Question 1

According to sociometer theory, if a person's sociometer indicates a low probability of rejection, the person has self-esteem.

Accepted Answer

A) low 
B) moderate 
C) high 
D) None of the answer options is correct. 
A) low 
B) moderate 
C) high 
D) None of the answer options is correct.

Question 2

Freud viewed the libido as .In contrast, today, we think of the libido as .

Accepted Answer

A) unrestrained sexual behavior; sexual desire 
B) one's unconscious motives; lust 
C) the motive to punish or harm others; attraction 
D) an energy that promotes pleasure-seeking; sexual drive 
A) unrestrained sexual behavior; sexual desire 
B) one's unconscious motives; lust 
C) the motive to punish or harm others; attraction 
D) an energy that promotes pleasure-seeking; sexual drive

Question 3

According to the textbook, what ability is most likely to be affected by frontal lobe damage?

Accepted Answer

A) expressing emotions 
B) processing information about the self 
C) forming opinions about specific topics 
D) evaluating other people's personalities 
A) expressing emotions 
B) processing information about the self 
C) forming opinions about specific topics 
D) evaluating other people's personalities

Question 4

Which of the following have Buss and Plomin 1984) identified as basic traits or temperaments in infants?

Accepted Answer

A) novelty seeking, shyness, and activation 
B) inhibition, extraversion, and sociability 
C) activity level, emotionality, and sociability 
D) shyness, sensation seeking, and agreeableness 
A) novelty seeking, shyness, and activation 
B) inhibition, extraversion, and sociability 
C) activity level, emotionality, and sociability 
D) shyness, sensation seeking, and agreeableness

Question 5

The strategy of "basking in the glow of reflected glory"

Accepted Answer

A) results in lower self-esteem. 
B) is a sign of unhealthy psychological functioning. 
C) is the same as the better-than-average effect. 
D) maintains self-esteem. 
A) results in lower self-esteem. 
B) is a sign of unhealthy psychological functioning. 
C) is the same as the better-than-average effect. 
D) maintains self-esteem.

Question 6

Rotter's theory of personality emphasizes

Accepted Answer

A) the effect of past patterns of reinforcement on behavior. 
B) biological factors as determinants of personality. 
C) the role of expectancies in guiding our behavior. 
D) the unconscious processes that dictate our actions in social situations. 
A) the effect of past patterns of reinforcement on behavior. 
B) biological factors as determinants of personality. 
C) the role of expectancies in guiding our behavior. 
D) the unconscious processes that dictate our actions in social situations.

Question 7

In what ways do strong situations affect personality differently?

Accepted Answer

A) Strong situations mask personality expression. 
B) Strong situations activate the biological systems related to personality. 
C) Strong situations reveal personality expression. 
D) Strong situations activate defense mechanisms. 
A) Strong situations mask personality expression. 
B) Strong situations activate the biological systems related to personality. 
C) Strong situations reveal personality expression. 
D) Strong situations activate defense mechanisms.

Question 8

Freud thought that during the latency stage of psychosexual development,

Accepted Answer

A) sexual urges are suppressed or channeled into various acceptable activities. 
B) children deal with sexual urges by identifying with the same-sex parent. 
C) sexual urges are reduced because of hormonal changes. 
D) children develop more mature attitudes toward their sexuality. 
A) sexual urges are suppressed or channeled into various acceptable activities. 
B) children deal with sexual urges by identifying with the same-sex parent. 
C) sexual urges are reduced because of hormonal changes. 
D) children develop more mature attitudes toward their sexuality.

Question 9

What do interactionist theories say about personality?

Accepted Answer

A) Behavior is based on our social interactions with family and friends. 
B) Personality interacts with our morals to guide behaviors. 
C) Behavior is both dependent on situational factors and underlying dispositions. 
D) Our interactions with others change our personality throughout the life span. 
A) Behavior is based on our social interactions with family and friends. 
B) Personality interacts with our morals to guide behaviors. 
C) Behavior is both dependent on situational factors and underlying dispositions. 
D) Our interactions with others change our personality throughout the life span.

Question 10

Arianna is talking to Tatsuye, a foreign exchange student from Japan.Tatsuye often criticizes his own efforts and says, "I could work harder; I am actually kind of lazy." However, Tatsuye is a gifted and high-achieving student.Based on your knowledge of culture and the self, how could you explain Tatsuye's comments?

Accepted Answer

A) People from East Asia are genuinely more self-critical than Americans. 
B) People from East Asia prefer to appear modest in public. 
C) Tatsuye is comparing himself to Americans who have a reputation as hard workers. 
D) Tatsuye may be experiencing a nonintegrated self-concept due to his recent change in culture. 
A) People from East Asia are genuinely more self-critical than Americans. 
B) People from East Asia prefer to appear modest in public. 
C) Tatsuye is comparing himself to Americans who have a reputation as hard workers. 
D) Tatsuye may be experiencing a nonintegrated self-concept due to his recent change in culture.

Question 11

Which of the following statements supports Carl Rogers's approach to personality?

Accepted Answer

A) People who satisfy their unconscious urges have healthier personalities. 
B) Conditional parental love and acceptance are related to healthy personality. 
C) Having an internal locus of control is related to healthy personality. 
D) Providing unconditional positive regard helps develop healthy personalities. 
A) People who satisfy their unconscious urges have healthier personalities. 
B) Conditional parental love and acceptance are related to healthy personality. 
C) Having an internal locus of control is related to healthy personality. 
D) Providing unconditional positive regard helps develop healthy personalities.

Question 12

Studies of gender differences in infant temperament show that

Accepted Answer

A) boys show more negative emotions during childhood. 
B) girls show more positive emotions during childhood. 
C) girls demonstrate stronger abilities to control their attention. 
D) both boys and girls show equal levels of high-intensity pleasure. 
A) boys show more negative emotions during childhood. 
B) girls show more positive emotions during childhood. 
C) girls demonstrate stronger abilities to control their attention. 
D) both boys and girls show equal levels of high-intensity pleasure.

Question 13

Who is more likely to possess a self-construal based on social norms and relationships, Chihiro from Japan or Lucy from the United States, and why?

Accepted Answer

A) Chihiro; because Easterners have a more independent sense of self 
B) Chihiro; because Easterners have a more interdependent sense of self 
C) Lucy; because Westerners have a more independent sense of self 
D) Lucy; because Westerners have a more interdependent sense of self 
A) Chihiro; because Easterners have a more independent sense of self 
B) Chihiro; because Easterners have a more interdependent sense of self 
C) Lucy; because Westerners have a more independent sense of self 
D) Lucy; because Westerners have a more interdependent sense of self

Question 14

Research has shown that, in predicting the behavior of other people, we are

Accepted Answer

A) more accurate in predicting their observable behavior than our own observable behavior. 
B) more accurate in predicting an acquaintance's behavior than a close friend's behavior. 
C) less accurate in predicting their observable behavior than our own observable behavior. 
D) equally able to predict a close friend's and an acquaintance's observable behavior. 
A) more accurate in predicting their observable behavior than our own observable behavior. 
B) more accurate in predicting an acquaintance's behavior than a close friend's behavior. 
C) less accurate in predicting their observable behavior than our own observable behavior. 
D) equally able to predict a close friend's and an acquaintance's observable behavior.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding personality stability?

Accepted Answer

A) People make many characteristic adaptations throughout life, which can cause substantial changes in personality over time. 
B) Personality tends to be stable in adulthood but can be predicted only from about age 15 or older. 
C) Because it has a biological basis in infant temperament, personality remains fairly stable throughout the life span. 
D) Personality is mostly influenced by social roles and norms, so it is difficult to predict accurately. 
A) People make many characteristic adaptations throughout life, which can cause substantial changes in personality over time. 
B) Personality tends to be stable in adulthood but can be predicted only from about age 15 or older. 
C) Because it has a biological basis in infant temperament, personality remains fairly stable throughout the life span. 
D) Personality is mostly influenced by social roles and norms, so it is difficult to predict accurately.

Question 16

In Eysenck's biological trait theory, the major dimensions of personality are

Accepted Answer

A) introversion/extraversion, emotional stability, and psychoticism. 
B) sociability, dominance, and assertiveness. 
C) conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism. 
D) emotionality, sociability, and activity level. 
A) introversion/extraversion, emotional stability, and psychoticism. 
B) sociability, dominance, and assertiveness. 
C) conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism. 
D) emotionality, sociability, and activity level.

Question 17

The Neo-Freudians Adler and Horney criticized Freud for

Accepted Answer

A) underestimating the role of parents in child development. 
B) giving too much weight to cultural factors. 
C) his overemphasis on unconscious processes. 
D) his largely negative view of women. 
A) underestimating the role of parents in child development. 
B) giving too much weight to cultural factors. 
C) his overemphasis on unconscious processes. 
D) his largely negative view of women.

Question 18

James is very low in the biological trait theory's psychoticism dimension.Thus, you would expect him also to be

Accepted Answer

A) somewhat cynical. 
B) moderately impulsive. 
C) fairly empathic. 
D) very outgoing. 
A) somewhat cynical. 
B) moderately impulsive. 
C) fairly empathic. 
D) very outgoing.

Question 19

Which of the following accurately summarizes current research on twin studies in personality?

Accepted Answer

A) Genetics can explain 75 percent of the variance between individuals for all personality traits. 
B) The genetic basis of traits varies across cultures. 
C) Genetics can explain about 25 percent of the variance in specific attitudes that reflect personality traits. 
D) The relationship between genetics and personality is consistent, regardless of whether the twins, their family, or observers rates their personality traits. 
A) Genetics can explain 75 percent of the variance between individuals for all personality traits. 
B) The genetic basis of traits varies across cultures. 
C) Genetics can explain about 25 percent of the variance in specific attitudes that reflect personality traits. 
D) The relationship between genetics and personality is consistent, regardless of whether the twins, their family, or observers rates their personality traits.

Question 20

In the psychosexual stage, the erogenous zone centers on the genitals.

Accepted Answer

A) oral 
B) anal 
C) phallic 
D) latency 
A) oral 
B) anal 
C) phallic 
D) latency

According to sociometer theory, if a person's sociometer indicates a low probability of rejection, the person has self-esteem.

Freud viewed the libido as .In contrast, today, we think of the libido as .

According to the textbook, what ability is most likely to be affected by frontal lobe damage?

Which of the following have Buss and Plomin 1984) identified as basic traits or temperaments in infants?

The strategy of "basking in the glow of reflected glory"

Rotter's theory of personality emphasizes

In what ways do strong situations affect personality differently?

Freud thought that during the latency stage of psychosexual development,

What do interactionist theories say about personality?

Which of the following statements supports Carl Rogers's approach to personality?

Studies of gender differences in infant temperament show that

Who is more likely to possess a self-construal based on social norms and relationships, Chihiro from Japan or Lucy from the United States, and why?

Research has shown that, in predicting the behavior of other people, we are

Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding personality stability?

In Eysenck's biological trait theory, the major dimensions of personality are

The Neo-Freudians Adler and Horney criticized Freud for

James is very low in the biological trait theory's psychoticism dimension.Thus, you would expect him also to be

Which of the following accurately summarizes current research on twin studies in personality?

In the psychosexual stage, the erogenous zone centers on the genitals.

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Exam 13: Personality

According to sociometer theory, if a person's sociometer indicates a low probability of rejection, the person has self-esteem.

Freud viewed the libido as .In contrast, today, we think of the libido as .

According to the textbook, what ability is most likely to be affected by frontal lobe damage?

Which of the following have Buss and Plomin 1984) identified as basic traits or temperaments in infants?

The strategy of "basking in the glow of reflected glory"

Rotter's theory of personality emphasizes

In what ways do strong situations affect personality differently?

Freud thought that during the latency stage of psychosexual development,

What do interactionist theories say about personality?

Which of the following statements supports Carl Rogers's approach to personality?

Studies of gender differences in infant temperament show that

Who is more likely to possess a self-construal based on social norms and relationships, Chihiro from Japan or Lucy from the United States, and why?

Research has shown that, in predicting the behavior of other people, we are

Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding personality stability?

In Eysenck's biological trait theory, the major dimensions of personality are

The Neo-Freudians Adler and Horney criticized Freud for

James is very low in the biological trait theory's psychoticism dimension.Thus, you would expect him also to be

Which of the following accurately summarizes current research on twin studies in personality?

In the psychosexual stage, the erogenous zone centers on the genitals.

The Science of Psychology

Research Methodology

Biology and Behaviour

Consciousness

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Memory

Thinking, Language and Intelligence

Human Development

Emotion and Motivation

Health and Wellbeing

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters