Question 1

Vitamins are ________.

Accepted Answer

A) organic molecules that are required in the diet in very small amounts 
B) carbohydrates that we can synthesize from simpler molecules 
C) important supplements for children, but not adults 
A) organic molecules that are required in the diet in very small amounts 
B) carbohydrates that we can synthesize from simpler molecules 
C) important supplements for children, but not adults

Question 2

Examine the FDA label for the loaf of Baker Organic Bread and answer the following questions.  
-How many loaves of bread would an average person need to eat in order to get the FDA Daily Value of the vitamin needed to prevent photophobia?

Accepted Answer

A) 0)9 
B) 1)4 
C) 2)8 
D) Bread does not contain this vitamin 
A) 0)9 
B) 1)4 
C) 2)8 
D) Bread does not contain this vitamin

Question 3

Certain amino acids are called essential because they ________.

Accepted Answer

A) are required for making protein 
B) cannot be made by the body from other compounds 
C) store energy 
D) are required for making nucleic acids 
A) are required for making protein 
B) cannot be made by the body from other compounds 
C) store energy 
D) are required for making nucleic acids

Question 4

On a global scale, the most significant type of malnutrition is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) vitamin A deficiency 
B) calcium deficiency 
C) iron deficiency 
D) protein deficiency 
A) vitamin A deficiency 
B) calcium deficiency 
C) iron deficiency 
D) protein deficiency

Question 5

What is the epiglottis?

Accepted Answer

A) a muscle that moves the esophagus into line with the pharynx during swallowing 
B) a muscle that sends food into the esophagus during swallowing 
C) a flap that flips down to cover the entry to the trachea during swallowing 
D) a muscular sphincter that closes off the entry to the trachea during swallowing 
A) a muscle that moves the esophagus into line with the pharynx during swallowing 
B) a muscle that sends food into the esophagus during swallowing 
C) a flap that flips down to cover the entry to the trachea during swallowing 
D) a muscular sphincter that closes off the entry to the trachea during swallowing

Question 6

The digestive compartment of a cnidarian (such as a jellyfish)has ________ opening(s).

Accepted Answer

A) one 
B) two 
C) three 
D) four 
A) one 
B) two 
C) three 
D) four

Question 7

Examine the FDA label for the loaf of Baker Organic Bread and answer the following questions.  
-How many servings of bread would an average person have to eat in order to get the FDA Daily Value of the water-soluble vitamin needed for reducing the risk of birth defects?

Accepted Answer

A) 50 
B) 25 
C) 17 
D) Bread does not contain this vitamin. 
A) 50 
B) 25 
C) 17 
D) Bread does not contain this vitamin.

Question 8

Scenario
There are many diseases of the digestive system. Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease that destroys tear ducts and salivary glands. In megaesophagus, peristalsis fails to occur properly and the esophagus is enlarged. In achlorhydria (also called "hypochlorhydria")production of gastric acid is absent or low. When a person has diverticulitis, feces are trapped in small pouches of the large intestine, and cause infection. Infected portions of the large intestine can swell and block the large intestine. In exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, there is a progressive loss of pancreatic cells that make digestive enzymes. In gallstone cholestasis, bile cannot flow from the liver to the duodenum.
-Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency would show symptoms most similar to ________.

Accepted Answer

A) Sjögren's syndrome 
B) megaesophagus 
C) diverticulitis 
D) celiac disease 
A) Sjögren's syndrome 
B) megaesophagus 
C) diverticulitis 
D) celiac disease

Question 9

Examine the FDA label for the loaf of Baker Organic Bread and answer the following questions.  
-A person who is trying to lose weight eats four servings of bread. Which activity would burn more total Calories than is consumed in those four servings?

Accepted Answer

A) an hour of leisurely biking (<10 mph), 292 Calories 
B) an hour of canoeing, 256 Calories 
C) an hour of resistance (weight)training, 365 Calories 
D) an hour of hiking, 438 Calories 
A) an hour of leisurely biking (<10 mph), 292 Calories 
B) an hour of canoeing, 256 Calories 
C) an hour of resistance (weight)training, 365 Calories 
D) an hour of hiking, 438 Calories

Question 10

The figure below shows the energy (kcal)burned per hour by a 150-pound person performing various activities. Use this figure to answer these questions.  
-Four students start to meet up every night to eat a slice of thick crust pepperoni pizza for a study break at 1 A.M. These students have very similar class schedules and sleeping habits, but differ in exercise habits. Which student will gain the LEAST weight from this pizza study break?

Accepted Answer

A) The student who swims for one hour, every other day. 
B) The student who walks a dog for 30 minutes every day. 
C) The student who dances fast for two hours every Friday night. 
D) The student who commutes by bike, 15 minutes per weekday. 
A) The student who swims for one hour, every other day. 
B) The student who walks a dog for 30 minutes every day. 
C) The student who dances fast for two hours every Friday night. 
D) The student who commutes by bike, 15 minutes per weekday.

Question 11

Please refer to the following art to answer the following questions.  
-A person with a BMI of 27 would be described as ________.

Accepted Answer

A) overweight 
B) normal weight 
C) underweight 
D) It depends on the person's height. 
A) overweight 
B) normal weight 
C) underweight 
D) It depends on the person's height.

Question 12

Spiders are ________.

