Exam 4: A Tour of the Cell

Scenario The first prokaryotic cells gave rise to eukaryotic cells approximately 1.7 billion years ago. The structure of eukaryotic cells today suggests how they might have evolved from their prokaryotic ancestors. Scientists examining mitochondria and chloroplasts now think that these organelles were probably free-living prokaryotes before becoming a part of eukaryotic cells long ago. -What evidence suggests that mitochondria might have evolved before chloroplasts?

Which makes up portions of the cytoskeleton?

Using the figure for a reference, approximately how many times larger is the smallest bacteria compared to an atom?

Scenario Different species of bacteria are resistant to different types of antibiotics. For example, one species of bacteria may be resistant to an antibiotic that targets bacterial ribosomes but may not be resistant to a different antibiotic that targets bacterial cell walls. In order to figure out what type of antibiotic(s)a species of bacteria was resistant to, a researcher treated the bacteria with four different antibiotics (A, B, C, and D)and measured how many bacteria were alive over the course of a few weeks. The data that she collected are summarized below. -If you were treating a patient infected with this species of bacteria, which antibiotic would you prescribe to kill the bacteria most effectively?

Where does protein synthesis take place?

Based on its function in detoxifying drugs, one would expect to find a large amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in ________ cells.

Vacuoles are ________.

Plant cells, unlike animal cells, are characterized by the presence of a ________.

Which is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

You find a cell of a type you have never seen before. The cell has both a nucleus and a cell wall. Therefore, you conclude that it is likely to be a(n)________ cell.

In plant cells, ________ may contain organic nutrients, pigments, and poisons.

The structural combination of DNA and protein forms ________.

The microscope best for viewing living cells at low levels of magnification is the ________.

Information is transferred from the nucleus to ribosomes via ________.

Suppose you are designing an antibiotic that specifically targets prokaryotic cells. Which labeled structure in the figure below should you target such that the antibiotic only affects prokaryotic cells?

Tobacco smokers (and those exposed to tobacco smoke)are at greater risk of an ectopic (tubal)pregnancy. Based on your understanding of the structures of the cytoskeleton, what is the BEST explanation for this phenomenon?

Cells in the thyroid gland produce and secrete thyroid hormone (a polymer of amino acids)that helps to regulate metabolism. What organelle is most likely abundant in cells of the thyroid gland?

If a cell's lysosomes burst, the cell would ________.

Functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum include ________.

You are working in the lab and want to use a microscope to examine the fimbriae of a bacterium at the highest magnification possible. What type of microscope should you use?