Question 1

Where in the cell are the enzymes responsible for fatty acid biosynthesis located?

Accepted Answer

A) endosomes 
B) mitochondria 
C) liposomes 
D) cytoplasm 
E) nucleus 
A) endosomes 
B) mitochondria 
C) liposomes 
D) cytoplasm 
E) nucleus

Question 2

Emulsification of dietary lipids produces a solution of fat in water.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Insulin and glucagon have the same biochemical function.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

What class of plasma lipoproteins is formed in intestinal cells when triglycerides are combined with protein?

Accepted Answer

A) endoplasmic reticulum 
B) monoglycerides 
C) triglycerides 
D) chylomicrons 
E) None of the choices are correct. 
A) endoplasmic reticulum 
B) monoglycerides 
C) triglycerides 
D) chylomicrons 
E) None of the choices are correct.

Question 5

Which of the following hormones inhibits the breakdown of lipids?

Accepted Answer

A) glucagon 
B) insulin 
C) progesterone 
D) prostaglandins 
E) cholesterol 
A) glucagon 
B) insulin 
C) progesterone 
D) prostaglandins 
E) cholesterol

Question 6

Which protein binds to the surface of a lipid droplet and helps pancreatic lipases to adhere to the surface and hydrolyze triglycerides?

Accepted Answer

A) colipase 
B) cholic acid 
C) chenodeoxycholic acid 
D) insulin 
E) glucagon 
A) colipase 
B) cholic acid 
C) chenodeoxycholic acid 
D) insulin 
E) glucagon

Question 7

In the disease diabetes mellitus,what is the meaning and relevance of the word "mellitus"?

Accepted Answer

A) "lack of insulin," causing inability to digest sugar 
B) "sweetened with honey," due to the high amount of sugar in urine 
C) "drunken stupor," due to the state of a diabetic coma 
D) "waste away," from the starvation from the inability to digest sugar 
E) "blind," due to the common complication of diabetes 
A) "lack of insulin," causing inability to digest sugar 
B) "sweetened with honey," due to the high amount of sugar in urine 
C) "drunken stupor," due to the state of a diabetic coma 
D) "waste away," from the starvation from the inability to digest sugar 
E) "blind," due to the common complication of diabetes

Question 8

In each cycle of β-oxidation,the carbon chain of a fatty acid is shortened by two carbon atoms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following processes is inhibited by insulin?

Accepted Answer

A) glycogenolysis 
B) citric acid cycle 
C) glycolysis 
D) pyruvate synthesis 
E) glycogenesis 
A) glycogenolysis 
B) citric acid cycle 
C) glycolysis 
D) pyruvate synthesis 
E) glycogenesis

Question 10

Insulin stimulates glycogen formation while it simultaneously inhibits two other processes.What two processes does it inhibit?

Accepted Answer

A) glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis 
B) gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis 
C) glycogenolysis and lipolysis 
D) ketogenesis and lipolysis 
E) lipolysis and glycogenolysis 
A) glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis 
B) gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis 
C) glycogenolysis and lipolysis 
D) ketogenesis and lipolysis 
E) lipolysis and glycogenolysis

Question 11

Biosynthesis of fatty acids takes place in the mitochondria.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

What condition leads to the production of ketone bodies from acetyl CoA?

Accepted Answer

A) low blood pH 
B) low supply of oxaloacetate in the citric acid cycle 
C) high levels of ATP 
D) high blood pH 
E) low supply of carnitine in β-oxidation 
A) low blood pH 
B) low supply of oxaloacetate in the citric acid cycle 
C) high levels of ATP 
D) high blood pH 
E) low supply of carnitine in β-oxidation

Question 13

The fat cells that make up adipose tissue are capable of storing unlimited amounts of triglycerides.What are these fat cells called?

Accepted Answer

A) globucytes 
B) lymphocytes 
C) glycerocytes 
D) lipocytes 
E) adipocytes 
A) globucytes 
B) lymphocytes 
C) glycerocytes 
D) lipocytes 
E) adipocytes

Question 14

When the ketone body acetoacetate undergoes reduction of the ketone carbonyl group,β-hydroxybutyrate,another ketone body,is formed.What is the structure of β-hydroxybutyrate?

Accepted Answer

A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D) 
  
E) 
  
A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D) 
  
E)

Question 15

Why must dietary triglycerides be processed before digestion begins?

