Question 1

How did unions often fare in organizing labor around the years 1860-1900?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conditions were so terrible in the various work environments that unions experienced no trouble with recruiting members, growing unimpeded. 
B)  A defining principle of unions was that they refused to engage in violence of any sort, so they had a difficult time getting through to executives. 
C)  Immigrants from many different ethnic groups were far more likely to join unions than white Americans. 
D)  Unions faced significant obstacles, such as the so-called blacklisting of union organizers to keep them from getting hired. 
E)  Only middle-class Americans had the means to join unions, which resulted in the exclusion of the working poor. 
A)  Conditions were so terrible in the various work environments that unions experienced no trouble with recruiting members, growing unimpeded. 
B)  A defining principle of unions was that they refused to engage in violence of any sort, so they had a difficult time getting through to executives. 
C)  Immigrants from many different ethnic groups were far more likely to join unions than white Americans. 
D)  Unions faced significant obstacles, such as the so-called blacklisting of union organizers to keep them from getting hired. 
E)  Only middle-class Americans had the means to join unions, which resulted in the exclusion of the working poor. D

Question 2

What does the term "economies of scale" describe?

Accepted Answer

A)  government efforts to develop the economy on solid investments and produce goods carefully without concern for cost 
B)  Edison's development of small parts that could be interchanged between machines manufactured in his labs 
C)  the ability of the economy to respond to changes in supply and demand from year to year without disturbing investor confidence 
D)  business enterprises that produced large quantities of product cheaply thanks to large workforces and machines 
E)  the sort of economy that capitalists feared would result from too much government regulation 
A)  government efforts to develop the economy on solid investments and produce goods carefully without concern for cost 
B)  Edison's development of small parts that could be interchanged between machines manufactured in his labs 
C)  the ability of the economy to respond to changes in supply and demand from year to year without disturbing investor confidence 
D)  business enterprises that produced large quantities of product cheaply thanks to large workforces and machines 
E)  the sort of economy that capitalists feared would result from too much government regulation D

Question 3

Match each description with the item below.
-Terence V. Powderly

Accepted Answer

A) organized a week-long march of child workers from Pennsylvania to President Theodore Roosevelt's home in New York 
B) maintained his commitment to high tariffs after the war despite concerns that they would increase consumer prices 
C) led the Knights of Labor and emphasized the strategy of winning political control of the areas around unions 
D) wrote the essay "The Gospel of Wealth," which held that with great wealth came great responsibility 
E) met to form the Industrial Workers of the World but withdrew and went on to become a presidential candidate of the Socialist Party of America
F)was the head of the National Labor Union who died suddenly in 1869, resulting in its support declining
G)was a former Confederate cavalry officer who developed a formula meant to be for medicinal syrup but that would become the origin of Coca Cola
H)organized the Workingmen's Party of California and blasted railroad barons for exploiting the poor
I)invented the telephone, which would become the most valuable patent ever issued
J)convinced middle-class women to enter the so-called real world by engaging in social work 
A) organized a week-long march of child workers from Pennsylvania to President Theodore Roosevelt's home in New York 
B) maintained his commitment to high tariffs after the war despite concerns that they would increase consumer prices 
C) led the Knights of Labor and emphasized the strategy of winning political control of the areas around unions 
D) wrote the essay "The Gospel of Wealth," which held that with great wealth came great responsibility 
E) met to form the Industrial Workers of the World but withdrew and went on to become a presidential candidate of the Socialist Party of America
F)was the head of the National Labor Union who died suddenly in 1869, resulting in its support declining
G)was a former Confederate cavalry officer who developed a formula meant to be for medicinal syrup but that would become the origin of Coca Cola
H)organized the Workingmen's Party of California and blasted railroad barons for exploiting the poor
I)invented the telephone, which would become the most valuable patent ever issued
J)convinced middle-class women to enter the so-called real world by engaging in social work C

Question 4

Westinghouse's system of transmitting electricity over long distances lost the "battle of the currents."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

What was one main reason electric motors were significant to the industrialization of the late nineteenth century?

Accepted Answer

A)  They were used in the first automobiles, which made personal travel much easier. 
B)  They powered the first lightbulbs, which allowed people to work at night. 
C)  They freed factories to locate wherever they wished, not just by waterfalls and coal deposits. 
D)  They forced railroads to abandon the use of steam power. 
E)  They eliminated the need for oil during the industrial revolution. 
A)  They were used in the first automobiles, which made personal travel much easier. 
B)  They powered the first lightbulbs, which allowed people to work at night. 
C)  They freed factories to locate wherever they wished, not just by waterfalls and coal deposits. 
D)  They forced railroads to abandon the use of steam power. 
E)  They eliminated the need for oil during the industrial revolution.

Question 6

Why was there a growth of craft unions during the Civil War?

Accepted Answer

A)  The end of slavery flooded the labor market with workers. 
B)  The war sparked an increased demand for skilled labor. 
C)  Unskilled laborers were constitutionally prohibited from unionizing. 
D)  Craft unions would not have to admit the freedmen. 
E)  The American education system expanded dramatically during that period. 
A)  The end of slavery flooded the labor market with workers. 
B)  The war sparked an increased demand for skilled labor. 
C)  Unskilled laborers were constitutionally prohibited from unionizing. 
D)  Craft unions would not have to admit the freedmen. 
E)  The American education system expanded dramatically during that period.

