Question 1

What is the most significant aspect of the humanistic approach to personality?

Accepted Answer

A) emphasis on unconscious motives 
B) intensity and rigidity of treatment 
C) focus on the subjective experiences that make up a person's life 
D) examination of forces outside of a person's control 
A) emphasis on unconscious motives 
B) intensity and rigidity of treatment 
C) focus on the subjective experiences that make up a person's life 
D) examination of forces outside of a person's control

Question 2

According to Kagan and Snidman, when do we see the first evidence of a shy temperament in children?

Accepted Answer

A) 6 weeks 
B) 10 months 
C) 2 years 
D) 5 years 
A) 6 weeks 
B) 10 months 
C) 2 years 
D) 5 years

Question 3

Research on the Rorschach inkblot test indicates that it

Accepted Answer

A) does an excellent job of identifying specific psychological disorders. 
B) identifies many normal adults and children as psychologically disturbed. 
C) is the most reliable of the many projective tests in use. 
D) reliably assesses unconscious conflicts but not specific psychological disorders. 
A) does an excellent job of identifying specific psychological disorders. 
B) identifies many normal adults and children as psychologically disturbed. 
C) is the most reliable of the many projective tests in use. 
D) reliably assesses unconscious conflicts but not specific psychological disorders.

Question 4

In what ways do weak situations affect personality differently?

Accepted Answer

A) Weak situations mask personality expression. 
B) Weak situations inhibit the biological systems related to personality. 
C) Weak situations reveal personality expression. 
D) Weak situations inhibit defense mechanisms. 
A) Weak situations mask personality expression. 
B) Weak situations inhibit the biological systems related to personality. 
C) Weak situations reveal personality expression. 
D) Weak situations inhibit defense mechanisms.

Question 5

In school, Mandy was outgoing, working in student government and the school theater productions.As an adult, she works in public relations and hosts lots of social gatherings.The fact that Mandy is outgoing is a , and how she expresses her outgoingness is a .

Accepted Answer

A) basic tendency; characteristic adaptation 
B) biological tendency; peripheral adaptation 
C) characteristic adaptation; basic tendency 
D) peripheral adaptation; biological tendency 
A) basic tendency; characteristic adaptation 
B) biological tendency; peripheral adaptation 
C) characteristic adaptation; basic tendency 
D) peripheral adaptation; biological tendency

Question 6

Your professor is assessing his students' personalities.He asks everyone to write a personal narrative about his or her college experiences.He is using an) approach to personality assessment.

Accepted Answer

A) nomothetic 
B) trait 
C) idiographic 
D) objective 
A) nomothetic 
B) trait 
C) idiographic 
D) objective

Question 7

Studies of the relationship between infant temperament and adult personalities show

Accepted Answer

A) that infant temperament and adult personality are unrelated. 
B) that infant temperament can predict aspects of adult personality. 
C) that positive but not negative social behaviors can be predicted by early temperament. 
D) that children classified as inhibited at age 3 were likely to be outgoing by young adulthood. 
A) that infant temperament and adult personality are unrelated. 
B) that infant temperament can predict aspects of adult personality. 
C) that positive but not negative social behaviors can be predicted by early temperament. 
D) that children classified as inhibited at age 3 were likely to be outgoing by young adulthood.

Question 8

Janeesa is 7 years old, Tyree is 15 years old, Evelyn is 30 years old, and LaShonda is 50 years old.Which person is most likely to show a highly stable personality if measured today and again after 1 year?

Accepted Answer

A) Janeesa 
B) Tyree 
C) Evelyn 
D) LaShonda 
A) Janeesa 
B) Tyree 
C) Evelyn 
D) LaShonda

Question 9

During the phallic stage, children develop hostility toward the same-sex parent.According to Freud, this conflict is typically resolved by the

Accepted Answer

A) child adopting many of the same-sex parent's values and ideals. 
B) parents confronting the child's inappropriate behavior. 
C) id, which attempts to rein in the sexual urges. 
D) time the child is 3 years old. 
A) child adopting many of the same-sex parent's values and ideals. 
B) parents confronting the child's inappropriate behavior. 
C) id, which attempts to rein in the sexual urges. 
D) time the child is 3 years old.

Question 10

Miko is from Japan and is interviewing for a new job.She is asked to list all the things she is proud of and all the things she is ashamed of.Relative to most Americans, Miko is likely to list things she is proud of and things she is ashamed of.

