Exam 16: Free Speech on Campus

According to the nonconsequentialist approach to the freedom of speech, this freedom is allowed up to, but not beyond, the point at which it

The terms "free speech" and "free expression" refer only to speaking, not to other actions, such as acting, painting, or burning flags.

Hate speech is not merely unpleasant or offensive, because it can leave

Some consequentialists have argued that speech critical of an identity group or speech that upsets people in such a group is in fact a form of violence. They contend such violent speech is

According to Chemerinsky and Gillman, which of the following kinds of on-campus speech should be permitted without punishment?

The central conflict in campus free speech controversies is between two moral goods that are crucial to higher education: (1) free speech that enables the expression of all ideas and the unfettered search for truth, and (2) a campus environment that protects and respects the learning experiences of all students.

The question of whether displaying nooses on campuses-offensive symbols that represent the crime of lynching and the horrific history of lynchings of black Americans during and after the Jim Crow era-should be allowed is an issue of free speech.

The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that the government cannot forbid or punish any speech unless it is an instance of

Some consequentialists recognize the harms of hate speech, but argue that censoring it causes even more harm. They therefore endorse

The most frequently heard arguments about campus free speech concern whether hate speech should be regulated to prevent harm to vulnerable groups.

Courts have often ruled against the use of speech codes at colleges and universities because the codes were found to be

The U.S. Supreme Court has ruled that any speech found to be offensive, such as antiwar protests, antigovernment rhetoric, blasphemy, and obscene speech, may be banned by the government.

The right to express your opinions or ideas without burdensome restraints from government or society is called

Consequentialists necessarily reject restrictions on free speech, because the consequences of doing so are always a net harm.

Nonconsequentialists necessarily hold the view that the right of free speech is absolute, overriding such competing values as justice, equality, security, and the right to privacy.

Free speech scholars Erwin Chemerinsky and Howard Gillman explain the tendency of college students to favor disciplinary action for those who use offensive language by pointing out that

A 2015 survey of college students showed that almost three-quarters favor disciplinary action for any student or faculty member on campus who uses language that is considered racist, sexist, homophobic, or otherwise offensive.

Free speech is enshrined in the U.S. Constitution's ________ Amendment, which guarantees freedom of expression by barring Congress from restricting what the press can disseminate and what individuals can say.

In 2017, the website security company Cloudflare discontinued its relationship with the Daily Stormer, a website run by white supremacists who spread hateful, offensive messages online. Without Cloudflare's protection, the Daily Stormer was forced to retreat to the Dark Net, where it is inaccessible to the majority of Internet users. Someone with a nonconsequentialist perspective on free speech would say that Cloudflare's decision was

Consider the following argument: 1. If, on balance, speech codes do more harm than good, they should be eliminated. 2. Speech codes do harm by impeding the search for knowledge, undermining democracy, banning the expression of unpopular ideas and views, and hampering free and open dialogue. 3. Speech codes may do good by preventing some harm to vulnerable groups, but the good does not outweigh the harm the codes cause. 4. Therefore, speech codes should be eliminated. Which of the statements above would be accepted by both supporters and opponents of speech codes?