Question 1

The partial negative charge at one end of a water molecule is attracted to the partial positive charge of another water molecule. What is this attraction called?

Accepted Answer

A)  a covalent bond 
B)  a hydrogen bond 
C)  an ionic bond 
D)  a van der Waals interaction 
A)  a covalent bond 
B)  a hydrogen bond 
C)  an ionic bond 
D)  a van der Waals interaction

Question 2

We can be sure that a mole of table sugar and a mole of vitamin C are equal in their

Accepted Answer

A)  mass. 
B)  volume. 
C)  number of atoms. 
D)  number of molecules. 
A)  mass. 
B)  volume. 
C)  number of atoms. 
D)  number of molecules.

Question 3

Which of the following is a hydrophobic material?

Accepted Answer

A)  paper 
B)  table salt 
C)  wax 
D)  sugar 
A)  paper 
B)  table salt 
C)  wax 
D)  sugar

Question 4

Use the following figure to answer the question.
 
Based on your knowledge of the polarity of water molecules, the solute molecule depicted is most likely ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  positively charged 
B)  negatively charged 
C)  without charge 
D)  nonpolar 
A)  positively charged 
B)  negatively charged 
C)  without charge 
D)  nonpolar

Question 5

Why is a steam burn more severe than a hot water burn?

Accepted Answer

A)  Burns caused by liquids are always milder. 
B)  Steam can penetrate into the skin. 
C)  Steam contains more energy than water. 
D)  Water evaporates and leaves the surface faster and helps in cooling. 
A)  Burns caused by liquids are always milder. 
B)  Steam can penetrate into the skin. 
C)  Steam contains more energy than water. 
D)  Water evaporates and leaves the surface faster and helps in cooling.

Question 6

Measurements show that the pH of a particular lake is 4.0. What is the hydrogen ion concentration of the lake?

Accepted Answer

A)  4.0 M 
B)  10⁻¹⁰ M 
C)  10⁻⁴ M 
D)  10⁴ M 
A)  4.0 M 
B)  10⁻¹⁰ M 
C)  10⁻⁴ M 
D)  10⁴ M

Question 7

Sulfur is in the same column of the periodic table as oxygen, but has electronegativity similar to carbon. Compared to water molecules, molecules of H₂S will ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  have greater cohesion to other molecules of H₂S 
B)  have a greater tendency to form hydrogen bonds with each other 
C)  have a higher capacity to absorb heat for the same change in temperature 
D)  not form hydrogen bonds with each other 
A)  have greater cohesion to other molecules of H₂S 
B)  have a greater tendency to form hydrogen bonds with each other 
C)  have a higher capacity to absorb heat for the same change in temperature 
D)  not form hydrogen bonds with each other

Question 8

If the cytoplasm of a cell is at pH 7, and the mitochondrial matrix is at pH 8, then the concentration of H⁺ ions ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is 10 times higher in the cytoplasm than in the mitochondrial matrix 
B)  is 10 times higher in the mitochondrial matrix than in the cytoplasm 
C)  in the cytoplasm is 7/8 the concentration in the mitochondrial matrix 
D)  in the cytoplasm is 8/7 the concentration in the mitochondrial matrix 
A)  is 10 times higher in the cytoplasm than in the mitochondrial matrix 
B)  is 10 times higher in the mitochondrial matrix than in the cytoplasm 
C)  in the cytoplasm is 7/8 the concentration in the mitochondrial matrix 
D)  in the cytoplasm is 8/7 the concentration in the mitochondrial matrix

Question 9

Consider two solutions: solution X has a pH of 4; solution Y has a pH of 7. From this information, we can reasonably conclude that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  solution Y has no free hydrogen ions (H⁺) 
B)  the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution Y is 1000 times as great as the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution X 
C)  the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution X is 3 times as great as the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution Y 
D)  the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution X is 1000 times as great as the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution Y 
A)  solution Y has no free hydrogen ions (H⁺) 
B)  the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution Y is 1000 times as great as the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution X 
C)  the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution X is 3 times as great as the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution Y 
D)  the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution X is 1000 times as great as the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution Y

Question 10

How many grams of the compound in the figure are required to make 1 liter of a 0.5 M solution? (Note: The atomic masses, in daltons, are approximately 12 for carbon, 1 for hydrogen, and 16 for oxygen.)

