Question 1

The final step in β-oxidation of fatty acids is the release of acetoacetic acid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

What is the function of lipase enzymes on triglycerides?

Accepted Answer

A) Lipase enzymes emulsify triglycerides. 
B) Lipase enzymes hydrolyze triglycerides. 
C) Lipase enzymes allow triglycerides to be stored in adipose tissue. 
D) Lipase enzymes oxidize triglycerides. 
E) Lipase enzymes reduce triglycerides. 
A) Lipase enzymes emulsify triglycerides. 
B) Lipase enzymes hydrolyze triglycerides. 
C) Lipase enzymes allow triglycerides to be stored in adipose tissue. 
D) Lipase enzymes oxidize triglycerides. 
E) Lipase enzymes reduce triglycerides.

Question 3

How many acetyl CoA units can be produced from palmitic acid,a fatty acid with the formula CH3(CH2)14COOH?

Accepted Answer

A) 16 
B) 14 
C) 10 
D) 8 
E) 7 
A) 16 
B) 14 
C) 10 
D) 8 
E) 7

Question 4

What compound is released in the final step of β-oxidation of fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

A) acetic acid 
B) CO2 
C) acetyl CoA 
D) carnitine 
E) glycerol 
A) acetic acid 
B) CO2 
C) acetyl CoA 
D) carnitine 
E) glycerol

Question 5

Insulin acts only on those cells that have insulin receptor protein in their plasma membranes.Which of the following cell types are target cells for insulin?

Accepted Answer

A) liver 
B) adipose 
C) muscle 
D) liver and muscle 
E) All of these are correct. 
A) liver 
B) adipose 
C) muscle 
D) liver and muscle 
E) All of these are correct.

Question 6

What type of compound is produced from acetyl CoA when there is insufficient oxaloacetate to allow all the acetyl CoA to enter the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) amino acids 
B) glycogen 
C) disaccharides 
D) ketone bodies 
E) nucleotides 
A) amino acids 
B) glycogen 
C) disaccharides 
D) ketone bodies 
E) nucleotides

Question 7

What is the primary function of the β-oxidation pathway?

Accepted Answer

A) to break down triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol 
B) to synthesize fatty acids from the glycogen reserves in the body 
C) to synthesize triglycerides from the fatty acid stores in the body 
D) to completely degrade fatty acids into two-carbon acetyl CoA units 
E) to degrade two-carbon acetyl CoA units into CO2 and H2O 
A) to break down triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol 
B) to synthesize fatty acids from the glycogen reserves in the body 
C) to synthesize triglycerides from the fatty acid stores in the body 
D) to completely degrade fatty acids into two-carbon acetyl CoA units 
E) to degrade two-carbon acetyl CoA units into CO2 and H2O

Question 8

Which of the following correctly describes the activation and inhibition by insulin?

Accepted Answer

A) Insulin activates anabolic processes and inhibits catabolic processes. 
B) Insulin activates dehydration processes and inhibits biosynthetic processes. 
C) Insulin activates catabolic processes and inhibits anabolic processes. 
D) Insulin activates biosynthetic processes and inhibits anabolic processes. 
E) Insulin activates anabolic processes and inhibits biosynthetic processes. 
A) Insulin activates anabolic processes and inhibits catabolic processes. 
B) Insulin activates dehydration processes and inhibits biosynthetic processes. 
C) Insulin activates catabolic processes and inhibits anabolic processes. 
D) Insulin activates biosynthetic processes and inhibits anabolic processes. 
E) Insulin activates anabolic processes and inhibits biosynthetic processes.

Question 9

What is the fate of the acetyl CoA units produced by β-oxidation of fatty acids when there is an immediate need for energy?

Accepted Answer

A) entry into the citric acid cycle 
B) entry into the oxidative phosphorylation pathway 
C) synthesis of triglycerides 
D) synthesis of glycogen 
E) synthesis of glucose 
A) entry into the citric acid cycle 
B) entry into the oxidative phosphorylation pathway 
C) synthesis of triglycerides 
D) synthesis of glycogen 
E) synthesis of glucose

Question 10

What general class of enzymes catalyzes the hydrolysis of triglycerides?

Accepted Answer

A) glycerases 
B) lipases 
C) oxidases 
D) reductases 
E) hydroxylases 
A) glycerases 
B) lipases 
C) oxidases 
D) reductases 
E) hydroxylases

Question 11

What is the function of malonyl ACP in the biosynthesis of fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

A) to oxidize the β-carbon of the growing fatty acid chain 
B) to add two-carbon units to the growing fatty acid chain 
C) to shorten the fatty acid chain by two-carbon units 
D) to isomerize the trans double bonds in fatty acids to cis double bonds 
E) None of these are correct; malonyl ACP is used in β-oxidation of fatty acids. 
A) to oxidize the β-carbon of the growing fatty acid chain 
B) to add two-carbon units to the growing fatty acid chain 
C) to shorten the fatty acid chain by two-carbon units 
D) to isomerize the trans double bonds in fatty acids to cis double bonds 
E) None of these are correct; malonyl ACP is used in β-oxidation of fatty acids.

Question 12

What is the name of the multi-enzyme complex that carries out the seven steps of fatty acid biosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A) fatty acid synthase 
B) fatty acid conglomerate 
C) NADH 
D) fatty acid lipase 
E) ACP 
A) fatty acid synthase 
B) fatty acid conglomerate 
C) NADH 
D) fatty acid lipase 
E) ACP

Question 13

How many molecules of acetyl CoA will be formed during the β-oxidation of a fatty acid containing a chain of ten carbon atoms?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 3 
C) 4 
D) 5 
E) 10 
A) 2 
B) 3 
C) 4 
D) 5 
E) 10

Question 14

One of insulin's effects is to inhibit biosynthesis of lipids.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The ketone bodies β-hydroxybutyrate,acetone,and acetoacetate are shown below.Which ketone bodies are responsible for the condition known as ketoacidosis?

