₇OH is not polar. 
D)  C₂H₅COOH is not polar, but C₃H₇OH is polar. 
A)  C₃H₇OH and C₂H₅COOH are both polar molecules. 
B)  Neither C₂H₅COOH or C₃H₇OH is polar. 
C)  C₂H₅COOH is polar, but C₃H₇OH is not polar. 
D)  C₂H₅COOH is not polar, but C₃H₇OH is polar.

Question 15

The complexity and variety of organic molecules is due to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the chemical versatility of carbon atoms 
B)  the variety of rare elements in organic molecules 
C)  the diverse bonding patterns of nitrogen 
D)  their interaction with water 
A)  the chemical versatility of carbon atoms 
B)  the variety of rare elements in organic molecules 
C)  the diverse bonding patterns of nitrogen 
D)  their interaction with water

Question 16

Use the following figure to answer the question.
 
The two molecules shown in the figure are best described as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  enantiomers 
B)  radioactive isotopes 
C)  structural isomers 
D)  cis-trans isomers 
A)  enantiomers 
B)  radioactive isotopes 
C)  structural isomers 
D)  cis-trans isomers

Question 17

Use the figures to answer the question.
 
Which molecules shown contain a carbonyl group?

Accepted Answer

A)  A and B 
B)  B and C 
C)  B, C, and D 
D)  C and D 
A)  A and B 
B)  B and C 
C)  B, C, and D 
D)  C and D

Question 18

A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond(s) with other atoms?

Accepted Answer

A)  ionic 
B)  hydrogen 
C)  covalent 
D)  ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds 
A)  ionic 
B)  hydrogen 
C)  covalent 
D)  ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds

Question 19

Use the figures to answer the question.
A. $ -\mathrm{OH} $
C. $ -\mathrm{NH}_{2} $
B.  
D. $ -\mathrm{SH} $
Which of the functional groups shown is present in ethanol but not in ethane?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D

Question 20

Some carbon skeletons have different numbers and locations of double bonds to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  add molecular complexity and diversity that characterize living matter 
B)  be more flexible that makes the molecule stronger 
C)  stay in its liquid state 
D)  increase its solubility in water 
A)  add molecular complexity and diversity that characterize living matter 
B)  be more flexible that makes the molecule stronger 
C)  stay in its liquid state 
D)  increase its solubility in water

Exam 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

Which of the functional groups is not reactive but serves as a recognizable tag on the DNA molecule and alter the expression of genes in the cells.

A carbon atom has 6 electrons however, its valency is 4. This is because the carbon atom ________.

Use the figure to answer the question. Thalidomide and L-dopa (see figure) are examples of pharmaceutical drugs that occur as enantiomers, or molecules that ________.

Use the figures to answer the question. Which molecule shown above contains a functional group that is a part of the molecule known as the "energy currency of living organisms"?

Why is carbon so important in biology?

Use the figure to answer the question. What is the name of the functional group shown in the figure?

Use the figures to answer the question. Which molecule shown contains a carboxyl group?

The experimental approach taken in current biological investigations presumes that ________.

Stanley Miller's 1953 experiments supported the hypothesis that ________.

Organic molecules with only hydrogens and five carbon atoms cannot ________.

Miller's classic experiment demonstrated that a discharge of sparks through a mixture of gases could result in the formation of a large variety of organic compounds. Miller did not use ________ as one of the gases in his experiment.

Organic chemistry is currently defined as

Use the following figure to answer the question. The figure shows the structures of glucose and fructose. These two molecules are ________.

Which of the following molecules is polar? C₃H₇OHC₂H₅COOH

The complexity and variety of organic molecules is due to ________.

Use the following figure to answer the question. The two molecules shown in the figure are best described as ________.

Use the figures to answer the question. Which molecules shown contain a carbonyl group?

A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond(s) with other atoms?

Use the figures to answer the question. A. −OH -\mathrm{OH} −OH C. −NH2 -\mathrm{NH}_{2} −NH2​ B. D. −SH -\mathrm{SH} −SH Which of the functional groups shown is present in ethanol but not in ethane?

Some carbon skeletons have different numbers and locations of double bonds to ________.

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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