Question 1

Explain how social identity theory accounts for ingroup favoritism.

Accepted Answer

Social identity theory proposes that peo

Question 2

You think all professors are a bit nerdy and have abstract interests.You find out that your social psychology professor can sing the theme song to any television show that aired in the 1970s or 1980s,and is also fluent in the Star Trek language of Kingdom.You believe that your stereotype has been confirmed by this professor.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) confirmation bias. 
B) implicit personality theory. 
C) self-fulfilling prophecy. 
D) fundamental attribution error. 
A) confirmation bias. 
B) implicit personality theory. 
C) self-fulfilling prophecy. 
D) fundamental attribution error.

Question 3

Lo Sass and colleagues (2011)studied pay disquiet between men and women and found that new female physicians in New York state averaged about______________less pay than their male counterparts.

Accepted Answer

A) $4,000 
B) $11,000 
C) $17,000 
D) $24,000 
A) $4,000 
B) $11,000 
C) $17,000 
D) $24,000

Question 4

Aronson's jigsaw classroom work is similar to Sheriff's Robbers Cave experiment because both illustrate how

Accepted Answer

A) social roles can influence the use of stereotypes. 
B) super ordinate goals can reduce prejudice. 
C) social identification with a group can increase in group favoritism. 
D) overcoming feelings of relative deprivation can decrease prejudice. 
A) social roles can influence the use of stereotypes. 
B) super ordinate goals can reduce prejudice. 
C) social identification with a group can increase in group favoritism. 
D) overcoming feelings of relative deprivation can decrease prejudice.

Question 5

Zone just learned that she did not get into the college of her choice.She comes upon Alec,a resident of a nearby neighborhood and one that most outsiders find distasteful.It is likely that the news Zone just received will cause her______________to judge Alec more______________,making her feel______________about herself.

Accepted Answer

A) positively;worse 
B) negatively;worse 
C) positively;better 
D) negatively;better 
A) positively;worse 
B) negatively;worse 
C) positively;better 
D) negatively;better

Question 6

Groups with which an individual feels a sense of membership,belonging,and identity are called______________ ,and groups with which an individual does not feel a sense of membership,belonging,or identity are called______________.

Accepted Answer

A) in groups;out groups 
B) social categories;group biases 
C) implicit categories;explicit categories 
D) self-groups;social-groups 
A) in groups;out groups 
B) social categories;group biases 
C) implicit categories;explicit categories 
D) self-groups;social-groups

Question 7

Forming subtypes for individuals who do not conform to a group stereotype

Accepted Answer

A) makes it easier to change the content of the stereotype. 
B) serves to protect the stereotype from change. 
C) prevents the stereotype from being applied to other group members. 
D) has the greatest impact on atypical group members. 
A) makes it easier to change the content of the stereotype. 
B) serves to protect the stereotype from change. 
C) prevents the stereotype from being applied to other group members. 
D) has the greatest impact on atypical group members.

Question 8

When Nazi propaganda depicted Jewish individuals as "disease spreading rats," it was an attempt to solidify prejudice and hatred against that group through the use of

Accepted Answer

A) dehumanizing. 
B) stereotype threat. 
C) confirmatory biases. 
D) the ingroup homogeneity effect. 
A) dehumanizing. 
B) stereotype threat. 
C) confirmatory biases. 
D) the ingroup homogeneity effect.

Question 9

Minimal groups are groups

Accepted Answer

A) consisting of only two people. 
B) that occupy low-status positions in society. 
C) based on trivial distinctions of minor importance. 
D) with a long history of competition and antagonism. 
A) consisting of only two people. 
B) that occupy low-status positions in society. 
C) based on trivial distinctions of minor importance. 
D) with a long history of competition and antagonism.

Question 10

Ingroup members are believed to display the outgroup homogeneity effect because

Accepted Answer

A) both groups always compete for shared resources. 
B) they lack familiarity with members of the outgroup. 
C) they lack sufficient information to judge the variability of their own group. 
D) they usually encounter the most typical members of the outgroup. 
A) both groups always compete for shared resources. 
B) they lack familiarity with members of the outgroup. 
C) they lack sufficient information to judge the variability of their own group. 
D) they usually encounter the most typical members of the outgroup.

