Question 1

What is gestation?

Accepted Answer

A) conception 
B) fertilization 
C) development 
D) pregnancy 
A) conception 
B) fertilization 
C) development 
D) pregnancy D

Question 2

Scenario
Two researchers addressed the generally accepted idea that boxer shorts are better for male fertility than briefs because they lower testicular temperature. They begin by saying, "Although this idea is regarded as dogma by many in the lay community and the changing of underwear type is a therapy frequently recommended by medical practitioners, there is a paucity of data measuring scrotal temperature as a function of underwear type. ("Munkelwitz, Robert, and Gilbert, Bruce R. "Are boxer shorts really better? A critical analysis of the role of underwear type in male subfertility." The Journal of Urology, 160.4 (1998): 1329-1333.)
-What data besides core, skin, and scrotal temperatures would be good to gather to support or reject the hypothesis that underwear type affects fertility?

Accepted Answer

A) the size and position of participants' testes 
B) the number and quality of sperm in wearers of each type of underwear 
C) the ability of participants to maintain temperature in very cold or very warm conditions 
D) the fertility of each man's partner 
A) the size and position of participants' testes 
B) the number and quality of sperm in wearers of each type of underwear 
C) the ability of participants to maintain temperature in very cold or very warm conditions 
D) the fertility of each man's partner B

Question 3

Scenario
Two researchers addressed the generally accepted idea that boxer shorts are better for male fertility than briefs because they lower testicular temperature. They begin by saying, "Although this idea is regarded as dogma by many in the lay community and the changing of underwear type is a therapy frequently recommended by medical practitioners, there is a paucity of data measuring scrotal temperature as a function of underwear type. ("Munkelwitz, Robert, and Gilbert, Bruce R. "Are boxer shorts really better? A critical analysis of the role of underwear type in male subfertility." The Journal of Urology, 160.4 (1998): 1329-1333.)
-What hypothesis are these authors testing?

Accepted Answer

A) Boxer shorts allow the scrotal sac to be more exposed to outside temperature than briefs do. 
B) Boxer shorts fit more loosely than briefs. 
C) Boxer shorts allow the scrotal sac to have a lower temperature than briefs do. 
D) Men with impaired fertility are more likely to wear briefs than boxers. 
A) Boxer shorts allow the scrotal sac to be more exposed to outside temperature than briefs do. 
B) Boxer shorts fit more loosely than briefs. 
C) Boxer shorts allow the scrotal sac to have a lower temperature than briefs do. 
D) Men with impaired fertility are more likely to wear briefs than boxers. C

Question 4

Gastrulation ________.

Accepted Answer

A) produces a solid ball of cells 
B) changes the blastocyst into an embryo that has three tissue layers 
C) changes the fertilized egg into a blastocyst 
D) changes a gastrula into a blastocyst 
A) produces a solid ball of cells 
B) changes the blastocyst into an embryo that has three tissue layers 
C) changes the fertilized egg into a blastocyst 
D) changes a gastrula into a blastocyst

Question 5

Which statement is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Meiosis in oogenesis produces four mature eggs from one primary oocyte. 
B) Oogenesis begins during puberty. 
C) Spermatogenesis in an individual begins before that individual is born. 
D) Oogenesis in humans is completed after stimulation by sperm. 
A) Meiosis in oogenesis produces four mature eggs from one primary oocyte. 
B) Oogenesis begins during puberty. 
C) Spermatogenesis in an individual begins before that individual is born. 
D) Oogenesis in humans is completed after stimulation by sperm.

Question 6

In a human female reproductive system, the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) hymen partly covers the cervical opening 
B) vagina secretes hormones that help maintain the uterine lining 
C) labia minora are a pair of thick, fatty ridges that protect the entire genital region 
D) outer features are collectively called the vulva 
A) hymen partly covers the cervical opening 
B) vagina secretes hormones that help maintain the uterine lining 
C) labia minora are a pair of thick, fatty ridges that protect the entire genital region 
D) outer features are collectively called the vulva

Question 7

Hermaphrodites ________.

