Question 1

The better-than-average effect applies to

Accepted Answer

A) almost no one. 
B) about 10 percent of the population. 
C) about 30 percent of the population. 
D) most of the population. 
A) almost no one. 
B) about 10 percent of the population. 
C) about 30 percent of the population. 
D) most of the population. D

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of a downward comparison?

Accepted Answer

A) comparing your current self to a friend who is worse off than you 
B) comparing yourself to your very successful boss 
C) comparing yourself to your brother who is doing as well as you 
D) comparing your mother to your father 
A) comparing your current self to a friend who is worse off than you 
B) comparing yourself to your very successful boss 
C) comparing yourself to your brother who is doing as well as you 
D) comparing your mother to your father A

Question 3

What is significant about Gordon Allport's notion of "psychophysical systems" relating to personality?

Accepted Answer

A) It emphasizes genetic contributions. 
B) It highlights the negative aspects of personality. 
C) It proposes nature versus nurture as an important distinction. 
D) It combines mental and biological processes. 
A) It emphasizes genetic contributions. 
B) It highlights the negative aspects of personality. 
C) It proposes nature versus nurture as an important distinction. 
D) It combines mental and biological processes. D

Question 4

According to the approach, personality assessment should focus on how people vary across common traits.

Accepted Answer

A) idiographic 
B) nomothetic 
C) objective 
D) projective 
A) idiographic 
B) nomothetic 
C) objective 
D) projective

Question 5

What is one main difference between the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory MMPI) and the Rorschach inkblot test?

Accepted Answer

A) The MMPI is a self-report and the Rorschach is projective. 
B) The MMPI uses ambiguous stories and the Rorschach uses true/false questions. 
C) The MMPI is usually not reliable, but the Rorschach is. 
D) The MMPI focuses on the entire life, but the Rorschach only focuses on childhood. 
A) The MMPI is a self-report and the Rorschach is projective. 
B) The MMPI uses ambiguous stories and the Rorschach uses true/false questions. 
C) The MMPI is usually not reliable, but the Rorschach is. 
D) The MMPI focuses on the entire life, but the Rorschach only focuses on childhood.

Question 6

Janine loves social attention and often exaggerates her achievements.She talks about herself a lot, in part because she believes others think she is especially interesting and important.Janine may have

Accepted Answer

A) a social-evaluation phobia. 
B) high self-esteem. 
C) a narcissistic personality. 
D) a reactive self-concept. 
A) a social-evaluation phobia. 
B) high self-esteem. 
C) a narcissistic personality. 
D) a reactive self-concept.

Question 7

What is the difference between personality traits and temperaments?

Accepted Answer

A) Personality traits are more mental, while temperaments are more physical. 
B) Personality traits are more specific than temperaments. 
C) Personality traits are more likely to be correlated among siblings than temperaments. 
D) Personality traits are evident during infancy, while temperaments are evident during adulthood. 
A) Personality traits are more mental, while temperaments are more physical. 
B) Personality traits are more specific than temperaments. 
C) Personality traits are more likely to be correlated among siblings than temperaments. 
D) Personality traits are evident during infancy, while temperaments are evident during adulthood.

Question 8

You are going to babysit a friend's 2-year-old boy.Given what you know about gender differences in infant temperament, you should predict that, compared to a 2-year-old girl, he will

Accepted Answer

A) be less able to control his impulses. 
B) show more positive emotions. 
C) be more able to focus on one toy for an extended amount of time. 
D) show more negative emotions. 
A) be less able to control his impulses. 
B) show more positive emotions. 
C) be more able to focus on one toy for an extended amount of time. 
D) show more negative emotions.

Question 9

Based on Freud's theory of psychosexual stages, which of the following would you most expect to hear a 5-year-old boy say to his mother?

Accepted Answer

A) "How come none of the girls at school like me?" 
B) "You are soooo beautiful!" 
C) "I wish you would go away so I could spend more time with Dad!" 
D) "You are mean.I don't like you!" 
A) "How come none of the girls at school like me?" 
B) "You are soooo beautiful!" 
C) "I wish you would go away so I could spend more time with Dad!" 
D) "You are mean.I don't like you!"

Question 10

According to research on physiological arousal and personality, which brain structure has been associated with inhibiting behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) cerebellum 
B) amygdala 
C) temporal lobes 
D) hippocampus 
A) cerebellum 
B) amygdala 
C) temporal lobes 
D) hippocampus

Question 11

Sierra, an 8-year-old, is primarily interested in developing friendships with girls her own age.In the next phase of her psychosexual development, what will become her primary interest, according to Freud?

