Exam 4: Nonexperimental Methods: Descriptive Methods, Correlational Studies, Ex Post Facto Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sampling, and Basic Research Strategies

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The extent to which test items actually represent the type of material they are supposed to represent refers to ___________ validity.

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Veronica intended to develop a test to measure locus of control, but it actually measures self-esteem. Veronica's test has low

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Bess conducts a study in which she measures self-esteem and grade point average in a sample of 50 college students. She hypothesizes that higher self-esteem will be associated with higher grade point average. This research approach is best described as _________ research.

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__________ research involves the comparison of two or more groups of participants during the same time span.

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____________ reliability measures agreement between judges on a test item, whereas ____________ reliability measures agreement between observers of behavior.

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If a researcher is concerned about history effects, she should use _________ reliability instead of ________ reliability.

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Which of the following is NOT a strategy to increase the response rate of mail surveys?

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Describe the Hawthorne effect, including the research study from which it got its name.

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Briefly describe the six steps in developing a good survey.

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Brad develops a survey to examine the extent to which self-esteem is related to alcohol abuse. Brad is using a(n) ________ survey.

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What is stratified random sampling and when would a researcher use it? Give an example.

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What is one potential problem associated with the naturalistic observation method?

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What are the differences among achievement tests, aptitude tests, and personality tests?

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Suppose a survey contains the following item: "I am shy when around people I don't know well." 1 2 3 4 5 Not at all Not very Slightly Fairly Very much What kind of question is this?

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What should come first when developing a survey or questionnaire?

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What does "ex post facto" mean?

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What is the main drawback with test-retest reliability?

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To determine ________ reliability, a researcher divides a test into two subtests and compares the scores made on the two halves.

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Define archival research and give some examples.

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Researchers give a test to participants on two separate occasions in order to assess

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