Question 1

Which statement best describes how the interconversion of ATP and ADP is responsible for storing and providing energy for cellular reactions?

Accepted Answer

A) Energy is stored in ADP and released when ADP adds a phosphate group. 
B) Energy is stored in ADP and released when the phosphoanhydride bond of ATP is broken. 
C) Energy is stored in ATP and released when ADP undergoes phosphorylation. 
D) Energy is stored in ATP and released when the phosphoanhydride bond of ATP is broken. 
E) Energy requiring reactions of the cell drive the phosphorylation of ADP. 
A) Energy is stored in ADP and released when ADP adds a phosphate group. 
B) Energy is stored in ADP and released when the phosphoanhydride bond of ATP is broken. 
C) Energy is stored in ATP and released when ADP undergoes phosphorylation. 
D) Energy is stored in ATP and released when the phosphoanhydride bond of ATP is broken. 
E) Energy requiring reactions of the cell drive the phosphorylation of ADP. D

Question 2

Approximately how much energy,in kilocalories/mol,is released by one mole of ATP in the reaction shown below? ATP + water → ADP + Pi + energy

Accepted Answer

A) 7 
B) 15 
C) 32 
D) 700 
E) 1000 
A) 7 
B) 15 
C) 32 
D) 700 
E) 1000 A

Question 3

Why is the pentose phosphate pathway important?

Accepted Answer

A) It produces more ATP molecules than any other biochemical pathway. 
B) It is an alternate pathway for glucose oxidation,and provides important molecules such as NADPH and sugar phosphates. 
C) It is an alternate pathway for the production of glucose and energy. 
D) It serves as the primary pathway for the reoxidation of NADH to NAD+. 
E) It converts 5-carbon sugars to 6-carbon sugars,thereby allowing them to enter into the glycolysis pathway. 
A) It produces more ATP molecules than any other biochemical pathway. 
B) It is an alternate pathway for glucose oxidation,and provides important molecules such as NADPH and sugar phosphates. 
C) It is an alternate pathway for the production of glucose and energy. 
D) It serves as the primary pathway for the reoxidation of NADH to NAD+. 
E) It converts 5-carbon sugars to 6-carbon sugars,thereby allowing them to enter into the glycolysis pathway. B

Question 4

What term describes the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources?

Accepted Answer

A) glycolysis 
B) glycogenolysis 
C) glucosidase 
D) gluconeogenesis 
E) glycogenesis 
A) glycolysis 
B) glycogenolysis 
C) glucosidase 
D) gluconeogenesis 
E) glycogenesis

Question 5

The liver takes up excess lactate from the blood.Into what product is the lactate first converted?

Accepted Answer

A) glucose 
B) pyruvate 
C) oxaloacetate 
D) acetyl CoA 
E) glycogen 
A) glucose 
B) pyruvate 
C) oxaloacetate 
D) acetyl CoA 
E) glycogen

Question 6

Aldolase splits fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into two compounds.One is glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.What is the other product of this reaction?

Accepted Answer

A) glyceraldehyde-2-phosphate 
B) glyceraldehyde-1-phosphate 
C) dihydroxyacetone phosphate 
D) phosphoenolpyruvate 
E) 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate 
A) glyceraldehyde-2-phosphate 
B) glyceraldehyde-1-phosphate 
C) dihydroxyacetone phosphate 
D) phosphoenolpyruvate 
E) 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate

Question 7

The end products of fermentation are ethylene glycol and carbon dioxide.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

What is an important result of the lactate and ethanol fermentation processes?

Accepted Answer

A) Glucose is oxidized to CO2 and water,providing energy for the synthesis of ATP. 
B) NADH is reoxidized to NAD+,which allows glycolysis to continue. 
C) The CO2 produced in glycolysis is used up and converted to O2. 
D) Ethanol is converted to CO2 and water,providing energy for the synthesis of ATP. 
E) Glucose is regenerated in these processes,and allowed to enter into glycolysis. 
A) Glucose is oxidized to CO2 and water,providing energy for the synthesis of ATP. 
B) NADH is reoxidized to NAD+,which allows glycolysis to continue. 
C) The CO2 produced in glycolysis is used up and converted to O2. 
D) Ethanol is converted to CO2 and water,providing energy for the synthesis of ATP. 
E) Glucose is regenerated in these processes,and allowed to enter into glycolysis.