Question 11

Social categorization leads people to

Accepted Answer

A) perceive group members more accurately. 
B) perceive others as individuals rather than group members. 
C) overestimate differences between groups. 
D) overestimate differences within groups. 
A) perceive group members more accurately. 
B) perceive others as individuals rather than group members. 
C) overestimate differences between groups. 
D) overestimate differences within groups.

Question 12

Adelphi was watching a series of commercials in which women were portrayed as having relatively low self- confidence,less independence,and fewer career aspirations than men do.As a result,Adelphi will probably______________________________________________________________________than women who watched commercials portraying women in counter-stereotypical fashion.

Accepted Answer

A) perform better on a math test 
B) perform worse on a math test 
C) feel more powerful 
D) feel less powerful 
A) perform better on a math test 
B) perform worse on a math test 
C) feel more powerful 
D) feel less powerful

Question 13

Research indicates that white individuals' concern about appearing prejudiced during interracial interactions can

Accepted Answer

A) lead them to try to avoid such interactions altogether. 
B) lead them to sit closer to African-American conversation partners in the effort to make a good impression. 
C) lead them to go out of their way to demonstrate how often they think about and notice race-related issues. 
D) attempt to adopt the behaviors they perceive as being associated with a non-dominant culture. 
A) lead them to try to avoid such interactions altogether. 
B) lead them to sit closer to African-American conversation partners in the effort to make a good impression. 
C) lead them to go out of their way to demonstrate how often they think about and notice race-related issues. 
D) attempt to adopt the behaviors they perceive as being associated with a non-dominant culture.

Question 14

Payne (2001)was among the first to conduct research into the "shooter bias." He found that participants were more likely to mistake a harmless weapon for a gun if the image was preceded by a picture of a black face than it was if it was preceded by a white face.This shows the______________influence of______________on our interpretation of stimuli in our environments.

Accepted Answer

A) explicit stereotypes 
B) self-fulfilling prophecies 
C) priming 
D) subtyping 
A) explicit stereotypes 
B) self-fulfilling prophecies 
C) priming 
D) subtyping

Question 15

Which factor increases the probability of automatic activation of stereotypes?

Accepted Answer

A) exposure to neutral information about a group or target 
B) a personal motivation to avoid prejudice 
C) a low prevalence of the stereotype in the culture 
D) subliminal exposure to prejudicial messages 
A) exposure to neutral information about a group or target 
B) a personal motivation to avoid prejudice 
C) a low prevalence of the stereotype in the culture 
D) subliminal exposure to prejudicial messages

Question 16

The tendency to overestimate the extent to which members of stereotyped groups possess attributes and perform behaviors consistent with the group stereotype results from

Accepted Answer

A) subtyping. 
B) illusory correlations. 
C) stereotype threat. 
D) in group favoritism. 
A) subtyping. 
B) illusory correlations. 
C) stereotype threat. 
D) in group favoritism.

Question 17

Which factor does not contribute to the outgroup homogeneity effect?

Accepted Answer

A) Ingroup members have little information concerning outgroup members. 
B) Ingroup members are unlikely to have frequent contact with outgroup members. 
C) Ingroup members accurately perceive the lack of diversity within the outgroup. 
D) Ingroup members interact with a non-representative sample of outgroup members. 
A) Ingroup members have little information concerning outgroup members. 
B) Ingroup members are unlikely to have frequent contact with outgroup members. 
C) Ingroup members accurately perceive the lack of diversity within the outgroup. 
D) Ingroup members interact with a non-representative sample of outgroup members.

Question 18

Subtyping is least likely when confronted with a group member who

Accepted Answer

A) is dramatically different from the group. 
B) causes observers to bring to mind others who confirm the stereotype. 
C) is perceived to have violated a stereotype for situational reasons. 
D) deviates from the stereotype on only a few dimensions. 
A) is dramatically different from the group. 
B) causes observers to bring to mind others who confirm the stereotype. 
C) is perceived to have violated a stereotype for situational reasons. 
D) deviates from the stereotype on only a few dimensions.

Question 19

The tendency to interpret,seek,and create information that is consistent with pre-existing expectations is called the ____ bias.