Accepted Answer

A)  30 
B)  60 
C)  90 
D)  120 
A)  30 
B)  60 
C)  90 
D)  120

Question 11

You have a freshly prepared 0.1 M sucrose (molecular mass 342) solution, which means ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  6.02 × 10²³ of sucrose molecules are present in the solution 
B)  6.02 × 10²² of sucrose molecules are present in the solution 
C)  34.2 g of sucrose is present in the solution 
D)  6.02 × 10²² of sucrose molecules or 34.2 g of sucrose is present in the solution 
A)  6.02 × 10²³ of sucrose molecules are present in the solution 
B)  6.02 × 10²² of sucrose molecules are present in the solution 
C)  34.2 g of sucrose is present in the solution 
D)  6.02 × 10²² of sucrose molecules or 34.2 g of sucrose is present in the solution

Question 12

Assume that acid rain has lowered the pH of a particular lake to pH 5.0. What is the hydroxide ion concentration of this lake?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 × 10⁻⁹ mol of hydroxide ions per liter of lake water 
B)  1 × 10⁻⁵ mol of hydroxide ions per liter of lake water 
C)  5.0 M hydroxide ion 
D)  5.0 × 10⁻⁵ mol of hydroxide ions per liter of lake water 
A)  1 × 10⁻⁹ mol of hydroxide ions per liter of lake water 
B)  1 × 10⁻⁵ mol of hydroxide ions per liter of lake water 
C)  5.0 M hydroxide ion 
D)  5.0 × 10⁻⁵ mol of hydroxide ions per liter of lake water

Question 13

The loss of water from a plant by transpiration cools the leaf. Movement of water in transpiration requires both adhesion to the conducting walls and wood fibers of the plant and cohesion of the molecules to each other. A scientist wanted to increase the rate of transpiration of a crop species to extend its range into warmer climates. The scientist substituted a nonpolar solution with an atomic mass similar to that of water for hydrating the plants. What do you expect the scientist's data will indicate from this experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  The rate of transpiration will be the same for both water and the nonpolar substance. 
B)  The rate of transpiration will be slightly lower with the nonpolar substance as the plant will not have evolved with the nonpolar compound. 
C)  Transpiration rates will fall to zero as nonpolar compounds do not have the properties necessary for adhesion and cohesion. 
D)  Transpiration rates will increase as nonpolar compounds undergo adhesion and cohesion with wood fibers more readily than water. 
A)  The rate of transpiration will be the same for both water and the nonpolar substance. 
B)  The rate of transpiration will be slightly lower with the nonpolar substance as the plant will not have evolved with the nonpolar compound. 
C)  Transpiration rates will fall to zero as nonpolar compounds do not have the properties necessary for adhesion and cohesion. 
D)  Transpiration rates will increase as nonpolar compounds undergo adhesion and cohesion with wood fibers more readily than water.

Question 14

Which of the following effects can occur because of the high surface tension of water?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lakes cannot freeze solid in winter, despite low temperatures. 
B)  A raft spider can walk across the surface of a small pond. 
C)  Organisms can resist temperature changes, although they give off heat due to chemical reactions. 
D)  Sweat can evaporate from the skin, helping to keep people from overheating. 
A)  Lakes cannot freeze solid in winter, despite low temperatures. 
B)  A raft spider can walk across the surface of a small pond. 
C)  Organisms can resist temperature changes, although they give off heat due to chemical reactions. 
D)  Sweat can evaporate from the skin, helping to keep people from overheating.

