Question 1

The mass number of an alpha particle is 4.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Compared to the energy of chemical bonds,nuclear binding energy is very weak.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

A 50-mg sample of iodine-131 was placed in a container 32.4 days ago.If its half-life is 8.1 days,how many milligrams of iodine-131 are now present?

Accepted Answer

A) 47.3 mg 
B) 3.1 mg 
C) 3.24 mg 
D) 0.81 mg 
E) 6.2 mg 
A) 47.3 mg 
B) 3.1 mg 
C) 3.24 mg 
D) 0.81 mg 
E) 6.2 mg

Question 4

What does the symbol $\begin{array} { c } 
0 \
+ 1
\end{array}$ e represent?

Accepted Answer

A) an alpha particle 
B) a beta particle 
C) a gamma ray 
D) a positron 
E) a deuteron 
A) an alpha particle 
B) a beta particle 
C) a gamma ray 
D) a positron 
E) a deuteron

Question 5

What particle or nucleus X is needed to complete the following equation? 210
86 Rn ? 206
84 Po + X

Accepted Answer

A) proton 
B) uranium-235 
C) alpha 
D) beta 
E) gamma 
A) proton 
B) uranium-235 
C) alpha 
D) beta 
E) gamma

Question 6

Which type of radiation has the greatest penetrating power?

Accepted Answer

A) alpha particle 
B) beta particle 
C) positron 
D) gamma ray 
E) All radiation types are equally penetrating. 
A) alpha particle 
B) beta particle 
C) positron 
D) gamma ray 
E) All radiation types are equally penetrating.

Question 7

What type of radioactive decay is illustrated by the following nuclear equation? 11
6 C ? 11
5 B + $\begin{array} { c } 
0 \
+ 1
\end{array}$ e

Accepted Answer

A) positron emission 
B) alpha decay 
C) beta decay 
D) gamma production 
E) helium emission 
A) positron emission 
B) alpha decay 
C) beta decay 
D) gamma production 
E) helium emission

Question 8

Why are cancer cells more sensitive to radiation than normal cells?

Accepted Answer

A) The cells most sensitive to radiation are the ones undergoing rapid cellular division; cancer cells are an example of rapidly dividing cells. 
B) The cells most sensitive to radiation are the ones undergoing slow cellular division; cancer cells are an example of slowly dividing cells. 
C) The cells most sensitive to radiation are the ones that do not undergo cellular division; cancer cells are an example of cells that do not divide. 
D) Cancer cells generally form on top of normal cells; they are therefore the cells closest to the applied radiation. 
E) Cancer cells are shielded from radiation by their thick cellular membrane; normal cells lack this cellular membrane. 
A) The cells most sensitive to radiation are the ones undergoing rapid cellular division; cancer cells are an example of rapidly dividing cells. 
B) The cells most sensitive to radiation are the ones undergoing slow cellular division; cancer cells are an example of slowly dividing cells. 
C) The cells most sensitive to radiation are the ones that do not undergo cellular division; cancer cells are an example of cells that do not divide. 
D) Cancer cells generally form on top of normal cells; they are therefore the cells closest to the applied radiation. 
E) Cancer cells are shielded from radiation by their thick cellular membrane; normal cells lack this cellular membrane.

Question 9

Unstable nuclei become more stable by spontaneously undergoing a change in their nucleus and emitting radiation.What is the term used to describe this process?

Accepted Answer

A) stabilization 
B) nuclear dissociation 
C) radioactive decay 
D) nuclear fusion 
E) ionization 
A) stabilization 
B) nuclear dissociation 
C) radioactive decay 
D) nuclear fusion 
E) ionization

Question 10

The half-life of cobalt-60 is 5.3 years.What percent of a sample of cobalt-60 will remain after 21.2 years?

Accepted Answer

A) 50% 
B) 40% 
C) 12.5% 
D) 10% 
E) 6.25% 
A) 50% 
B) 40% 
C) 12.5% 
D) 10% 
E) 6.25%

Question 11

Which type of radiation emitted by radioactive nuclei has no mass and no charge?

Accepted Answer

A) alpha particle 
B) beta particle 
C) positron 
D) gamma ray 
E) All radiation types have a mass and charge. 
A) alpha particle 
B) beta particle 
C) positron 
D) gamma ray 
E) All radiation types have a mass and charge.

Question 12

Which radioactive element is sometimes found in indoor air in such places as basements?

Accepted Answer

A) polonium 
B) thallium 
C) uranium 
D) radon 
E) plutonium 
A) polonium 
B) thallium 
C) uranium 
D) radon 
E) plutonium

Question 13

Gamma rays move at the speed of light.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which type of radiation emitted by radioactive nuclei is the slowest moving and least penetrating?

Accepted Answer

A) alpha 
B) beta 
C) gamma 
D) positron 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) alpha 
B) beta 
C) gamma 
D) positron 
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 15

Which of the following particles or rays requires barriers of lead and/or concrete for adequate protection?

Accepted Answer

A) alpha 
B) beta 
C) gamma 
D) proton 
E) electron 
A) alpha 
B) beta 
C) gamma 
D) proton 
E) electron

Question 16

Doubling the distance from a source of radioactivity will halve the radiation intensity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

What term is used to describe radioactive substances that are used as probes to study internal organs?

Accepted Answer

A) isotopes 
B) tracers 
C) metastable nuclides 
D) Geiger counter 
E) roentgens 
A) isotopes 
B) tracers 
C) metastable nuclides 
D) Geiger counter 
E) roentgens

Question 18

How many electrons are contained in an alpha particle?

Accepted Answer

A) 0 
B) 1 
C) 2 
D) 4 
E) 6 
A) 0 
B) 1 
C) 2 
D) 4 
E) 6

Question 19

What fissionable isotope or element is produced from uranium-238 in a breeder reactor?

Accepted Answer

A) uranium-235 
B) uranium-238m 
C) plutonium-239 
D) carbon-14 
E) hydrogen-3 
A) uranium-235 
B) uranium-238m 
C) plutonium-239 
D) carbon-14 
E) hydrogen-3

Question 20

Which radioactive isotope is involved in radiocarbon dating?

Accepted Answer

A) C-6 
B) C-12 
C) C-13 
D) C-14 
E) C-6 and C-12. 
A) C-6 
B) C-12 
C) C-13 
D) C-14 
E) C-6 and C-12.

Exam 9: The Nucleus, radioactivity, and Nuclear Medicine

The mass number of an alpha particle is 4.

Compared to the energy of chemical bonds,nuclear binding energy is very weak.

A 50-mg sample of iodine-131 was placed in a container 32.4 days ago.If its half-life is 8.1 days,how many milligrams of iodine-131 are now present?

What does the symbol 0 +1 e represent?

What particle or nucleus X is needed to complete the following equation? 210 86 Rn ? 206 84 Po + X

Which type of radiation has the greatest penetrating power?

What type of radioactive decay is illustrated by the following nuclear equation? 11 6 C ? 11 5 B + 0 +1 e

Why are cancer cells more sensitive to radiation than normal cells?

Unstable nuclei become more stable by spontaneously undergoing a change in their nucleus and emitting radiation.What is the term used to describe this process?

The half-life of cobalt-60 is 5.3 years.What percent of a sample of cobalt-60 will remain after 21.2 years?

Which type of radiation emitted by radioactive nuclei has no mass and no charge?

Which radioactive element is sometimes found in indoor air in such places as basements?

Gamma rays move at the speed of light.

Which type of radiation emitted by radioactive nuclei is the slowest moving and least penetrating?

Which of the following particles or rays requires barriers of lead and/or concrete for adequate protection?

Doubling the distance from a source of radioactivity will halve the radiation intensity.

What term is used to describe radioactive substances that are used as probes to study internal organs?

How many electrons are contained in an alpha particle?

What fissionable isotope or element is produced from uranium-238 in a breeder reactor?

Which radioactive isotope is involved in radiocarbon dating?

Chemistry - Methods and Measurement

The Structure of the Atom and the Periodic Table

Structure and Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds

Calculations, chemical Changes, and the Chemical Equation

States of Matter: Gases, liquids, and Solids

Solutions

Energy,rate and Equilibrium

Acids and Bases

An Introduction to Organic Chemistry

The Unsaturated Hydrocarbons: Alkenes, alkynes, and Aromatics

Alcohols, phenols, thiols, and Ethers

Aldehydes and Ketones

Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Amines and Amides

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Their Functions in Biochemical Systems

Protein Structure and Function

Enzymes

Introduction to Molecular Genetics

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Aerobic Respiration and Energy Production

Fatty Acid Metabolism

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