Accepted Answer

A) pleasing authority figures, such as teachers 
B) developing romantic relationships with boys 
C) finding one or more role models in her group of female peers 
D) overcoming the Oedipal relationship with her father 
A) pleasing authority figures, such as teachers 
B) developing romantic relationships with boys 
C) finding one or more role models in her group of female peers 
D) overcoming the Oedipal relationship with her father

Question 12

A view that personality is a coherent whole that is based on psychophysical systems yet is adaptive to the environment is most consistent with that of

Accepted Answer

A) B.F.Skinner. 
B) Sigmund Freud. 
C) Gordon Allport. 
D) Carl Rogers. 
A) B.F.Skinner. 
B) Sigmund Freud. 
C) Gordon Allport. 
D) Carl Rogers.

Question 13

Who is most likely to adopt a nomothetic approach to assess personality?

Accepted Answer

A) a psychodynamic theorist 
B) a trait theorist 
C) a humanistic theorist 
D) a narrative therapist 
A) a psychodynamic theorist 
B) a trait theorist 
C) a humanistic theorist 
D) a narrative therapist

Question 14

According to sociometer theory, self-esteem can be compared to

Accepted Answer

A) a gauge that measures social inclusion or exclusion. 
B) a ruler that measures one's progress toward one's goals. 
C) a scale that assesses your own good and bad behaviors. 
D) a percentage that reflects the likelihood of another person liking you. 
A) a gauge that measures social inclusion or exclusion. 
B) a ruler that measures one's progress toward one's goals. 
C) a scale that assesses your own good and bad behaviors. 
D) a percentage that reflects the likelihood of another person liking you.

Question 15

According to Freud's topography of mind, information from the unconscious must reach the mind before it reaches the mind.

Accepted Answer

A) semiconscious; conscious 
B) conscious; preconscious 
C) conscious; semiconscious 
D) preconscious; conscious 
A) semiconscious; conscious 
B) conscious; preconscious 
C) conscious; semiconscious 
D) preconscious; conscious

Question 16

One current view on self-enhancement suggests that

Accepted Answer

A) Easterners tend to self-enhance more than Westerners. 
B) Westerners tend to self-enhance more than Easterners. 
C) Easterners and Westerners tend to self-enhance but in different ways. 
D) Easterners and Westerners tend to self-enhance about equally and do so similarly. 
A) Easterners tend to self-enhance more than Westerners. 
B) Westerners tend to self-enhance more than Easterners. 
C) Easterners and Westerners tend to self-enhance but in different ways. 
D) Easterners and Westerners tend to self-enhance about equally and do so similarly.

Question 17

Naoko is a college student in Japan.Given your knowledge of cross-cultural research on the Big Five, how is Naoko likely to rate herself on the dimensions of agreeableness and neuroticism compared to college students from the United States)?

Accepted Answer

A) higher on agreeableness and lower on neuroticism 
B) higher on both dimensions 
C) lower on both dimensions 
D) lower on agreeableness and higher on neuroticism 
A) higher on agreeableness and lower on neuroticism 
B) higher on both dimensions 
C) lower on both dimensions 
D) lower on agreeableness and higher on neuroticism

Question 18

When describing her friend's personality, Janelle was able to do it quickly and accurately.When describing her own personality, Janelle had more difficulty and was less accurate.According to the textbook, this difference is most likely due to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) People tend to lie about their character to fit others' preconceptions. 
B) People have less knowledge of their own behavior because they usually focus on others' behaviors. 
C) People like to appear thoughtful when asked direct questions about themselves. 
D) People try to mask narcissism by appearing disinterested in their own behaviors. 
A) People tend to lie about their character to fit others' preconceptions. 
B) People have less knowledge of their own behavior because they usually focus on others' behaviors. 
C) People like to appear thoughtful when asked direct questions about themselves. 
D) People try to mask narcissism by appearing disinterested in their own behaviors.

Question 19

Which of the following is a weak situation?

Accepted Answer

A) getting pulled over by a police officer 
B) taking a standardized exam 
C) going through airport security before a flight 
D) talking with a friend at a coffee shop 
A) getting pulled over by a police officer 
B) taking a standardized exam 
C) going through airport security before a flight 
D) talking with a friend at a coffee shop

Question 20

Jered and his identical twin brother were adopted by separate families as infants.As an adult, Jered's personality should most resemble that of

Accepted Answer

A) a sibling in his adoptive family. 
B) one or both of his adoptive parents. 
C) one or both of his biological parents. 
D) his identical twin. 
A) a sibling in his adoptive family. 
B) one or both of his adoptive parents. 
C) one or both of his biological parents. 
D) his identical twin.

The better-than-average effect applies to

Which of the following is an example of a downward comparison?

What is significant about Gordon Allport's notion of "psychophysical systems" relating to personality?

According to the approach, personality assessment should focus on how people vary across common traits.

What is one main difference between the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory MMPI) and the Rorschach inkblot test?

Janine loves social attention and often exaggerates her achievements.She talks about herself a lot, in part because she believes others think she is especially interesting and important.Janine may have

What is the difference between personality traits and temperaments?

You are going to babysit a friend's 2-year-old boy.Given what you know about gender differences in infant temperament, you should predict that, compared to a 2-year-old girl, he will

Based on Freud's theory of psychosexual stages, which of the following would you most expect to hear a 5-year-old boy say to his mother?

According to research on physiological arousal and personality, which brain structure has been associated with inhibiting behavior?

Sierra, an 8-year-old, is primarily interested in developing friendships with girls her own age.In the next phase of her psychosexual development, what will become her primary interest, according to Freud?

A view that personality is a coherent whole that is based on psychophysical systems yet is adaptive to the environment is most consistent with that of

Who is most likely to adopt a nomothetic approach to assess personality?

According to sociometer theory, self-esteem can be compared to

According to Freud's topography of mind, information from the unconscious must reach the mind before it reaches the mind.

One current view on self-enhancement suggests that

Naoko is a college student in Japan.Given your knowledge of cross-cultural research on the Big Five, how is Naoko likely to rate herself on the dimensions of agreeableness and neuroticism compared to college students from the United States)?

When describing her friend's personality, Janelle was able to do it quickly and accurately.When describing her own personality, Janelle had more difficulty and was less accurate.According to the textbook, this difference is most likely due to which of the following?

Which of the following is a weak situation?

Jered and his identical twin brother were adopted by separate families as infants.As an adult, Jered's personality should most resemble that of

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Exam 13: Personality

The better-than-average effect applies to

Which of the following is an example of a downward comparison?

What is significant about Gordon Allport's notion of "psychophysical systems" relating to personality?

According to the approach, personality assessment should focus on how people vary across common traits.

What is one main difference between the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory MMPI) and the Rorschach inkblot test?

Janine loves social attention and often exaggerates her achievements.She talks about herself a lot, in part because she believes others think she is especially interesting and important.Janine may have

What is the difference between personality traits and temperaments?

You are going to babysit a friend's 2-year-old boy.Given what you know about gender differences in infant temperament, you should predict that, compared to a 2-year-old girl, he will

Based on Freud's theory of psychosexual stages, which of the following would you most expect to hear a 5-year-old boy say to his mother?

According to research on physiological arousal and personality, which brain structure has been associated with inhibiting behavior?

Sierra, an 8-year-old, is primarily interested in developing friendships with girls her own age.In the next phase of her psychosexual development, what will become her primary interest, according to Freud?

A view that personality is a coherent whole that is based on psychophysical systems yet is adaptive to the environment is most consistent with that of

Who is most likely to adopt a nomothetic approach to assess personality?

According to sociometer theory, self-esteem can be compared to

According to Freud's topography of mind, information from the unconscious must reach the mind before it reaches the mind.

One current view on self-enhancement suggests that

Naoko is a college student in Japan.Given your knowledge of cross-cultural research on the Big Five, how is Naoko likely to rate herself on the dimensions of agreeableness and neuroticism compared to college students from the United States)?

When describing her friend's personality, Janelle was able to do it quickly and accurately.When describing her own personality, Janelle had more difficulty and was less accurate.According to the textbook, this difference is most likely due to which of the following?

Which of the following is a weak situation?

Jered and his identical twin brother were adopted by separate families as infants.As an adult, Jered's personality should most resemble that of

The Science of Psychology

Research Methodology

Biology and Behaviour

Consciousness

Sensation and Perception

Learning

Memory

Thinking, Language and Intelligence

Human Development

Emotion and Motivation

Health and Wellbeing

Social Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters