Question 1

What can act as a vector to introduce new genes into a cell?

Accepted Answer

A) primers 
B) ligase 
C) restriction enzymes 
D) plasmids 
A) primers 
B) ligase 
C) restriction enzymes 
D) plasmids

Question 2

The human genome contains approximately ________ genes.

Accepted Answer

A) 1,000 
B) 5,000 
C) 21,000 
D) 30,000 
A) 1,000 
B) 5,000 
C) 21,000 
D) 30,000

Question 3

Scenario
Patients with organ failure or severe diseases may need organ transplants. However, there is often a long waitlist for certain organs, and patients may not be able to acquire a human organ transplant in time. To address this issue, pigs have been studied as a potential source of organs to use for transplants because pig organs are similar in size to human organs and are easy to obtain. However, a major health concern that needs to be addressed before pig organ transplantation becomes viable is the prevention of bacterial or viral transmission from pig organs to the human patient.
One pig virus that is particularly difficult to prevent from being transmitted is porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV). At some point in time, PERV infected pig eggs or sperm and thus incorporated its own genome into the pig genome, and all species of pigs carry the PERV genome to some extent. Therefore, if a pig kidney is used for a human transplant, all of the pig kidney cells will have the DNA for PERV, and these could possibly infect the human host.
To prevent transmission of PERV, researchers have recently used CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing to introduce mutations in the pol gene. The pol gene codes for the enzyme reverse transcriptase that functions to produce PERV from the pig genome, thus preventing PERV from being produced. As of late 2017, 37 CRISPR-edited piglets were born and 15 were still alive. However, their organs have yet to be transplanted into humans.
-What would have been the function of Cas9 when using CRISPR-Cas9 to edit piglets' genomes?

Accepted Answer

A) to repair mutations in the pol gene 
B) to remove the pol gene from the pig genome 
C) to insert nucleotides into the pol gene 
D) to cut the pol gene 
A) to repair mutations in the pol gene 
B) to remove the pol gene from the pig genome 
C) to insert nucleotides into the pol gene 
D) to cut the pol gene

Question 4

Transgenic animals are currently produced for many different reasons. Choose an example of a transgenic animal that currently does not exist.

Accepted Answer

A) pigs that carry a roundworm gene to produce omega-3 fatty acids 
B) dairy cows that carry an Angus cattle gene so that they do not grow horns 
C) Atlantic salmon that have been modified to grow twice as fast as normal 
D) chickens that have been modified to be able to lay eggs in very hot temperatures 
A) pigs that carry a roundworm gene to produce omega-3 fatty acids 
B) dairy cows that carry an Angus cattle gene so that they do not grow horns 
C) Atlantic salmon that have been modified to grow twice as fast as normal 
D) chickens that have been modified to be able to lay eggs in very hot temperatures

Question 5

A vaccine works by ________.

Accepted Answer

A) inhibiting bacterial reproduction 
B) stimulating the immune system to develop lasting defenses 
C) killing cells infected with a virus 
D) preventing translation of mRNA molecules that code for disease-causing proteins 
A) inhibiting bacterial reproduction 
B) stimulating the immune system to develop lasting defenses 
C) killing cells infected with a virus 
D) preventing translation of mRNA molecules that code for disease-causing proteins

Question 6

"Sticky ends" are ________ that are produced by the action of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) double-stranded DNA molecules with double-stranded ends; DNA ligase 
B) double-stranded DNA molecules with single-stranded ends; DNA ligase 
C) double-stranded DNA molecules with double-stranded ends; restriction enzymes 
D) double-stranded DNA molecules with single-stranded ends; restriction enzymes 
A) double-stranded DNA molecules with double-stranded ends; DNA ligase 
B) double-stranded DNA molecules with single-stranded ends; DNA ligase 
C) double-stranded DNA molecules with double-stranded ends; restriction enzymes 
D) double-stranded DNA molecules with single-stranded ends; restriction enzymes

Question 7

Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments because ________.

Accepted Answer

A) double-stranded DNA moves slower than single-stranded DNA 
B) of ratios of guanine to cytosine 
C) DNA fragments have different lengths 
D) of the salt concentration in the gel 
A) double-stranded DNA moves slower than single-stranded DNA 
B) of ratios of guanine to cytosine 
C) DNA fragments have different lengths 
D) of the salt concentration in the gel

Question 8

A DNA fragment with the sticky end sequence TGGCA will bind with another DNA fragment with the sticky end sequence ________.

Accepted Answer

A) TGCCA 
B) ACCGT 
C) TGGCA 
D) ACGGT 
A) TGCCA 
B) ACCGT 
C) TGGCA 
D) ACGGT

Question 9

Which is the last step in the production of a recombinant DNA plasmid?

Accepted Answer

A) cloning 
B) using DNA ligase to join DNA fragments 
C) cutting the gene of interest into fragments 
D) allowing the reproduction of the bacterium bearing the recombinant plasmid 
A) cloning 
B) using DNA ligase to join DNA fragments 
C) cutting the gene of interest into fragments 
D) allowing the reproduction of the bacterium bearing the recombinant plasmid

Question 10

To make restriction fragments, a DNA sample is treated with ________.

Accepted Answer

A) DNA ligase 
B) restriction enzymes 
C) DNA polymerase 
D) lysozyme 
A) DNA ligase 
B) restriction enzymes 
C) DNA polymerase 
D) lysozyme

Question 11

In human gene therapy ________.

Accepted Answer

A) normal versions of human genes are transferred to patients who carry a mutated allele 
B) harmless bacteria make important proteins for humans that cannot produce these proteins on their own 
C) bacterial plasmids are used to transfer genes to human patients 
D) genetically engineered alleles, usually from other species, replace mutated alleles 
A) normal versions of human genes are transferred to patients who carry a mutated allele 
B) harmless bacteria make important proteins for humans that cannot produce these proteins on their own 
C) bacterial plasmids are used to transfer genes to human patients 
D) genetically engineered alleles, usually from other species, replace mutated alleles

Question 12

What method is illustrated by this figure?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA gel electrophoresis 
B) whole-genome shotgun method 
C) STR analysis 
D) recombinant DNA technology 
A) DNA gel electrophoresis 
B) whole-genome shotgun method 
C) STR analysis 
D) recombinant DNA technology

Question 13

To find the nucleotide sequence of human chromosomes, chromosomes had to be digested into small fragments and then ________.

Accepted Answer

A) separated using gel electrophoresis 
B) pasted together with DNA ligase 
C) cloned and sequenced 
D) cut into smaller fragments with restriction enzymes 
A) separated using gel electrophoresis 
B) pasted together with DNA ligase 
C) cloned and sequenced 
D) cut into smaller fragments with restriction enzymes

Question 14

STR analysis is a DNA profiling technique that makes use of the fact that different people have ________.

Accepted Answer

A) different numbers of repeats of short DNA sequences at certain sites in the genome 
B) different alleles for many genes in the genome 
C) different restriction fragments 
D) different CODIS DNA sequences 
A) different numbers of repeats of short DNA sequences at certain sites in the genome 
B) different alleles for many genes in the genome 
C) different restriction fragments 
D) different CODIS DNA sequences

Exam 12: Dna Technology

What can act as a vector to introduce new genes into a cell?

The human genome contains approximately ________ genes.

Transgenic animals are currently produced for many different reasons. Choose an example of a transgenic animal that currently does not exist.

A vaccine works by ________.

"Sticky ends" are ________ that are produced by the action of ________.

Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments because ________.

A DNA fragment with the sticky end sequence TGGCA will bind with another DNA fragment with the sticky end sequence ________.

Which is the last step in the production of a recombinant DNA plasmid?

To make restriction fragments, a DNA sample is treated with ________.

In human gene therapy ________.

What method is illustrated by this figure?

To find the nucleotide sequence of human chromosomes, chromosomes had to be digested into small fragments and then ________.

STR analysis is a DNA profiling technique that makes use of the fact that different people have ________.

Learning About Life

Essential Chemistry for Biology

The Molecules of Life

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy From Food

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

Cellular Reproduction: Cells From Cells

Patterns of Inheritance

The Structure and Function of Dna

How Genes Are Controlled

How Populations Evolve

How Biological Diversity Evolves

The Evolution of Microbial Life

The Evolution of Plants and Fungi

The Evolution of Animals

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Circulation and Respiration

The Bodys Defenses

Hormones

Reproduction and Development

Nervous, Sensory, and Locomotor Systems

The Life of a Flowering Plant

The Working Plant

Filters

"Sticky ends" are that are produced by the action of .