Exam 14: Racism, Equality, and Discrimination

Judith Jarvis Thomson argues that ________ are the best and most suitable form of compensation for the past ill treatment of minorities.

According to Lawrence Blum, popular thinking about race generally dispenses with the biological component, but not with the idea of ________, the notion that "certain traits of mind, character, and temperament are inescapably part of a racial group's 'nature' and hence define its racial fate."

The nonconsequentialist answer to the question "Why are racists wrong?" is that they hurt people.

Unequal treatment that arises from the way organizations, institutions, and social systems operate is referred to as

Some argue that preferential programs create role models for minorities and women. These role models are essential for demonstrating to young people that significant achievement is possible. Opponents reply that

The practice of trying to make amends for, or eradicating, discrimination based on race, ethnicity, and gender is called ________.

Almost everyone agrees that

The sociologist Tanya Maria Golash-Boza says that race is

Some philosophers, called race ________, agree with race skeptics that biological race is a myth but are reluctant to jettison the social construct.

According to Carl Cohen, "No matter who the beneficiaries may be or who the victims, preference on the basis of race is morally wrong. It was wrong in the distant past and in the recent past; it is wrong now; and it will always be wrong." Cohen's position rejects strong affirmative action policies on nonconsequentialist grounds.

Widespread advertisement of job openings to groups not previously represented in certain privileged positions is an example of

According to Carl Cohen, "Preference creates that burden; it makes a stigma of the race of those who are preferred by race. An ethnic group given special favor by the community is marked as needing special favor-and the mark is borne prominently by every one of its members." In this passage, Cohen is rejecting which argument used to support strong affirmative action?

According to one argument, when blacks get preferential treatment in employment some white males end up losing out-even though these whites had no part in past racism and may have never discriminated against anyone. Supporters of preferential hiring practices will say that

The traditional idea about race is that it consists of heritable biological features common to all members of a racial group-features that explain the character and cultural traits of those members. However, most scientists and philosophers believe that this view is false.