Question 9

The last step of glycolysis is the kinase catalyzed reaction represented below.What is the identity of the missing product? phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP → ATP + ?

Accepted Answer

A) Pi 
B) AMP 
C) glucose 
D) pyruvate 
E) glycogen 
A) Pi 
B) AMP 
C) glucose 
D) pyruvate 
E) glycogen

Question 10

The hormone insulin stimulates which of the following biochemical pathways?

Accepted Answer

A) glycogenesis 
B) gluconeogenesis 
C) glycogenolysis 
D) glycolysis 
E) reoxidation of NADH 
A) glycogenesis 
B) gluconeogenesis 
C) glycogenolysis 
D) glycolysis 
E) reoxidation of NADH

Question 11

Which coenzyme form must be reoxidized so that glycolysis can continue to produce ATP for the cell?

Accepted Answer

A) NADP+ 
B) NADH 
C) NADPH 
D) FADH 
E) FADH2 
A) NADP+ 
B) NADH 
C) NADPH 
D) FADH 
E) FADH2

Question 12

In glycolysis,a molecule of glucose is converted into 2 molecules of lactate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following statements concerning the digestion of food groups is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Digestion of all food groups begins in the mouth. 
B) Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose and other monosaccharides. 
C) Fats are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids. 
D) Proteins are broken down into amino acids. 
E) Polysaccharides are broken down into glucose and other monosaccharides. 
A) Digestion of all food groups begins in the mouth. 
B) Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose and other monosaccharides. 
C) Fats are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids. 
D) Proteins are broken down into amino acids. 
E) Polysaccharides are broken down into glucose and other monosaccharides.

Question 14

In glycogen synthesis,glycogen synthase catalyzes the linking of glucose units to the growing glycogen chain by the formation of α (1,4)glycosidic bonds.What is the immediate source of glucose for this reaction?

Accepted Answer

A) ATP-glucose 
B) ADP-glucose 
C) UTP-glucose 
D) UDP-glucose 
E) glucose-6-phosphate 
A) ATP-glucose 
B) ADP-glucose 
C) UTP-glucose 
D) UDP-glucose 
E) glucose-6-phosphate

Question 15

Which of the statements concerning gluconeogenesis is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Gluconeogenesis is the process by which glucose is synthesized from carbon atoms from noncarbohydrate sources. 
B) Gluconeogenesis is a pathway that protects the brain and red blood cells from experiencing a loss of glucose. 
C) The gluconeogenesis pathway is the reverse of glycolysis. 
D) Gluconeogenesis is a pathway that is utilized when vigorous activity depletes blood glucose and glycogen stores. 
E) The level of carbohydrate available from the diet controls gluconeogenesis; the gluconeogenesis pathway is active for a diet low in carbohydrates,and inactive for a diet high in carbohydrates. 
A) Gluconeogenesis is the process by which glucose is synthesized from carbon atoms from noncarbohydrate sources. 
B) Gluconeogenesis is a pathway that protects the brain and red blood cells from experiencing a loss of glucose. 
C) The gluconeogenesis pathway is the reverse of glycolysis. 
D) Gluconeogenesis is a pathway that is utilized when vigorous activity depletes blood glucose and glycogen stores. 
E) The level of carbohydrate available from the diet controls gluconeogenesis; the gluconeogenesis pathway is active for a diet low in carbohydrates,and inactive for a diet high in carbohydrates.

Question 16

Step 7 in glycolysis is shown below.Which statement concerning this step is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Breaking the phosphoanhydride bond of ATP provides the energy necessary for the removal of a phosphate group from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. 
B) The hydrolysis of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate provides the energy necessary for the phosphorylation of ADP. 
C) The energy required for the hydrolysis of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is stored in ADP. 
D) The hydrolysis of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate provides the energy necessary for breaking the phosphoanhydride bond of ATP. 
E) The phosphorylation of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is driven by the phosphorylation of ADP. 
A) Breaking the phosphoanhydride bond of ATP provides the energy necessary for the removal of a phosphate group from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. 
B) The hydrolysis of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate provides the energy necessary for the phosphorylation of ADP. 
C) The energy required for the hydrolysis of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is stored in ADP. 
D) The hydrolysis of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate provides the energy necessary for breaking the phosphoanhydride bond of ATP. 
E) The phosphorylation of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is driven by the phosphorylation of ADP.