Accepted Answer

A) about the same number of; about the same number of 
B) more; fewer 
C) fewer; more 
D) more; more 
A) about the same number of; about the same number of 
B) more; fewer 
C) fewer; more 
D) more; more

Question 11

When conscientiousness was measured across 56 cultures, it was found that

Accepted Answer

A) conscientiousness was stable in some cultures but not others. 
B) there was a lot of variation in what it meant to be conscientious. 
C) conscientiousness was not evident in some of the cultures. 
D) conscientiousness generally increased with age in all cultures. 
A) conscientiousness was stable in some cultures but not others. 
B) there was a lot of variation in what it meant to be conscientious. 
C) conscientiousness was not evident in some of the cultures. 
D) conscientiousness generally increased with age in all cultures.

Question 12

Oren is a very rigid person and must have things his own way.Other people find his attitude annoying, but Oren refuses to change.In Freud's view, Oren is fixated at which stage of development?

Accepted Answer

A) the Oedipal stage 
B) the latency stage 
C) the anal stage 
D) the phallic stage 
A) the Oedipal stage 
B) the latency stage 
C) the anal stage 
D) the phallic stage

Question 13

According to Gordon Allport, personality is

Accepted Answer

A) largely contingent on one's environment. 
B) a dynamic system arising from biological processes. 
C) largely a social construction. 
D) the outcome of how people think and behave rather than the cause of thought and behavior. 
A) largely contingent on one's environment. 
B) a dynamic system arising from biological processes. 
C) largely a social construction. 
D) the outcome of how people think and behave rather than the cause of thought and behavior.

Question 14

Evidence from cross-cultural research shows that there is support for the five-factor theory and that .

Accepted Answer

A) little; researchers are developing new cross-cultural theories of personality 
B) much; some cultural differences also emerge 
C) little; there is greater support for biological trait theory 
D) much; the factors are more predictive of behavior in eastern cultures 
A) little; researchers are developing new cross-cultural theories of personality 
B) much; some cultural differences also emerge 
C) little; there is greater support for biological trait theory 
D) much; the factors are more predictive of behavior in eastern cultures

Question 15

Which of the following research findings best supports the idea that personality change throughout the life span is based in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

A) Age-related personality change is influenced by age-related roles, like becoming a parent. 
B) Life experiences have been shown to trigger age-related personality changes. 
C) Age-related personality change is similar in both monozygotic and dizygotic twins. 
D) The pattern of age-related personality changes is seen in different cultures. 
A) Age-related personality change is influenced by age-related roles, like becoming a parent. 
B) Life experiences have been shown to trigger age-related personality changes. 
C) Age-related personality change is similar in both monozygotic and dizygotic twins. 
D) The pattern of age-related personality changes is seen in different cultures.

Question 16

In regard to trait models of personality, psychologists now generally agree that

Accepted Answer

A) no one trait theory captures the complexity of personality. 
B) there is little agreement as to which traits predict which behaviors. 
C) personality can be accurately described using five basic factors. 
D) Cattell's 16-factor theory is most accurate. 
A) no one trait theory captures the complexity of personality. 
B) there is little agreement as to which traits predict which behaviors. 
C) personality can be accurately described using five basic factors. 
D) Cattell's 16-factor theory is most accurate.

Question 17

A primary advantage of a trait approach to personality is that it provides a method for

Accepted Answer

A) comparing individuals with regard to various personality dispositions. 
B) explaining rather than describing personality. 
C) identifying psychopathology. 
D) assessing changes in one's personality over time. 
A) comparing individuals with regard to various personality dispositions. 
B) explaining rather than describing personality. 
C) identifying psychopathology. 
D) assessing changes in one's personality over time.

Question 18

In Freud's structural model of personality,

Accepted Answer

A) the superego dominates other structures in determining behavior. 
B) the ego operates according to the reality principle. 
C) the ego develops before the id. 
D) the superego is the realistic, rational portion of the mind. 
A) the superego dominates other structures in determining behavior. 
B) the ego operates according to the reality principle. 
C) the ego develops before the id. 
D) the superego is the realistic, rational portion of the mind.

Question 19

According to Rotter's social cognitive theory of personality, behavior is a function of a person's

Accepted Answer

A) expectancies for reinforcement and the values given to those reinforcers. 
B) importance of the behavior and the difficulty of doing the behavior. 
C) importance of the behavior and values given to those reinforcers. 
D) expectancies for reinforcement and difficulty of doing the behavior. 
A) expectancies for reinforcement and the values given to those reinforcers. 
B) importance of the behavior and the difficulty of doing the behavior. 
C) importance of the behavior and values given to those reinforcers. 
D) expectancies for reinforcement and difficulty of doing the behavior.

Question 20

In biological trait theory, the important difference between extraverts and introverts is that

Accepted Answer

A) extraverts are overaroused, whereas introverts are underaroused. 
B) extraverts desire more arousal, whereas introverts try to avoid it. 
C) introverts seek arousing environments, whereas extraverts seek calm environments. 
D) the resting level of the reticular activating system RAS) is high in extraverts and low in introverts. 
A) extraverts are overaroused, whereas introverts are underaroused. 
B) extraverts desire more arousal, whereas introverts try to avoid it. 
C) introverts seek arousing environments, whereas extraverts seek calm environments. 
D) the resting level of the reticular activating system RAS) is high in extraverts and low in introverts.

What is the most significant aspect of the humanistic approach to personality?

According to Kagan and Snidman, when do we see the first evidence of a shy temperament in children?

Research on the Rorschach inkblot test indicates that it

In what ways do weak situations affect personality differently?

In school, Mandy was outgoing, working in student government and the school theater productions.As an adult, she works in public relations and hosts lots of social gatherings.The fact that Mandy is outgoing is a , and how she expresses her outgoingness is a .

Your professor is assessing his students' personalities.He asks everyone to write a personal narrative about his or her college experiences.He is using an) approach to personality assessment.

Studies of the relationship between infant temperament and adult personalities show

Janeesa is 7 years old, Tyree is 15 years old, Evelyn is 30 years old, and LaShonda is 50 years old.Which person is most likely to show a highly stable personality if measured today and again after 1 year?

During the phallic stage, children develop hostility toward the same-sex parent.According to Freud, this conflict is typically resolved by the

Miko is from Japan and is interviewing for a new job.She is asked to list all the things she is proud of and all the things she is ashamed of.Relative to most Americans, Miko is likely to list things she is proud of and things she is ashamed of.

When conscientiousness was measured across 56 cultures, it was found that

Oren is a very rigid person and must have things his own way.Other people find his attitude annoying, but Oren refuses to change.In Freud's view, Oren is fixated at which stage of development?

According to Gordon Allport, personality is

Evidence from cross-cultural research shows that there is support for the five-factor theory and that .

Which of the following research findings best supports the idea that personality change throughout the life span is based in human physiology?

In regard to trait models of personality, psychologists now generally agree that

A primary advantage of a trait approach to personality is that it provides a method for

In Freud's structural model of personality,

According to Rotter's social cognitive theory of personality, behavior is a function of a person's

In biological trait theory, the important difference between extraverts and introverts is that

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Exam 13: Personality

What is the most significant aspect of the humanistic approach to personality?

According to Kagan and Snidman, when do we see the first evidence of a shy temperament in children?

Research on the Rorschach inkblot test indicates that it

In what ways do weak situations affect personality differently?

In school, Mandy was outgoing, working in student government and the school theater productions.As an adult, she works in public relations and hosts lots of social gatherings.The fact that Mandy is outgoing is a , and how she expresses her outgoingness is a .

Your professor is assessing his students' personalities.He asks everyone to write a personal narrative about his or her college experiences.He is using an) approach to personality assessment.

Studies of the relationship between infant temperament and adult personalities show

Janeesa is 7 years old, Tyree is 15 years old, Evelyn is 30 years old, and LaShonda is 50 years old.Which person is most likely to show a highly stable personality if measured today and again after 1 year?

During the phallic stage, children develop hostility toward the same-sex parent.According to Freud, this conflict is typically resolved by the

Miko is from Japan and is interviewing for a new job.She is asked to list all the things she is proud of and all the things she is ashamed of.Relative to most Americans, Miko is likely to list things she is proud of and things she is ashamed of.

When conscientiousness was measured across 56 cultures, it was found that

Oren is a very rigid person and must have things his own way.Other people find his attitude annoying, but Oren refuses to change.In Freud's view, Oren is fixated at which stage of development?

According to Gordon Allport, personality is

Evidence from cross-cultural research shows that there is support for the five-factor theory and that .

Which of the following research findings best supports the idea that personality change throughout the life span is based in human physiology?

In regard to trait models of personality, psychologists now generally agree that

A primary advantage of a trait approach to personality is that it provides a method for

In Freud's structural model of personality,

According to Rotter's social cognitive theory of personality, behavior is a function of a person's

In biological trait theory, the important difference between extraverts and introverts is that

The Science of Psychology

Research Methodology

Biology and Behaviour

Consciousness

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Memory

Thinking, Language and Intelligence

Human Development

Emotion and Motivation

Health and Wellbeing

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters