Question 1

In terms of gender differences in personality,

Accepted Answer

A) women and men are most similar in North American and European communities. 
B) women tend to be more agreeable and more neurotic than men. 
C) women tend to be more extraverted and more open to experiences than men. 
D) women and men are most different from each other in Asian and African communities 
A) women and men are most similar in North American and European communities. 
B) women tend to be more agreeable and more neurotic than men. 
C) women tend to be more extraverted and more open to experiences than men. 
D) women and men are most different from each other in Asian and African communities

Question 2

Marta has a successful job, is married to a handsome and kind person, and has three intelligent children.What would you predict about Marta's self-esteem based on this information?

Accepted Answer

A) She will have high self-esteem but only in specific situations. 
B) She will have high self-esteem in general because she is successful in many areas of her life. 
C) She will experience moderate self-esteem compared to her peers but much higher self-esteem than people in general. 
D) We could predict very little about Marta's self-esteem based on this information. 
A) She will have high self-esteem but only in specific situations. 
B) She will have high self-esteem in general because she is successful in many areas of her life. 
C) She will experience moderate self-esteem compared to her peers but much higher self-esteem than people in general. 
D) We could predict very little about Marta's self-esteem based on this information.

Question 3

Which of the following accurately describes research findings on the biological basis of inhibited temperaments?

Accepted Answer

A) Adults who had been categorized as inhibited as children showed increased amygdala activation when presented with novel faces. 
B) Adults who had been categorized as inhibited as children showed increased serotonin activation when presented with novel faces. 
C) Inhibited temperaments are predicted by a particular genetic pattern. 
D) Inhibited temperaments are predicted by an increase in the size of the amygdala. 
A) Adults who had been categorized as inhibited as children showed increased amygdala activation when presented with novel faces. 
B) Adults who had been categorized as inhibited as children showed increased serotonin activation when presented with novel faces. 
C) Inhibited temperaments are predicted by a particular genetic pattern. 
D) Inhibited temperaments are predicted by an increase in the size of the amygdala.

Question 4

Rotter argues that people differ in their locus of control, by which he means

Accepted Answer

A) the degree to which they understand their circumstances. 
B) their relative responsiveness to reinforcement versus punishment. 
C) the extent to which they believe their fate is determined by their own actions. 
D) the extent to which they value their personal expectancies. 
A) the degree to which they understand their circumstances. 
B) their relative responsiveness to reinforcement versus punishment. 
C) the extent to which they believe their fate is determined by their own actions. 
D) the extent to which they value their personal expectancies.

Question 5

Your 2-year-old cousin appears to have an inhibited temperament.If you want to apply the research on shyness, you would tell your aunt

Accepted Answer

A) that shyness is primarily biological and she should seek medical help for her child. 
B) she should create a supportive and calm environment, but not shelter her child. 
C) she should limit exposure to novelty and stress so that the child does not have negative consequences. 
D) that the relationship between inhibited temperaments and adult anxiety is relatively small. 
A) that shyness is primarily biological and she should seek medical help for her child. 
B) she should create a supportive and calm environment, but not shelter her child. 
C) she should limit exposure to novelty and stress so that the child does not have negative consequences. 
D) that the relationship between inhibited temperaments and adult anxiety is relatively small.

Question 6

Across cultures, people become neurotic, extraverted, and conscientious as they age.

Accepted Answer

A) less; less; more 
B) less; less; less 
C) more; more; less 
D) more; more; more 
A) less; less; more 
B) less; less; less 
C) more; more; less 
D) more; more; more

Question 7

Which of the following is a strong situation?

Accepted Answer

A) playing at a playground with other children 
B) taking a standardized exam 
C) watching television at home by yourself 
D) talking with a friend at a coffee shop 
A) playing at a playground with other children 
B) taking a standardized exam 
C) watching television at home by yourself 
D) talking with a friend at a coffee shop

Question 8

How do the idiographic and nomothetic approaches to personality assessment differ?

Accepted Answer

A) Idiographic focuses on the unique characteristics of the individual, whereas nomothetic looks at how people vary on common characteristics. 
B) Idiographic uses objective tests, whereas nomothetic employs projective tests. 
C) Idiographic uses projective tests, whereas nomothetic employs objective tests. 
D) Idiographic looks at how people vary on common characteristics, whereas nomothetic focuses on the unique characteristics of the individual. 
A) Idiographic focuses on the unique characteristics of the individual, whereas nomothetic looks at how people vary on common characteristics. 
B) Idiographic uses objective tests, whereas nomothetic employs projective tests. 
C) Idiographic uses projective tests, whereas nomothetic employs objective tests. 
D) Idiographic looks at how people vary on common characteristics, whereas nomothetic focuses on the unique characteristics of the individual.

Question 9

How does infant temperament relate to adult personality?

Accepted Answer

A) Infant temperament correlates with overall adult personality but does not predict specific adult behavior patterns. 
B) Temperament is unstable, therefore there is not a consistent relationship between infant temperament and adult personality. 
C) Infant temperament correlates with both the general structure of adult personality and specific behavioral patterns observed in adults. 
D) Infant temperament predicts negative but not positive behavior patterns in adults. 
A) Infant temperament correlates with overall adult personality but does not predict specific adult behavior patterns. 
B) Temperament is unstable, therefore there is not a consistent relationship between infant temperament and adult personality. 
C) Infant temperament correlates with both the general structure of adult personality and specific behavioral patterns observed in adults. 
D) Infant temperament predicts negative but not positive behavior patterns in adults.

Question 10

According to research, men tend to be higher than women on which of the following traits?

Accepted Answer

A) attentiveness 
B) assertiveness 
C) agreeableness 
D) neuroticism 
A) attentiveness 
B) assertiveness 
C) agreeableness 
D) neuroticism

Question 11

In 1890, William James argued that "by age 30, the character [personality] has set like plaster and will never soften again." Has psychological research supported his assertion?

Accepted Answer

A) Yes, but his conclusion applies only within Western cultures. 
B) Generally yes, but he underestimated the age at which change is reduced. 
C) No, recent evidence indicates that dramatic changes occur at all ages. 
D) No, because it all depends on whether the individual stays in the same environment. 
A) Yes, but his conclusion applies only within Western cultures. 
B) Generally yes, but he underestimated the age at which change is reduced. 
C) No, recent evidence indicates that dramatic changes occur at all ages. 
D) No, because it all depends on whether the individual stays in the same environment.

Question 12

The correct order for the development of Freud's psychosexual stages is

Accepted Answer

A) phallic, oral, latency, anal, genital. 
B) oedipal, oral, anal, phallic, genital. 
C) oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital. 
D) anal, oral, latency, genital, phallic. 
A) phallic, oral, latency, anal, genital. 
B) oedipal, oral, anal, phallic, genital. 
C) oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital. 
D) anal, oral, latency, genital, phallic.

Question 13

Which of the following accurately describes the current understanding of defense mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

A) Defense mechanisms do help alleviate unconscious conflicts. 
B) Defense mechanisms are most evident in individuals with high self-esteem. 
C) The existence of many defense mechanisms has been supported in research. 
D) Very little research confirms the existence of defense mechanisms. 
A) Defense mechanisms do help alleviate unconscious conflicts. 
B) Defense mechanisms are most evident in individuals with high self-esteem. 
C) The existence of many defense mechanisms has been supported in research. 
D) Very little research confirms the existence of defense mechanisms.

Question 14

Imagine you have just met the person who is going to be your roommate next year.On the basis of what psychologists know about judgments of personality, to whom would you ask questions about what the new roommate is like, and why?

Accepted Answer

A) the future roommate, because self-descriptions have been found to be the best predictors of behavior 
B) the future roommate's current close acquaintances, because research has found that people are not always objective about some aspects of their own behavior 
C) other people in your dorm who do not know the person but have observed the future roommate's behavior, because they will be the most objective 
D) no one, because research has found that such descriptions usually cannot predict future behavior 
A) the future roommate, because self-descriptions have been found to be the best predictors of behavior 
B) the future roommate's current close acquaintances, because research has found that people are not always objective about some aspects of their own behavior 
C) other people in your dorm who do not know the person but have observed the future roommate's behavior, because they will be the most objective 
D) no one, because research has found that such descriptions usually cannot predict future behavior

Question 15

In Freud's model, mental activity

Accepted Answer

A) is divided into three zones or levels. 
B) is controlled by the ego. 
C) is entirely unconscious. 
D) originates in the libido. 
A) is divided into three zones or levels. 
B) is controlled by the ego. 
C) is entirely unconscious. 
D) originates in the libido.

Question 16

Recent psychological research suggests that parental influence on the personality of children is

Accepted Answer

A) weaker than had been previously assumed. 
B) stronger than psychologists had previously believed. 
C) strongest during the identity development stage of adolescence. 
D) strong in collectivistic cultures but weak in individualistic cultures. 
A) weaker than had been previously assumed. 
B) stronger than psychologists had previously believed. 
C) strongest during the identity development stage of adolescence. 
D) strong in collectivistic cultures but weak in individualistic cultures.

Question 17

In Gray's model, the behavioral approach system BAS) responds to , whereas the behavioral inhibition system BIS) responds to .

