Question 1

How many protons are contained in one alpha particle?

Accepted Answer

A) 0 
B) 1 
C) 2 
D) 4 
E) 6 
A) 0 
B) 1 
C) 2 
D) 4 
E) 6

Question 2

The sun's source of energy is nuclear fission.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Positrons are produced when a proton is converted to a neutron in the nucleus of a radioactive isotope.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which one of the following radioactive isotopes is used to diagnose coronary disease?

Accepted Answer

A) thallium-201 
B) iodine-131 
C) xenon-133 
D) uranium-238 
E) carbon-14 
A) thallium-201 
B) iodine-131 
C) xenon-133 
D) uranium-238 
E) carbon-14

Question 5

A metastable isotope decays by emitting a gamma ray.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

What does the symbol 4
2 He represent?

Accepted Answer

A) an alpha particle 
B) a beta particle 
C) a gamma ray 
D) a positron 
E) a deuteron 
A) an alpha particle 
B) a beta particle 
C) a gamma ray 
D) a positron 
E) a deuteron

Question 7

Control rods made of cadmium or boron moderate the fission reactions in nuclear power plants.Which of the following best describes how control rods function?

Accepted Answer

A) Control rods absorb the high heat that is produced from the fission reactions,preventing overheating from occurring. 
B) Control rods absorb some of the fast moving neutrons that are produced in the fission reactions,preventing their initiation of other fission reactions. 
C) Control rods absorb the steam produced when the water is heated to a high temperature,preventing the generation of electricity. 
D) Control rods absorb gamma rays that are responsible for initiating a chain reaction. 
E) Control rods act as a catalyst for the reverse of the fission reaction,preventing the fission reaction from continuing. 
A) Control rods absorb the high heat that is produced from the fission reactions,preventing overheating from occurring. 
B) Control rods absorb some of the fast moving neutrons that are produced in the fission reactions,preventing their initiation of other fission reactions. 
C) Control rods absorb the steam produced when the water is heated to a high temperature,preventing the generation of electricity. 
D) Control rods absorb gamma rays that are responsible for initiating a chain reaction. 
E) Control rods act as a catalyst for the reverse of the fission reaction,preventing the fission reaction from continuing.

Question 8

When a molecule is hit by gamma radiation,it may become ionized.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Isotopes with even numbers of protons and neutrons are generally more stable than those with odd numbers of these particles.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Because iodine tends to concentrate in one particular organ of the body,radioactive iodine is often used as a diagnostic tool to determine how this organ is functioning.In which organ does iodine tend to concentrate?

Accepted Answer

A) liver 
B) kidneys 
C) brain 
D) pancreas 
E) thyroid 
A) liver 
B) kidneys 
C) brain 
D) pancreas 
E) thyroid

Question 11

What statement concerning the half-life of a radioactive isotope is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) The half-life of a radioactive isotope is the amount of time it takes for one half of the sample to undergo radioactive decay. 
B) The stability of a radioactive isotope is indicated by its half-life; isotopes with shorter half-lives are very unstable. 
C) A radioactive isotope with a short half-life emits its radiation quickly. 
D) The half-life of a particular radioactive isotope decreases as the amount of the radioactive material decreases. 
E) Different radioactive isotopes have different decay rates,and therefore have different half-lives. 
A) The half-life of a radioactive isotope is the amount of time it takes for one half of the sample to undergo radioactive decay. 
B) The stability of a radioactive isotope is indicated by its half-life; isotopes with shorter half-lives are very unstable. 
C) A radioactive isotope with a short half-life emits its radiation quickly. 
D) The half-life of a particular radioactive isotope decreases as the amount of the radioactive material decreases. 
E) Different radioactive isotopes have different decay rates,and therefore have different half-lives.

Question 12

When the isotope $$214$$
83 Bi undergoes alpha decay,what isotope is formed?

Accepted Answer

A)  212
81 Ti 
B)  $$212$$
79 Au 
C)  $$214$$
84 Po 
D)  210
81 Ti 
E)  $214 \mathrm {~m}$
83 Bi 
A)  212
81 Ti 
B)  $$212$$
79 Au 
C)  $$214$$
84 Po 
D)  210
81 Ti 
E)  $214 \mathrm {~m}$
83 Bi

Question 13

Which statement concerning nuclear reactions and chemical reactions is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Nuclear reactions involve changes in the protons or neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. 
B) Chemical reactions involve changes in the valence electrons of an atom. 
C) Nuclear reactions usually result in a change in the identity of the radioactive isotope. 
D) Nuclear reactions are capable of producing more energy than chemical reactions. 
E) Chemical reactions always occur much faster than nuclear reactions. 
A) Nuclear reactions involve changes in the protons or neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. 
B) Chemical reactions involve changes in the valence electrons of an atom. 
C) Nuclear reactions usually result in a change in the identity of the radioactive isotope. 
D) Nuclear reactions are capable of producing more energy than chemical reactions. 
E) Chemical reactions always occur much faster than nuclear reactions.

