Question 1

Reproductive systems with external fertilization are most common in ________.

Accepted Answer

A) animals that reproduce asexually 
B) animals that are widely dispersed 
C) aquatic animals 
D) populations with many more females than males 
A) animals that reproduce asexually 
B) animals that are widely dispersed 
C) aquatic animals 
D) populations with many more females than males

Question 2

The animal in the accompanying figure illustrates ________.

Accepted Answer

A) fission 
B) regeneration 
C) asexual reproduction 
D) growth of male reproductive structures 
A) fission 
B) regeneration 
C) asexual reproduction 
D) growth of male reproductive structures

Question 3

Scenario
Two researchers addressed the generally accepted idea that boxer shorts are better for male fertility than briefs because they lower testicular temperature. They begin by saying, "Although this idea is regarded as dogma by many in the lay community and the changing of underwear type is a therapy frequently recommended by medical practitioners, there is a paucity of data measuring scrotal temperature as a function of underwear type. ("Munkelwitz, Robert, and Gilbert, Bruce R. "Are boxer shorts really better? A critical analysis of the role of underwear type in male subfertility." The Journal of Urology, 160.4 (1998): 1329-1333.)
-The data below are average temperatures from an experiment with more than 100 men in boxers and in briefs.   What conclusion can be drawn from these data?

Accepted Answer

A) Men who wore briefs were cooler overall than men who wore boxers. 
B) The type of underwear men wear has no impact on fertility. 
C) The generally held idea is confirmed that men who wear boxers have cooler scrotal temperatures than those who wear briefs. 
D) Scrotal temperature is not significantly decreased by wearing boxers rather than briefs. 
A) Men who wore briefs were cooler overall than men who wore boxers. 
B) The type of underwear men wear has no impact on fertility. 
C) The generally held idea is confirmed that men who wear boxers have cooler scrotal temperatures than those who wear briefs. 
D) Scrotal temperature is not significantly decreased by wearing boxers rather than briefs.

Question 4

At about what point in gestation does the fetal heartbeat become audible by stethoscope and the fetus's movements easily felt by the mother?

Accepted Answer

A) 15 weeks 
B) 20 weeks 
C) 25 weeks 
D) 30 weeks 
A) 15 weeks 
B) 20 weeks 
C) 25 weeks 
D) 30 weeks

Question 5

Which types of pathogens cause sexually transmitted diseases that are generally NOT curable?

Accepted Answer

A) bacteria 
B) viruses 
C) fungi 
D) insects 
A) bacteria 
B) viruses 
C) fungi 
D) insects

Question 6

Scenario
Two researchers addressed the generally accepted idea that boxer shorts are better for male fertility than briefs because they lower testicular temperature. They begin by saying, "Although this idea is regarded as dogma by many in the lay community and the changing of underwear type is a therapy frequently recommended by medical practitioners, there is a paucity of data measuring scrotal temperature as a function of underwear type. ("Munkelwitz, Robert, and Gilbert, Bruce R. "Are boxer shorts really better? A critical analysis of the role of underwear type in male subfertility." The Journal of Urology, 160.4 (1998): 1329-1333.)
-Which experimental design is best to test the idea that scrotal temperature is less with boxers than with briefs?

Accepted Answer

A) Take an equal number of men wearing boxers and men wearing briefs and have them go into a clinic and have their scrotal temperatures measured. 
B) Recruit a number of men of approximately the same age and have some put on boxers and some put on briefs and then measure their scrotal temperatures. 
C) Recruit a number of men of approximately the same age with half wearing boxers and half wearing briefs. Have them spend time in a room of the same constant temperature and then measure their scrotal temperatures. 
D) Take the first 100 men who come into a fertility clinic, record who are wearing boxers and who are wearing briefs, and then measure their scrotal temperatures. 
A) Take an equal number of men wearing boxers and men wearing briefs and have them go into a clinic and have their scrotal temperatures measured. 
B) Recruit a number of men of approximately the same age and have some put on boxers and some put on briefs and then measure their scrotal temperatures. 
C) Recruit a number of men of approximately the same age with half wearing boxers and half wearing briefs. Have them spend time in a room of the same constant temperature and then measure their scrotal temperatures. 
D) Take the first 100 men who come into a fertility clinic, record who are wearing boxers and who are wearing briefs, and then measure their scrotal temperatures.

Question 7

The figure shows a human embryo 31 days after conception. Which structure is part of the placenta?

Accepted Answer

A) embryo 
B) chorion 
C) amnion 
D) yolk sac 
A) embryo 
B) chorion 
C) amnion 
D) yolk sac

Question 8

Where in humans does fertilization most often take place?

Accepted Answer

A) ovary 
B) oviduct 
C) vagina 
D) uterus 
A) ovary 
B) oviduct 
C) vagina 
D) uterus

Question 9

What moves a human egg through the oviduct?

Accepted Answer

A) the beating of the egg's cilia 
B) rhythmic contractions of the oviduct 
C) rhythmic contractions of the uterus 
D) the beating of cilia in the oviduct 
A) the beating of the egg's cilia 
B) rhythmic contractions of the oviduct 
C) rhythmic contractions of the uterus 
D) the beating of cilia in the oviduct

Question 10

-What does the ovarian cycle image illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A) The peak of luteinizing hormone occurs slightly before mid-cycle. 
B) Ovulation occurs well before mid-cycle. 
C) The level of luteinizing hormone does not change much during the cycle. 
D) The level of progesterone spikes just before mid-cycle. 
A) The peak of luteinizing hormone occurs slightly before mid-cycle. 
B) Ovulation occurs well before mid-cycle. 
C) The level of luteinizing hormone does not change much during the cycle. 
D) The level of progesterone spikes just before mid-cycle.

Question 11

Asexual reproduction ________.

Accepted Answer

A) creates individuals with unique combinations of genes 
B) generates enormous genetic variation 
C) is an effective way for animals to expand their population quickly and exploit an available environment 
D) provides greater adaptability to changing environments 
A) creates individuals with unique combinations of genes 
B) generates enormous genetic variation 
C) is an effective way for animals to expand their population quickly and exploit an available environment 
D) provides greater adaptability to changing environments

Question 12

Why are polar bodies small?

Accepted Answer

A) because the oocyte cytoplasm is divided into 4 cells 
B) because polar bodies have less genetic material than other cells 
C) because they are produced at the poles of the dividing cell rather than at the equator 
D) because the fertilizable egg needs enough cytoplasm to support the embryo for days 
A) because the oocyte cytoplasm is divided into 4 cells 
B) because polar bodies have less genetic material than other cells 
C) because they are produced at the poles of the dividing cell rather than at the equator 
D) because the fertilizable egg needs enough cytoplasm to support the embryo for days

Question 13

Scenario
Birth control methods act at many points in the reproductive cycle. Some options, such as birth control pills, are highly effective at preventing pregnancy. However, only a few commonly available methods are effective at preventing the transmission of sexually transmitted disease (STD). The Center for Disease Control estimates that each year about 10 million new STD infections strike people ages 15 to 24.
-A vasectomy ________.

Accepted Answer

A) prevents the production of sperm in the testes 
B) prevents the production of semen 
C) prevents the movement of sperm out of the testes 
D) is an effective method to prevent the transmission of sexually transmitted disease 
A) prevents the production of sperm in the testes 
B) prevents the production of semen 
C) prevents the movement of sperm out of the testes 
D) is an effective method to prevent the transmission of sexually transmitted disease

Question 14

-The figure shows male reproductive anatomy. In a human male reproductive system, ________.

Accepted Answer

A) sperm mature in the urethra 
B) the vas deferens conducts sperm between the testis and epididymis 
C) the sperm travel through the sperm duct before reaching the urethra during ejaculation 
D) sperm mature in the prostate gland 
A) sperm mature in the urethra 
B) the vas deferens conducts sperm between the testis and epididymis 
C) the sperm travel through the sperm duct before reaching the urethra during ejaculation 
D) sperm mature in the prostate gland

Question 15

If an embryo failed to secrete HCG ________.

Accepted Answer

A) maternal elements of the placenta would fail to develop 
B) fetal elements of the placenta would fail to develop 
C) neural tube formation would not occur, and the embryo would not have a brain 
D) spontaneous abortion of the embryo would occur 
A) maternal elements of the placenta would fail to develop 
B) fetal elements of the placenta would fail to develop 
C) neural tube formation would not occur, and the embryo would not have a brain 
D) spontaneous abortion of the embryo would occur

Question 16

Menstruation ________.

Accepted Answer

A) involves the release of the endometrium 
B) is stimulated by HCG 
C) occurs after ovulation but prior to production of the corpus luteum 
D) is triggered by an LH surge 
A) involves the release of the endometrium 
B) is stimulated by HCG 
C) occurs after ovulation but prior to production of the corpus luteum 
D) is triggered by an LH surge

Question 17

Researchers have found a general relationship between testicular cancer and exercise. Increased exercise is associated with a decrease in incidence of testicular cancer. However, a positive relationship (increased incidence of testicular cancer)was found between testicular cancer and riding bikes or horses. Several factors might be hypothesized to bring about this result. Which hypothesis is properly related to a prediction that arises from it?

Accepted Answer

A) Hypothesis: Riding bikes or horses causes trauma to the testes. Prediction: Bike or horse riding will cause testes to shrink. 
B) Hypothesis: The seat on bikes and the saddle on horses are made of material containing chemicals that damage testicular cells. Prediction: Chemicals found in bike seats or horse saddles damage testicular cells. 
C) Hypothesis: Riding bikes or horses increases scrotal temperature, which damages testicular cells. Prediction: Bike riders are more likely to wear briefs than boxers as their underwear of choice. 
D) Hypothesis: Mutations that lead to testicular cancer make men more likely to ride bikes or horses. Prediction: Men who ride bikes or horses exercise less. 
A) Hypothesis: Riding bikes or horses causes trauma to the testes. Prediction: Bike or horse riding will cause testes to shrink. 
B) Hypothesis: The seat on bikes and the saddle on horses are made of material containing chemicals that damage testicular cells. Prediction: Chemicals found in bike seats or horse saddles damage testicular cells. 
C) Hypothesis: Riding bikes or horses increases scrotal temperature, which damages testicular cells. Prediction: Bike riders are more likely to wear briefs than boxers as their underwear of choice. 
D) Hypothesis: Mutations that lead to testicular cancer make men more likely to ride bikes or horses. Prediction: Men who ride bikes or horses exercise less.

Question 18

Scenario
Birth control methods act at many points in the reproductive cycle. Some options, such as birth control pills, are highly effective at preventing pregnancy. However, only a few commonly available methods are effective at preventing the transmission of sexually transmitted disease (STD). The Center for Disease Control estimates that each year about 10 million new STD infections strike people ages 15 to 24.
-Which birth control method provides the most effective protection against pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease for sexually active people?

Accepted Answer

A) the pill 
B) male latex condoms 
C) a diaphragm 
D) the rhythm method 
A) the pill 
B) male latex condoms 
C) a diaphragm 
D) the rhythm method

Question 19

What action might increase the number of eggs which mature if female infertility is caused by the absence of ovulation?

Accepted Answer

A) increase the level of progesterone 
B) increase the level of follicle stimulating hormone 
C) decrease the amount of progesterone 
D) increase the length of time the corpus luteum remains present 
A) increase the level of progesterone 
B) increase the level of follicle stimulating hormone 
C) decrease the amount of progesterone 
D) increase the length of time the corpus luteum remains present

Exam 26: Reproduction and Development

Reproductive systems with external fertilization are most common in ________.

The animal in the accompanying figure illustrates ________.

At about what point in gestation does the fetal heartbeat become audible by stethoscope and the fetus's movements easily felt by the mother?

Which types of pathogens cause sexually transmitted diseases that are generally NOT curable?

The figure shows a human embryo 31 days after conception. Which structure is part of the placenta?

Where in humans does fertilization most often take place?

What moves a human egg through the oviduct?

-What does the ovarian cycle image illustrate?

Asexual reproduction ________.

Why are polar bodies small?

-The figure shows male reproductive anatomy. In a human male reproductive system, ________.

If an embryo failed to secrete HCG ________.

Menstruation ________.

What action might increase the number of eggs which mature if female infertility is caused by the absence of ovulation?

Learning About Life

Essential Chemistry for Biology

The Molecules of Life

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy From Food

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

Cellular Reproduction: Cells From Cells

Patterns of Inheritance

The Structure and Function of Dna

How Genes Are Controlled

Dna Technology

How Populations Evolve

How Biological Diversity Evolves

The Evolution of Microbial Life

The Evolution of Plants and Fungi

The Evolution of Animals

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Circulation and Respiration

The Bodys Defenses

Hormones

Nervous, Sensory, and Locomotor Systems

The Life of a Flowering Plant

The Working Plant

Filters