Question 15

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is readily soluble in water, according to the equation CO₂ + H₂O ↔ H₂CO₃. Carbonic acid (H₂CO₃) is a weak acid. If CO₂ is bubbled into a beaker containing pure, freshly distilled water, which of the following graphs correctly describes the results?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)

Question 16

In a single molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen bonds 
B)  nonpolar covalent bonds 
C)  polar covalent bonds 
D)  ionic bonds 
A)  hydrogen bonds 
B)  nonpolar covalent bonds 
C)  polar covalent bonds 
D)  ionic bonds

Question 17

Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere dissolves with the raindrops. The pH of raindrops is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  slightly acidic 
B)  slightly basic 
C)  same as pure water 
D)  depends on the altitude where rain drops are formed 
A)  slightly acidic 
B)  slightly basic 
C)  same as pure water 
D)  depends on the altitude where rain drops are formed

Question 18

A beaker contains 100 milliliters (mL) of NaOH solution at pH = 13. A technician carefully pours into the beaker 10 mL of HCl at pH = 1. Which of the following statements correctly describes the result of this mixing?

Accepted Answer

A)  The concentration of Na+ ions will rise. 
B)  The pH of the beaker's contents will increase. 
C)  The pH of the beaker's contents will be neutral. 
D)  The pH of the beaker's contents will decrease. 
A)  The concentration of Na+ ions will rise. 
B)  The pH of the beaker's contents will increase. 
C)  The pH of the beaker's contents will be neutral. 
D)  The pH of the beaker's contents will decrease.

Question 19

Low humidity in the atmosphere on a hot day ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  helps in cooling because skin absorbs water from the atmosphere 
B)  does not help in cooling because water evaporates from the skin faster 
C)  helps in cooling because water evaporates from the skin faster 
D)  does not help in cooling because skin absorbs water from the atmosphere 
A)  helps in cooling because skin absorbs water from the atmosphere 
B)  does not help in cooling because water evaporates from the skin faster 
C)  helps in cooling because water evaporates from the skin faster 
D)  does not help in cooling because skin absorbs water from the atmosphere

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true about buffer solutions?

Accepted Answer

A)  They maintain a constant pH of 7. 
B)  They maintain a constant pH when acids are added to them but not when bases are added to them. 
C)  They fluctuate in pH when either acids or bases are added to them. 
D)  They maintain a relatively constant pH when either acids or bases are added to them. 
A)  They maintain a constant pH of 7. 
B)  They maintain a constant pH when acids are added to them but not when bases are added to them. 
C)  They fluctuate in pH when either acids or bases are added to them. 
D)  They maintain a relatively constant pH when either acids or bases are added to them.

Exam 3: Water and Life

The partial negative charge at one end of a water molecule is attracted to the partial positive charge of another water molecule. What is this attraction called?

We can be sure that a mole of table sugar and a mole of vitamin C are equal in their

Which of the following is a hydrophobic material?

Use the following figure to answer the question. Based on your knowledge of the polarity of water molecules, the solute molecule depicted is most likely ________.

Why is a steam burn more severe than a hot water burn?

Measurements show that the pH of a particular lake is 4.0. What is the hydrogen ion concentration of the lake?

Sulfur is in the same column of the periodic table as oxygen, but has electronegativity similar to carbon. Compared to water molecules, molecules of H₂S will ________.

If the cytoplasm of a cell is at pH 7, and the mitochondrial matrix is at pH 8, then the concentration of H⁺ ions ________.

Consider two solutions: solution X has a pH of 4; solution Y has a pH of 7. From this information, we can reasonably conclude that ________.

How many grams of the compound in the figure are required to make 1 liter of a 0.5 M solution? (Note: The atomic masses, in daltons, are approximately 12 for carbon, 1 for hydrogen, and 16 for oxygen.)

You have a freshly prepared 0.1 M sucrose (molecular mass 342) solution, which means ________.

Assume that acid rain has lowered the pH of a particular lake to pH 5.0. What is the hydroxide ion concentration of this lake?

Which of the following effects can occur because of the high surface tension of water?

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is readily soluble in water, according to the equation CO₂ + H₂O ↔ H₂CO₃. Carbonic acid (H₂CO₃) is a weak acid. If CO₂ is bubbled into a beaker containing pure, freshly distilled water, which of the following graphs correctly describes the results?

In a single molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by ________.

Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere dissolves with the raindrops. The pH of raindrops is ________.

A beaker contains 100 milliliters (mL) of NaOH solution at pH = 13. A technician carefully pours into the beaker 10 mL of HCl at pH = 1. Which of the following statements correctly describes the result of this mixing?

Low humidity in the atmosphere on a hot day ________.

Which of the following statements is true about buffer solutions?

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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