Exam 17: Religion

______________ Buddhism,which focuses on the life of the Buddha and seeks to follow his teachings,gained its strongest toehold in Southeast Asia.

______________ theorists assert that in attempting to provide meaning and purpose in life while at the same time promoting the status quo,religion is used by the dominant classes to impose their own control over society and its resources.

______________ is associated with early hunting and gathering societies and with many Native American societies,in which everyday life was not separated from the elements of the natural world.

Confucius established the foundation for______________and potential conflict when he set forth his Five Constant Relationships.

According to Christian beliefs,the Supreme Being is a sacred trinity consisting of God the Father,Jesus the Son,and the Holy Spirit.

According to the______________,those who have faith,perform good works,and achieve economic success are more likely to be among the chosen of God.

A(n)______________is a religious organization that is so integrated into the dominant culture that it claims as its membership all members of a society. Membership occurs as a result of being born into the society,rather than by any conscious Decision on the part of individual members.

Since Hinduism has no scriptures that are thought to be inspired by a god or gods and is not based on the teachings of any one person,religion scholars refer to it as an ethical religion-a system of beliefs that calls upon adherents to follow an ideal way of life.

According to feminist theorists,______________consistently privilege(s)men over women.

Central to Hindu teachings is the belief that individual souls,referred to as______________,enter the world and roam the universe.

An ecclesia is a religious organization that is so integrated into the dominant culture that it claims as its membership all members of a society.Membership in the ecclesia occurs as a result of being born into the society,rather than by any conscious decision on the part of the individual member.

Describe conflict perspectives on religion and distinguish between the approaches of sociologists Karl Marx and Max Weber.

Discuss the basic beliefs of Hinduism.

Religion in the United States is very diverse.Pluralism and religious freedom are among the cultural values most widely espoused,and no state church or single denomination predominates.Protestants constitute the largest religious body in the United States,followed by Roman Catholics.

Secularization theory posited that______________would be a major threat to the existence of religion.

According to sociologist Max Weber and the Protestant ethic,those who have faith,perform good works,and achieve economic success are more likely to be among the chosen of God.As a result,people work hard,save their money,and do not spend it on worldly frivolity.

Although God guides human destiny,people are responsible for making their own ethical choices in keeping with His law;when they fail to act accordingly to the law,they have committed a sin.Also,fundamental to______________is the belief that one day the Messiah will come to Earth,ushering in an age of peace and justice for all.

When Muslims bow toward Mecca,the holy city of Islam,five times a day at fixed times to pray to God,and Christians participate in the celebration of communion to commemorate the life,death,and resurrection of Jesus,they are engaging in:

A(n)______________is a large organized religion characterized by accommodation to society but frequently lacking in ability or intention to dominate society.

The Islamic notion of jihad,meaning "struggle," is a core belief.The Greater Jihad is believed to be the internal struggle against sin within a person's heart,whereas the Lesser Jihad is the external struggle that takes place in the world,including violence and war.