Question 17

In the first step of glycogenolysis,the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase acts on glycogen to produce glucose-1-phosphate.What must happen to this product before it can enter the glycolysis pathway?

Accepted Answer

A) It must transfer its phosphate group to ADP. 
B) It must add another phosphate group from ATP. 
C) It must isomerize to glucose-6-phosphate. 
D) It must become activated by binding to UDP. 
E) It must become bound to acetyl-CoA. 
A) It must transfer its phosphate group to ADP. 
B) It must add another phosphate group from ATP. 
C) It must isomerize to glucose-6-phosphate. 
D) It must become activated by binding to UDP. 
E) It must become bound to acetyl-CoA.

Question 18

Which statement concerning glycolysis is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Glycolysis is an anaerobic process that occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. 
B) Glycolysis requires energy provided by ATP. 
C) Glycolysis is a pathway that consists of ten enzyme catalyzed reactions. 
D) Glycolysis is the final step in the process to produce energy from food. 
E) Glycolysis breaks down glucose into two pyruvate molecules. 
A) Glycolysis is an anaerobic process that occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. 
B) Glycolysis requires energy provided by ATP. 
C) Glycolysis is a pathway that consists of ten enzyme catalyzed reactions. 
D) Glycolysis is the final step in the process to produce energy from food. 
E) Glycolysis breaks down glucose into two pyruvate molecules.

Question 19

Skeletal muscle cannot contribute to blood glucose as it lacks the enzyme necessary to convert glucose-6-phosphate to glucose.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

ATP,the universal energy currency of the cell,stands for adenosine triphosphate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 21: Carbohydrate Metabolism

Which statement best describes how the interconversion of ATP and ADP is responsible for storing and providing energy for cellular reactions?

Approximately how much energy,in kilocalories/mol,is released by one mole of ATP in the reaction shown below? ATP + water → ADP + Pi + energy

Why is the pentose phosphate pathway important?

What term describes the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources?

The liver takes up excess lactate from the blood.Into what product is the lactate first converted?

Aldolase splits fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into two compounds.One is glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.What is the other product of this reaction?

The end products of fermentation are ethylene glycol and carbon dioxide.

What is an important result of the lactate and ethanol fermentation processes?

The last step of glycolysis is the kinase catalyzed reaction represented below.What is the identity of the missing product? phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP → ATP + ?

The hormone insulin stimulates which of the following biochemical pathways?

Which coenzyme form must be reoxidized so that glycolysis can continue to produce ATP for the cell?

In glycolysis,a molecule of glucose is converted into 2 molecules of lactate.

Which of the following statements concerning the digestion of food groups is FALSE?

In glycogen synthesis,glycogen synthase catalyzes the linking of glucose units to the growing glycogen chain by the formation of α (1,4)glycosidic bonds.What is the immediate source of glucose for this reaction?

Which of the statements concerning gluconeogenesis is FALSE?

Step 7 in glycolysis is shown below.Which statement concerning this step is TRUE?

In the first step of glycogenolysis,the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase acts on glycogen to produce glucose-1-phosphate.What must happen to this product before it can enter the glycolysis pathway?

Which statement concerning glycolysis is FALSE?

Skeletal muscle cannot contribute to blood glucose as it lacks the enzyme necessary to convert glucose-6-phosphate to glucose.

ATP,the universal energy currency of the cell,stands for adenosine triphosphate.

Chemistry - Methods and Measurement

The Structure of the Atom and the Periodic Table

Structure and Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds

Calculations, chemical Changes, and the Chemical Equation

States of Matter: Gases, liquids, and Solids

Solutions

Energy,rate and Equilibrium

Acids and Bases

The Nucleus, radioactivity, and Nuclear Medicine

An Introduction to Organic Chemistry

The Unsaturated Hydrocarbons: Alkenes, alkynes, and Aromatics

Alcohols, phenols, thiols, and Ethers

Aldehydes and Ketones

Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Amines and Amides

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Their Functions in Biochemical Systems

Protein Structure and Function

Enzymes

Introduction to Molecular Genetics

Aerobic Respiration and Energy Production

Fatty Acid Metabolism

Filters

Approximately how much energy,in kilocalories/mol,is released by one mole of ATP in the reaction shown below? ATP + water → ADP + P_i + energy