Accepted Answer

A) Dietary triglycerides are large,hydrophobic molecules that must be emulsified by bile salts in order for lipases to be effective. 
B) Dietary triglycerides are more stable and undergo hydrolysis more readily when they are bound to the surface of micelles. 
C) Dietary triglycerides contain glycerol as part of their structure; glycerol is toxic to the cell and must first be removed. 
D) Dietary triglycerides are acidic molecules that must be made basic for entry into the small intestine. 
E) Dietary triglycerides are basic molecules that must be made acidic for entry into the small intestine. 
A) Dietary triglycerides are large,hydrophobic molecules that must be emulsified by bile salts in order for lipases to be effective. 
B) Dietary triglycerides are more stable and undergo hydrolysis more readily when they are bound to the surface of micelles. 
C) Dietary triglycerides contain glycerol as part of their structure; glycerol is toxic to the cell and must first be removed. 
D) Dietary triglycerides are acidic molecules that must be made basic for entry into the small intestine. 
E) Dietary triglycerides are basic molecules that must be made acidic for entry into the small intestine.

Question 16

Cholesterol is one component of human bile.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which type of lipoprotein complex transports triglycerides made by the liver to adipose tissue?

Accepted Answer

A) chylomicrons 
B) coenzyme A 
C) adipocytes 
D) very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) 
E) triglyceride transportase complex 
A) chylomicrons 
B) coenzyme A 
C) adipocytes 
D) very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) 
E) triglyceride transportase complex

Question 18

What is the primary function of bile salts in fatty acid metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A) to hydrolyze triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids 
B) to hydrolyze triglycerides into monoglycerides and fatty acids 
C) to break down and emulsify large fat globules to make them more readily hydrolyzable by lipases 
D) to transport triglycerides through the lymphatic system and into the bloodstream 
E) to activate fatty acids in preparation for β-oxidation 
A) to hydrolyze triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids 
B) to hydrolyze triglycerides into monoglycerides and fatty acids 
C) to break down and emulsify large fat globules to make them more readily hydrolyzable by lipases 
D) to transport triglycerides through the lymphatic system and into the bloodstream 
E) to activate fatty acids in preparation for β-oxidation

Question 19

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the α-cells of the islets of Langerhans in response to decreased blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

A) cortisone 
B) insulin 
C) glucagon 
D) adrenalin 
E) epinephrine 
A) cortisone 
B) insulin 
C) glucagon 
D) adrenalin 
E) epinephrine

Question 20

What products are formed in the complete β-oxidation of the ω-labeled fatty acid 10-phenyldecanoic acid,shown below?

Accepted Answer

A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D) 
  
E) This compound does not undergo β-oxidation. 
A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D) 
  
E) This compound does not undergo β-oxidation.

Exam 23: Fatty Acid Metabolism

Where in the cell are the enzymes responsible for fatty acid biosynthesis located?

Emulsification of dietary lipids produces a solution of fat in water.

Insulin and glucagon have the same biochemical function.

What class of plasma lipoproteins is formed in intestinal cells when triglycerides are combined with protein?

Which of the following hormones inhibits the breakdown of lipids?

Which protein binds to the surface of a lipid droplet and helps pancreatic lipases to adhere to the surface and hydrolyze triglycerides?

In the disease diabetes mellitus,what is the meaning and relevance of the word "mellitus"?

In each cycle of β-oxidation,the carbon chain of a fatty acid is shortened by two carbon atoms.

Which of the following processes is inhibited by insulin?

Insulin stimulates glycogen formation while it simultaneously inhibits two other processes.What two processes does it inhibit?

Biosynthesis of fatty acids takes place in the mitochondria.

What condition leads to the production of ketone bodies from acetyl CoA?

The fat cells that make up adipose tissue are capable of storing unlimited amounts of triglycerides.What are these fat cells called?

When the ketone body acetoacetate undergoes reduction of the ketone carbonyl group,β-hydroxybutyrate,another ketone body,is formed.What is the structure of β-hydroxybutyrate?

Why must dietary triglycerides be processed before digestion begins?

Cholesterol is one component of human bile.

Which type of lipoprotein complex transports triglycerides made by the liver to adipose tissue?

What is the primary function of bile salts in fatty acid metabolism?

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the α-cells of the islets of Langerhans in response to decreased blood glucose levels?

What products are formed in the complete β-oxidation of the ω-labeled fatty acid 10-phenyldecanoic acid,shown below?

Chemistry - Methods and Measurement

The Structure of the Atom and the Periodic Table

Structure and Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds

Calculations, chemical Changes, and the Chemical Equation

States of Matter: Gases, liquids, and Solids

Solutions

Energy,rate and Equilibrium

Acids and Bases

The Nucleus, radioactivity, and Nuclear Medicine

An Introduction to Organic Chemistry

The Unsaturated Hydrocarbons: Alkenes, alkynes, and Aromatics

Alcohols, phenols, thiols, and Ethers

Aldehydes and Ketones

Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Amines and Amides

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Their Functions in Biochemical Systems

Protein Structure and Function

Enzymes

Introduction to Molecular Genetics

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Aerobic Respiration and Energy Production

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