Accepted Answer

A) herbivores 
B) filter feeders 
C) carnivores 
D) omnivores 
A) herbivores 
B) filter feeders 
C) carnivores 
D) omnivores

Question 13

The normal flow of contents in the human alimentary canal is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) pharynx, oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, large intestine 
B) oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine 
C) esophagus, pharynx, stomach, large intestine, small intestine 
D) oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine 
A) pharynx, oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, large intestine 
B) oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine 
C) esophagus, pharynx, stomach, large intestine, small intestine 
D) oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine

Question 14

The figure below shows that ________.

Accepted Answer

A) peristalsis moves food down the esophagus 
B) air cannot get into the trachea when the epiglottis closes the trachea 
C) the trachea is open when you are not swallowing 
D) the esophagus is open when you are breathing 
A) peristalsis moves food down the esophagus 
B) air cannot get into the trachea when the epiglottis closes the trachea 
C) the trachea is open when you are not swallowing 
D) the esophagus is open when you are breathing

Question 15

How does the activity of Helicobacter pylori lead to gastric ulcers in humans?

Accepted Answer

A) It neutralizes the acids of the stomach. 
B) It causes the production of excess acid in the stomach. 
C) It damages the stomach's mucus coat. 
D) It causes the stomach to produce stronger acids. 
A) It neutralizes the acids of the stomach. 
B) It causes the production of excess acid in the stomach. 
C) It damages the stomach's mucus coat. 
D) It causes the stomach to produce stronger acids.

Question 16

When the wall of the stomach fails to protect itself from erosion by gastric juice, the result is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) heartburn 
B) obesity 
C) gastroesophageal reflux disease (GER
D)  
D) a gastric ulcer 
A) heartburn 
B) obesity 
C) gastroesophageal reflux disease (GER
D)  
D) a gastric ulcer

Question 17

Please refer to the following art to answer the following questions.  
-Which person is shifting from an unhealthy category to a healthy category?

Accepted Answer

A) A 120 lb, 5'5" male loses 15 lbs. 
B) A 160 lb, 5'10" female loses 5 lbs. 
C) A 180 lb, 5'10" male loses 20 lbs. 
D) A 130 lb, 5'0" female gains 10 lbs. 
A) A 120 lb, 5'5" male loses 15 lbs. 
B) A 160 lb, 5'10" female loses 5 lbs. 
C) A 180 lb, 5'10" male loses 20 lbs. 
D) A 130 lb, 5'0" female gains 10 lbs.

Question 18

A food ball moves through the esophagus by ________.

Accepted Answer

A) peristalsis 
B) gastric juice 
C) ingestion 
D) absorption 
A) peristalsis 
B) gastric juice 
C) ingestion 
D) absorption

Question 19

The stomach mixes food with the secretions of the stomach wall to form ________.

Accepted Answer

A) gastric juice 
B) a food ball 
C) chyme 
D) acid gastrin 
A) gastric juice 
B) a food ball 
C) chyme 
D) acid gastrin

Question 20

Which structure stores feces until they can be eliminated?

Accepted Answer

A) rectum 
B) appendix 
C) anus 
D) colon 
A) rectum 
B) appendix 
C) anus 
D) colon

Exam 22: Nutrition and Digestion

Vitamins are ________.

Examine the FDA label for the loaf of Baker Organic Bread and answer the following questions. -How many loaves of bread would an average person need to eat in order to get the FDA Daily Value of the vitamin needed to prevent photophobia?

Certain amino acids are called essential because they ________.

On a global scale, the most significant type of malnutrition is ________.

What is the epiglottis?

The digestive compartment of a cnidarian (such as a jellyfish)has ________ opening(s).

Examine the FDA label for the loaf of Baker Organic Bread and answer the following questions. -How many servings of bread would an average person have to eat in order to get the FDA Daily Value of the water-soluble vitamin needed for reducing the risk of birth defects?

Examine the FDA label for the loaf of Baker Organic Bread and answer the following questions. -A person who is trying to lose weight eats four servings of bread. Which activity would burn more total Calories than is consumed in those four servings?

Please refer to the following art to answer the following questions. -A person with a BMI of 27 would be described as ________.

Spiders are ________.

The normal flow of contents in the human alimentary canal is ________.

The figure below shows that ________.

How does the activity of Helicobacter pylori lead to gastric ulcers in humans?

When the wall of the stomach fails to protect itself from erosion by gastric juice, the result is ________.

Please refer to the following art to answer the following questions. -Which person is shifting from an unhealthy category to a healthy category?

A food ball moves through the esophagus by ________.

The stomach mixes food with the secretions of the stomach wall to form ________.

Which structure stores feces until they can be eliminated?

Learning About Life

Essential Chemistry for Biology

The Molecules of Life

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy From Food

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

Cellular Reproduction: Cells From Cells

Patterns of Inheritance

The Structure and Function of Dna

How Genes Are Controlled

Dna Technology

How Populations Evolve

How Biological Diversity Evolves

The Evolution of Microbial Life

The Evolution of Plants and Fungi

The Evolution of Animals

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Circulation and Respiration

The Bodys Defenses

Hormones

Reproduction and Development

Nervous, Sensory, and Locomotor Systems

The Life of a Flowering Plant

The Working Plant

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