Accepted Answer

A) implicit stereotype 
B) representativeness 
C) availability 
D) confirmation 
A) implicit stereotype 
B) representativeness 
C) availability 
D) confirmation

Question 20

A study by Goff,Steele,and Davies (2008)found that white male students sat farther away from black students than from other white students,but only when

Accepted Answer

A) the professor of the class was white. 
B) the professor of the class was black. 
C) they had not been previously acquainted with either the white or black classmates. 
D) they thought the discussions would involve racially sensitive topics. 
A) the professor of the class was white. 
B) the professor of the class was black. 
C) they had not been previously acquainted with either the white or black classmates. 
D) they thought the discussions would involve racially sensitive topics.

Explain how social identity theory accounts for ingroup favoritism.

Lo Sass and colleagues (2011)studied pay disquiet between men and women and found that new female physicians in New York state averaged about______________less pay than their male counterparts.

Aronson's jigsaw classroom work is similar to Sheriff's Robbers Cave experiment because both illustrate how

Zone just learned that she did not get into the college of her choice.She comes upon Alec,a resident of a nearby neighborhood and one that most outsiders find distasteful.It is likely that the news Zone just received will cause herto judge Alec more,making her feel__about herself.

Groups with which an individual feels a sense of membership,belonging,and identity are called ,and groups with which an individual does not feel a sense of membership,belonging,or identity are called.

Forming subtypes for individuals who do not conform to a group stereotype

When Nazi propaganda depicted Jewish individuals as "disease spreading rats," it was an attempt to solidify prejudice and hatred against that group through the use of

Minimal groups are groups

Ingroup members are believed to display the outgroup homogeneity effect because

Social categorization leads people to

Research indicates that white individuals' concern about appearing prejudiced during interracial interactions can

Which factor increases the probability of automatic activation of stereotypes?

The tendency to overestimate the extent to which members of stereotyped groups possess attributes and perform behaviors consistent with the group stereotype results from

Which factor does not contribute to the outgroup homogeneity effect?

Subtyping is least likely when confronted with a group member who

The tendency to interpret,seek,and create information that is consistent with pre-existing expectations is called the ____ bias.

A study by Goff,Steele,and Davies (2008)found that white male students sat farther away from black students than from other white students,but only when

What Is Social Psychology

Doing Social Psychology Research

The Social Self

Perceiving Persons

Attitudes

Conformity

Group Processes

Attraction and Close Relationships

Helping Others

Aggression

Law

Business

Health

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Exam 5: Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Explain how social identity theory accounts for ingroup favoritism.

Lo Sass and colleagues (2011)studied pay disquiet between men and women and found that new female physicians in New York state averaged about______________less pay than their male counterparts.

Aronson's jigsaw classroom work is similar to Sheriff's Robbers Cave experiment because both illustrate how

Groups with which an individual feels a sense of membership,belonging,and identity are called______________ ,and groups with which an individual does not feel a sense of membership,belonging,or identity are called______________.

Forming subtypes for individuals who do not conform to a group stereotype

When Nazi propaganda depicted Jewish individuals as "disease spreading rats," it was an attempt to solidify prejudice and hatred against that group through the use of

Minimal groups are groups

Ingroup members are believed to display the outgroup homogeneity effect because

Social categorization leads people to

Research indicates that white individuals' concern about appearing prejudiced during interracial interactions can

Which factor increases the probability of automatic activation of stereotypes?

The tendency to overestimate the extent to which members of stereotyped groups possess attributes and perform behaviors consistent with the group stereotype results from

Which factor does not contribute to the outgroup homogeneity effect?

Subtyping is least likely when confronted with a group member who

The tendency to interpret,seek,and create information that is consistent with pre-existing expectations is called the ____ bias.

A study by Goff,Steele,and Davies (2008)found that white male students sat farther away from black students than from other white students,but only when

What Is Social Psychology

Doing Social Psychology Research

The Social Self

Perceiving Persons

Attitudes

Conformity

Group Processes

Attraction and Close Relationships

Helping Others

Aggression

Law

Business

Health

Filters

Groups with which an individual feels a sense of membership,belonging,and identity are called ,and groups with which an individual does not feel a sense of membership,belonging,or identity are called.