Exam 17: Religion

Trace the development of Confucianism.

______________ Buddhism is centered in Japan,China,and Korea and primarily focuses on meditation and the Four Noble Truths.

Explain the relationship between the growth of secularization and the rise of religious fundamentalism.Also describe the future of religion in the United States.

Conflict theorists focus their attention on a microlevel analysis that examines the meanings people give to religion in their everyday lives.For many people,religion serves as a reference group to help them define themselves.For example,religious symbols have meaning for large bodies of people (such as the cross holds special meaning for Christians).

In the educational debate over creationism and evolutionism,advocates of creationism view their belief as founded in______________teachings.

According to sociologist Emile Durkheim,______________refers to those aspects of life that are extraordinary or supernatural-in other words,those things that are set apart as "holy."

Functionalists argue that religion serves the function of social control and support for the government.Religion helps maintain social control by conferring______________on the norms and laws of a society.

One of the best known religious leaders of modern times was Mohandas "Mahatma" Gandhi,the champion of India's independence movement,who was devoted to the______________ideals of nonviolence,honesty,and courage.

Social meaning in religion emerges through the process of______________and from interaction with others in a religious setting.

______________ involves a decline in religion in everyday life and a corresponding increase in organizations that are highly bureaucratized,fragmented,and impersonal.

Hindu beliefs and practice have been preserved through an oral tradition and expressed in texts and hymns known as the:

According to______________theory,religion is essentially a rational response to human needs.

______________ is the process by which religious beliefs,practices,and institutions lose their significance in sectors of society and non-religious values,principles,and institutions take their place.

______________ ,whose followers are known as Muslims,is based on the teachings of its founder,Muhammad,who was born in Mecca.

According to Karl Marx,the capitalist class uses religious ideology as a tool of domination to mislead the workers about their true interests.In this regard,Marx referred to religion as the "______________of the masses."

According to sociologist Emile Durkheim,all religions share three elements.Which of the following is NOT one of these elements?

Define and discuss the four main categories of religion,and link them to the types of societies in which they tend to occur.

Anti-Semitism has been a continuing problem in the United States since the late 19^th century.Like other forms of prejudice and discrimination,it has exacted a heavy toll on multiple generations of:

In Hinduism,the soul's acquisition of each new body is tied to the law of______________(deed or act),which is a doctrine of the moral law of cause and effect.

Confucius,whose sayings are collected in the______________,taught that people must learn the importance of order in human relationships and must follow a strict code of moral conduct,including respect for others,benevolence,and reciprocity.