Accepted Answer

A) acetone 
B) acetoacetate 
C) β-hydroxybutyrate 
D) acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate 
E) All three ketone bodies are responsible for ketoacidosis. 
A) acetone 
B) acetoacetate 
C) β-hydroxybutyrate 
D) acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate 
E) All three ketone bodies are responsible for ketoacidosis.

Question 16

Which statement describing β-oxidation of fatty acids and fatty acid biosynthesis is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) β-Oxidation occurs in the mitochondria. 
B) The acyl group carrier in β-oxidation is coenzyme A. 
C) The electron carriers in β-oxidation and biosynthesis are NADH and FADH2. 
D) The acyl group carrier in biosynthesis is acyl carrier protein (ACP). 
E) Biosynthesis occurs in the cytoplasm. 
A) β-Oxidation occurs in the mitochondria. 
B) The acyl group carrier in β-oxidation is coenzyme A. 
C) The electron carriers in β-oxidation and biosynthesis are NADH and FADH2. 
D) The acyl group carrier in biosynthesis is acyl carrier protein (ACP). 
E) Biosynthesis occurs in the cytoplasm.

Question 17

Each cycle through β-oxidation releases what substance from the fatty acid?

Accepted Answer

A) acetyl CoA 
B) CO2 
C) phenyl acetate 
D) ATP 
E) acetic acid 
A) acetyl CoA 
B) CO2 
C) phenyl acetate 
D) ATP 
E) acetic acid

Question 18

What compound serves as the starting material for the biosynthesis of fatty acids and is also a key intermediate in fatty acid metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A) carnitine 
B) glucose 
C) bile salt 
D) acetyl CoA 
E) lactate 
A) carnitine 
B) glucose 
C) bile salt 
D) acetyl CoA 
E) lactate

Question 19

Which of the following hormones increases blood glucose levels by inducing the breakdown of glycogen and the production of glucose by gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

A) glucagon 
B) insulin 
C) cortisone 
D) adrenalin 
E) cholesterol 
A) glucagon 
B) insulin 
C) cortisone 
D) adrenalin 
E) cholesterol

Question 20

Where in the cell are the enzymes responsible for the degradation of fatty acids located?

Accepted Answer

A) endosomes 
B) mitochondria 
C) liposomes 
D) cytoplasm 
E) nucleus 
A) endosomes 
B) mitochondria 
C) liposomes 
D) cytoplasm 
E) nucleus

Exam 23: Fatty Acid Metabolism

The final step in β-oxidation of fatty acids is the release of acetoacetic acid.

What is the function of lipase enzymes on triglycerides?

How many acetyl CoA units can be produced from palmitic acid,a fatty acid with the formula CH3(CH2)14COOH?

What compound is released in the final step of β-oxidation of fatty acids?

Insulin acts only on those cells that have insulin receptor protein in their plasma membranes.Which of the following cell types are target cells for insulin?

What type of compound is produced from acetyl CoA when there is insufficient oxaloacetate to allow all the acetyl CoA to enter the citric acid cycle?

What is the primary function of the β-oxidation pathway?

Which of the following correctly describes the activation and inhibition by insulin?

What is the fate of the acetyl CoA units produced by β-oxidation of fatty acids when there is an immediate need for energy?

What general class of enzymes catalyzes the hydrolysis of triglycerides?

What is the function of malonyl ACP in the biosynthesis of fatty acids?

What is the name of the multi-enzyme complex that carries out the seven steps of fatty acid biosynthesis?

How many molecules of acetyl CoA will be formed during the β-oxidation of a fatty acid containing a chain of ten carbon atoms?

One of insulin's effects is to inhibit biosynthesis of lipids.

The ketone bodies β-hydroxybutyrate,acetone,and acetoacetate are shown below.Which ketone bodies are responsible for the condition known as ketoacidosis?

Which statement describing β-oxidation of fatty acids and fatty acid biosynthesis is FALSE?

Each cycle through β-oxidation releases what substance from the fatty acid?

What compound serves as the starting material for the biosynthesis of fatty acids and is also a key intermediate in fatty acid metabolism?

Which of the following hormones increases blood glucose levels by inducing the breakdown of glycogen and the production of glucose by gluconeogenesis?

Where in the cell are the enzymes responsible for the degradation of fatty acids located?

Chemistry - Methods and Measurement

The Structure of the Atom and the Periodic Table

Structure and Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds

Calculations, chemical Changes, and the Chemical Equation

States of Matter: Gases, liquids, and Solids

Solutions

Energy,rate and Equilibrium

Acids and Bases

The Nucleus, radioactivity, and Nuclear Medicine

An Introduction to Organic Chemistry

The Unsaturated Hydrocarbons: Alkenes, alkynes, and Aromatics

Alcohols, phenols, thiols, and Ethers

Aldehydes and Ketones

Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Amines and Amides

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Their Functions in Biochemical Systems

Protein Structure and Function

Enzymes

Introduction to Molecular Genetics

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Aerobic Respiration and Energy Production

Filters

How many acetyl CoA units can be produced from palmitic acid,a fatty acid with the formula CH₃(CH₂)₁₄COOH?