Accepted Answer

A) possess both male and female functioning reproductive systems 
B) have the gonads of one sex but the external appearance of the other 
C) usually fertilize themselves 
A) possess both male and female functioning reproductive systems 
B) have the gonads of one sex but the external appearance of the other 
C) usually fertilize themselves

Question 8

A sperm cell's acrosome ________.

Accepted Answer

A) contains the sperm's nucleus and is the part of the sperm that enters the egg during fertilization 
B) fuses with the plasma membrane of the egg cell 
C) contains enzymes that are released when the sperm encounters an egg and dissolves a hole in the jellylike matrix that surrounds the egg 
D) contains the sperm's mitochondria 
A) contains the sperm's nucleus and is the part of the sperm that enters the egg during fertilization 
B) fuses with the plasma membrane of the egg cell 
C) contains enzymes that are released when the sperm encounters an egg and dissolves a hole in the jellylike matrix that surrounds the egg 
D) contains the sperm's mitochondria

Question 9

Which aspect of asexual reproduction is sometimes disadvantageous?

Accepted Answer

A) Allowing animals that do not move around to produce offspring without finding mates. 
B) Allowing an animal to produce many offspring quickly. 
C) Saving the time and energy of gamete production. 
D) Producing genetically uniform populations. 
A) Allowing animals that do not move around to produce offspring without finding mates. 
B) Allowing an animal to produce many offspring quickly. 
C) Saving the time and energy of gamete production. 
D) Producing genetically uniform populations.

Question 10

According to the diagram, after a vasectomy (within the scrotal sac), ________.

Accepted Answer

A) secretions from the prostate and seminal vesicle can no longer reach the urethra 
B) secretions from the seminal vesicles can no longer reach the urethra 
C) sperm can no longer reach the epididymis 
D) sperm from the testes can no longer reach the urethra 
A) secretions from the prostate and seminal vesicle can no longer reach the urethra 
B) secretions from the seminal vesicles can no longer reach the urethra 
C) sperm can no longer reach the epididymis 
D) sperm from the testes can no longer reach the urethra

Question 11

Male fertility could be severely decreased by ________.

Accepted Answer

A) a defect in cilia production 
B) the presence of FSH in a male's body 
C) lack of production of polar bodies 
D) a defect in flagella production 
A) a defect in cilia production 
B) the presence of FSH in a male's body 
C) lack of production of polar bodies 
D) a defect in flagella production

Question 12

Researchers have found a general relationship between testicular cancer and exercise. Increased exercise is associated with a decrease in incidence of testicular cancer. However, a positive relationship (increased incidence of testicular cancer)was found between testicular cancer and riding bikes or horses. Several factors might be hypothesized to bring about this result. All but one of the following statements are reasonable hypotheses that researchers might follow to seek the cause for this relationship. Choose the exception.

Accepted Answer

A) Riding bikes or horses causes trauma to the testes. 
B) The seat on bikes and the saddle on horses are made of material containing chemicals that damage testicular cells. 
C) Riding bikes or horses increases scrotal temperature, which damages testicular cells. 
D) Mutations that lead to testicular cancer make men more likely to ride bikes or horses. 
A) Riding bikes or horses causes trauma to the testes. 
B) The seat on bikes and the saddle on horses are made of material containing chemicals that damage testicular cells. 
C) Riding bikes or horses increases scrotal temperature, which damages testicular cells. 
D) Mutations that lead to testicular cancer make men more likely to ride bikes or horses.

Question 13

The lifeline between the embryo and the placenta is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) derived from the yolk sac 
B) derived from the amnion 
C) called the "chorion" 
D) called the "umbilical cord" 
A) derived from the yolk sac 
B) derived from the amnion 
C) called the "chorion" 
D) called the "umbilical cord"

Question 14

Examine the embryo in the figure. The hands and feet of this embryo appear paddle-like, with no distinct toes or fingers. What process is needed to define each of the toes and fingers?

Accepted Answer

A) programmed cell death 
B) neurulation 
C) gastrulation 
D) induction 
A) programmed cell death 
B) neurulation 
C) gastrulation 
D) induction

Question 15

Which substance stimulates contractions in uterine smooth muscle during labor?

Accepted Answer

A) progesterone 
B) estrogen 
C) oxytocin 
D) prolactin 
A) progesterone 
B) estrogen 
C) oxytocin 
D) prolactin

Question 16

-What does the ovarian cycle image illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A) A rise in the level of luteinizing hormone brings about ovulation. 
B) A rise in the level of estrogen brings about ovulation. 
C) The endometrium is thinner during the first half of the cycle than during the latter half. 
D) A corpus luteum is necessary for ovulation. 
A) A rise in the level of luteinizing hormone brings about ovulation. 
B) A rise in the level of estrogen brings about ovulation. 
C) The endometrium is thinner during the first half of the cycle than during the latter half. 
D) A corpus luteum is necessary for ovulation.

Question 17

Female fertility could be severely decreased by ________.

Accepted Answer

A) a defect in cilia production 
B) the presence of FSH in a male's body 
C) lack of production of polar bodies 
D) a defect in flagella production 
A) a defect in cilia production 
B) the presence of FSH in a male's body 
C) lack of production of polar bodies 
D) a defect in flagella production

Question 18

According to the diagram ________.

Accepted Answer

A) secretions from the prostate and seminal vesicle do not exit through the urethra 
B) the urethra carries seminal fluid and the prostate stores urine 
C) the vas deferens connects directly to the penis without entering the body cavity 
D) an enlarged prostate could press against the urinary bladder causing increased frequency of urination 
A) secretions from the prostate and seminal vesicle do not exit through the urethra 
B) the urethra carries seminal fluid and the prostate stores urine 
C) the vas deferens connects directly to the penis without entering the body cavity 
D) an enlarged prostate could press against the urinary bladder causing increased frequency of urination

Question 19

The liver, pancreas, and lining of the digestive tract come from ________.

Accepted Answer

A) ectoderm 
B) endoderm 
C) mesoderm 
D) endometrium 
A) ectoderm 
B) endoderm 
C) mesoderm 
D) endometrium

Question 20

Which situation is NOT a legal or physical disadvantage of current reproductive technologies?

Accepted Answer

A) Babies born as a result of In Vitro Fertilization have significantly higher rates of autism. 
B) Surgery is necessary to remove eggs for In Vitro Fertilization. 
C) Hormone injections to promote ovulation may cause the birth of multiples. 
D) It is sometimes unclear how current law applies to babies born through current reproductive technologies. 
A) Babies born as a result of In Vitro Fertilization have significantly higher rates of autism. 
B) Surgery is necessary to remove eggs for In Vitro Fertilization. 
C) Hormone injections to promote ovulation may cause the birth of multiples. 
D) It is sometimes unclear how current law applies to babies born through current reproductive technologies.

Exam 26: Reproduction and Development

What is gestation?

Gastrulation ________.

Which statement is TRUE?

In a human female reproductive system, the ________.

Hermaphrodites ________.

A sperm cell's acrosome ________.

Which aspect of asexual reproduction is sometimes disadvantageous?

According to the diagram, after a vasectomy (within the scrotal sac), ________.

Male fertility could be severely decreased by ________.

The lifeline between the embryo and the placenta is ________.

Examine the embryo in the figure. The hands and feet of this embryo appear paddle-like, with no distinct toes or fingers. What process is needed to define each of the toes and fingers?

Which substance stimulates contractions in uterine smooth muscle during labor?

-What does the ovarian cycle image illustrate?

Female fertility could be severely decreased by ________.

According to the diagram ________.

The liver, pancreas, and lining of the digestive tract come from ________.

Which situation is NOT a legal or physical disadvantage of current reproductive technologies?

Learning About Life

Essential Chemistry for Biology

The Molecules of Life

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy From Food

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

Cellular Reproduction: Cells From Cells

Patterns of Inheritance

The Structure and Function of Dna

How Genes Are Controlled

Dna Technology

How Populations Evolve

How Biological Diversity Evolves

The Evolution of Microbial Life

The Evolution of Plants and Fungi

The Evolution of Animals

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Circulation and Respiration

The Bodys Defenses

Hormones

Nervous, Sensory, and Locomotor Systems

The Life of a Flowering Plant

The Working Plant

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