Question 14

A 200.0-ng sample of sodium-24 was stored in a lead-lined cabinet for 45 hours.The half-life of sodium-24 is 15 hours.How much sodium-24 remains?

Accepted Answer

A) 100 ng 
B) 75 ng 
C) 50 ng 
D) 25 ng 
E) 13 ng 
A) 100 ng 
B) 75 ng 
C) 50 ng 
D) 25 ng 
E) 13 ng

Question 15

Nuclei with 84 or more protons are unstable and radioactive.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Commercial nuclear power plants use the fusion process to generate electrical energy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

What fraction of the initial amount of an isotope remains after five half-lives?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.200 
B) 0.969 
C) 0.0100 
D) 0.0313 
E) 1.00 × 10-10 
A) 0.200 
B) 0.969 
C) 0.0100 
D) 0.0313 
E) 1.00 × 10-10

Question 18

In the general symbol A
Z X for a nucleus,how is the number of neutrons calculated?

Accepted Answer

A) A + Z 
B) A - Z 
C) Z - A 
D) 2Z - A 
E) 2Z + A 
A) A + Z 
B) A - Z 
C) Z - A 
D) 2Z - A 
E) 2Z + A

Question 19

What type of radioactive decay is illustrated by the following nuclear equation? $238$
92 C ? 234
90 B + 4
2 He

Accepted Answer

A) positron emission 
B) alpha decay 
C) beta decay 
D) gamma production 
E) helium emission 
A) positron emission 
B) alpha decay 
C) beta decay 
D) gamma production 
E) helium emission

Question 20

What percentage of the initial amount of a radioactive isotope will remain after ten half-lives?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.50% 
B) 0.78% 
C) 0.36% 
D) 0.11% 
E) 0.098% 
A) 0.50% 
B) 0.78% 
C) 0.36% 
D) 0.11% 
E) 0.098%

Exam 9: The Nucleus, radioactivity, and Nuclear Medicine

How many protons are contained in one alpha particle?

The sun's source of energy is nuclear fission.

Positrons are produced when a proton is converted to a neutron in the nucleus of a radioactive isotope.

Which one of the following radioactive isotopes is used to diagnose coronary disease?

A metastable isotope decays by emitting a gamma ray.

What does the symbol 4 2 He represent?

Control rods made of cadmium or boron moderate the fission reactions in nuclear power plants.Which of the following best describes how control rods function?

When a molecule is hit by gamma radiation,it may become ionized.

Isotopes with even numbers of protons and neutrons are generally more stable than those with odd numbers of these particles.

Because iodine tends to concentrate in one particular organ of the body,radioactive iodine is often used as a diagnostic tool to determine how this organ is functioning.In which organ does iodine tend to concentrate?

What statement concerning the half-life of a radioactive isotope is FALSE?

When the isotope 214214214 83 Bi undergoes alpha decay,what isotope is formed?

Which statement concerning nuclear reactions and chemical reactions is FALSE?

A 200.0-ng sample of sodium-24 was stored in a lead-lined cabinet for 45 hours.The half-life of sodium-24 is 15 hours.How much sodium-24 remains?

Nuclei with 84 or more protons are unstable and radioactive.

Commercial nuclear power plants use the fusion process to generate electrical energy.

What fraction of the initial amount of an isotope remains after five half-lives?

In the general symbol A Z X for a nucleus,how is the number of neutrons calculated?

What type of radioactive decay is illustrated by the following nuclear equation? 238238238 92 C ? 234 90 B + 4 2 He

What percentage of the initial amount of a radioactive isotope will remain after ten half-lives?

Chemistry - Methods and Measurement

The Structure of the Atom and the Periodic Table

Structure and Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds

Calculations, chemical Changes, and the Chemical Equation

States of Matter: Gases, liquids, and Solids

Solutions

Energy,rate and Equilibrium

Acids and Bases

An Introduction to Organic Chemistry

The Unsaturated Hydrocarbons: Alkenes, alkynes, and Aromatics

Alcohols, phenols, thiols, and Ethers

Aldehydes and Ketones

Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Amines and Amides

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Their Functions in Biochemical Systems

Protein Structure and Function

Enzymes

Introduction to Molecular Genetics

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Aerobic Respiration and Energy Production

Fatty Acid Metabolism

Filters

When the isotope $214$ 83 Bi undergoes alpha decay,what isotope is formed?

What type of radioactive decay is illustrated by the following nuclear equation? $238$ 92 C ? 234 90 B + 4 2 He