Accepted Answer

A) genetic factors; environmental factors 
B) rewards; punishments 
C) pain; pleasure 
D) social rejection; social approval 
A) genetic factors; environmental factors 
B) rewards; punishments 
C) pain; pleasure 
D) social rejection; social approval

Question 18

Cataline is from Zimbabwe in Africa.Wakako is from Japan.Which person is likely to rate herself higher on agreeableness?

Accepted Answer

A) Cataline 
B) Wakako 
C) both will rate themselves equally high 
D) both will rate themselves equally low 
A) Cataline 
B) Wakako 
C) both will rate themselves equally high 
D) both will rate themselves equally low

Question 19

According to , behavior is determined more by particular circumstances than by personality.

Accepted Answer

A) the Big Five 
B) nomothetic approaches 
C) situationism 
D) None of the answer options is correct. 
A) the Big Five 
B) nomothetic approaches 
C) situationism 
D) None of the answer options is correct.

Question 20

When people remember information about the self, which brain region is most active?

Accepted Answer

A) amygdala 
B) parietal lobe 
C) frontal lobes 
D) hypothalamus 
A) amygdala 
B) parietal lobe 
C) frontal lobes 
D) hypothalamus

In terms of gender differences in personality,

Marta has a successful job, is married to a handsome and kind person, and has three intelligent children.What would you predict about Marta's self-esteem based on this information?

Which of the following accurately describes research findings on the biological basis of inhibited temperaments?

Rotter argues that people differ in their locus of control, by which he means

Your 2-year-old cousin appears to have an inhibited temperament.If you want to apply the research on shyness, you would tell your aunt

Across cultures, people become neurotic, extraverted, and conscientious as they age.

Which of the following is a strong situation?

How do the idiographic and nomothetic approaches to personality assessment differ?

How does infant temperament relate to adult personality?

According to research, men tend to be higher than women on which of the following traits?

In 1890, William James argued that "by age 30, the character [personality] has set like plaster and will never soften again." Has psychological research supported his assertion?

The correct order for the development of Freud's psychosexual stages is

Which of the following accurately describes the current understanding of defense mechanisms?

Imagine you have just met the person who is going to be your roommate next year.On the basis of what psychologists know about judgments of personality, to whom would you ask questions about what the new roommate is like, and why?

In Freud's model, mental activity

Recent psychological research suggests that parental influence on the personality of children is

In Gray's model, the behavioral approach system BAS) responds to , whereas the behavioral inhibition system BIS) responds to .

Cataline is from Zimbabwe in Africa.Wakako is from Japan.Which person is likely to rate herself higher on agreeableness?

According to , behavior is determined more by particular circumstances than by personality.

When people remember information about the self, which brain region is most active?

The Science of Psychology

Research Methodology

Biology and Behaviour

Consciousness

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Memory

Thinking, Language and Intelligence

Human Development

Emotion and Motivation

Health and Wellbeing

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters

Exam 13: Personality

In terms of gender differences in personality,

Marta has a successful job, is married to a handsome and kind person, and has three intelligent children.What would you predict about Marta's self-esteem based on this information?

Which of the following accurately describes research findings on the biological basis of inhibited temperaments?

Rotter argues that people differ in their locus of control, by which he means

Your 2-year-old cousin appears to have an inhibited temperament.If you want to apply the research on shyness, you would tell your aunt

Across cultures, people become neurotic, extraverted, and conscientious as they age.

Which of the following is a strong situation?

How do the idiographic and nomothetic approaches to personality assessment differ?

How does infant temperament relate to adult personality?

According to research, men tend to be higher than women on which of the following traits?

In 1890, William James argued that "by age 30, the character [personality] has set like plaster and will never soften again." Has psychological research supported his assertion?

The correct order for the development of Freud's psychosexual stages is

Which of the following accurately describes the current understanding of defense mechanisms?

Imagine you have just met the person who is going to be your roommate next year.On the basis of what psychologists know about judgments of personality, to whom would you ask questions about what the new roommate is like, and why?

In Freud's model, mental activity

Recent psychological research suggests that parental influence on the personality of children is

In Gray's model, the behavioral approach system BAS) responds to , whereas the behavioral inhibition system BIS) responds to .

Cataline is from Zimbabwe in Africa.Wakako is from Japan.Which person is likely to rate herself higher on agreeableness?

According to , behavior is determined more by particular circumstances than by personality.

When people remember information about the self, which brain region is most active?

The Science of Psychology

Research Methodology

Biology and Behaviour

Consciousness

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Memory

Thinking, Language and Intelligence

Human Development

Emotion and Motivation

Health and Wellbeing

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters