Exam 24: The Bodys Defenses

Antibodies ________.

If you suffer an injury such as cutting your foot when you step on a nail, what type of molecule is immediately released by the damaged cells?

What percentage of a population needs to be vaccinated for herd immunity to occur?

Diego was walking to class when he was stung by a bee. Students around him rushed to call for medical assistance as he collapsed to the ground. When the paramedics arrived, they found that Diego had very low blood pressure. What diagnosis is most likely?

________ may destroy infected body cells.

Scenario Avian influenza is a viral infection with few damaging effects that naturally occurs in wild birds. However, avian influenza is highly contagious and can quickly kill domesticated birds. Some human influenza viruses are similar to the avian influenza. People infected with avian influenza develop typical flu symptoms (fever, cough, muscle aches). However, symptoms may become more severe and life-threatening. If avian influenza evolves into a form that is easily transmissible from person to person, a global pandemic of widespread human death might occur. -Humans who are infected with avian influenza are likely to have elevated levels of ________.

Antibodies ________.

Jonas Salk's polio vaccine trials of 1954 involved giving placebos to 201,229 children and the polio vaccine to 200,745 children. Out of those in the placebo group, 142 children developed polio, whereas 57 children from the vaccine group developed polio. Approximately how many less times likely was a child to develop polio if he or she were vaccinated?

Examine the figure. Which process is this figure modeling? [Art: from Figure 24.10 - please remove all text labels and arrows (except for the large blue ones]

A primary function of natural killer cells is to ________.

The major result of the inflammatory response is to ________.

Which type of cells does HIV preferentially infect?

Antibodies are ________.

What do cytotoxic T cells identify and destroy?

A primary immune response differs from a secondary immune response in that the primary response ________.

The figure shows the incidences and infection rates of HIV around the world. What can you conclude from this figure?

A primary immune response is the ________.

What kinds of cells engulf the foreign cells and molecules they encounter and recognize?

Which cell type initiates a secondary immune response?