Question 7

By the 1880s, most states had outlawed child labor.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

J. P. Morgan was born in poverty but became a wealthy man through hard work, unlike Carnegie and Rockefeller.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

One of the causes Mother Jones actively pursued was to end the exploitation of children in the workplace.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of the following statements accurately describes the National Labor Union?

Accepted Answer

A)  It developed in response to and was helped by the decreasing power and size of corporations. 
B)  It opposed reforms such as cooperatives and equal rights for women and blacks. 
C)  It opposed the printing of paper money to inflate the currency and thereby relieve debtors. 
D)  It was influential in getting Congress to enact an eight-hour workday for federal employees. 
E)  It was less concerned with political and social problems than with bargaining with employers. 
A)  It developed in response to and was helped by the decreasing power and size of corporations. 
B)  It opposed reforms such as cooperatives and equal rights for women and blacks. 
C)  It opposed the printing of paper money to inflate the currency and thereby relieve debtors. 
D)  It was influential in getting Congress to enact an eight-hour workday for federal employees. 
E)  It was less concerned with political and social problems than with bargaining with employers.

Question 11

During the Gilded Age, which of the following could be said of the wealthy in America?

Accepted Answer

A)  The number of millionaires actually decreased significantly, but they were far wealthier than they had been previously. 
B)  The gap between rich and poor was in many ways beginning to close, as most wealthy individuals engaged in important philanthropy projects. 
C)  Many of the newly rich engaged in "conspicuous consumption," such as through elaborate parties, making class divisions appear more pronounced. 
D)  As the rich got richer, the standard of living in the United States plummeted such that living there became less enticing to potential immigrants. 
E)  Rags-to-riches stories abounded in such a way that this trajectory became the new norm for most Americans. 
A)  The number of millionaires actually decreased significantly, but they were far wealthier than they had been previously. 
B)  The gap between rich and poor was in many ways beginning to close, as most wealthy individuals engaged in important philanthropy projects. 
C)  Many of the newly rich engaged in "conspicuous consumption," such as through elaborate parties, making class divisions appear more pronounced. 
D)  As the rich got richer, the standard of living in the United States plummeted such that living there became less enticing to potential immigrants. 
E)  Rags-to-riches stories abounded in such a way that this trajectory became the new norm for most Americans.

Question 12

What was one of the downsides of the state of the railroad industry?

Accepted Answer

A)  As the railroad industry was in a state of decline, companies rarely hired many employees and instead relied on intense animal labor. 
B)  As the railroad industry was in a state of decline, there were not enough supplies or a process in place for moving employees from one part of the country to another. 
C)  As the railroad industry was, for a time, experiencing a boom, successful companies tended to refuse to engage in lobbying and, thus, missed the chance to form relationships in Washington. 
D)  As the railroad industry was experiencing a boom, companies often cared more about money than preventing dangerous work conditions for their laborers. 
E)  As the railroad industry was experiencing a boom, not nearly enough railroads were built to meet the public demand, and other competing transportation technologies sprang up in the meantime. 
A)  As the railroad industry was in a state of decline, companies rarely hired many employees and instead relied on intense animal labor. 
B)  As the railroad industry was in a state of decline, there were not enough supplies or a process in place for moving employees from one part of the country to another. 
C)  As the railroad industry was, for a time, experiencing a boom, successful companies tended to refuse to engage in lobbying and, thus, missed the chance to form relationships in Washington. 
D)  As the railroad industry was experiencing a boom, companies often cared more about money than preventing dangerous work conditions for their laborers. 
E)  As the railroad industry was experiencing a boom, not nearly enough railroads were built to meet the public demand, and other competing transportation technologies sprang up in the meantime.

Question 13

Like the AFL, the Knights of Labor admitted only skilled workers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Match each description with the item below.
-Alexander Graham Bell

Accepted Answer

A) organized a week-long march of child workers from Pennsylvania to President Theodore Roosevelt's home in New York 
B) maintained his commitment to high tariffs after the war despite concerns that they would increase consumer prices 
C) led the Knights of Labor and emphasized the strategy of winning political control of the areas around unions 
D) wrote the essay "The Gospel of Wealth," which held that with great wealth came great responsibility 
E) met to form the Industrial Workers of the World but withdrew and went on to become a presidential candidate of the Socialist Party of America
F)was the head of the National Labor Union who died suddenly in 1869, resulting in its support declining
G)was a former Confederate cavalry officer who developed a formula meant to be for medicinal syrup but that would become the origin of Coca Cola
H)organized the Workingmen's Party of California and blasted railroad barons for exploiting the poor
I)invented the telephone, which would become the most valuable patent ever issued
J)convinced middle-class women to enter the so-called real world by engaging in social work 
A) organized a week-long march of child workers from Pennsylvania to President Theodore Roosevelt's home in New York 
B) maintained his commitment to high tariffs after the war despite concerns that they would increase consumer prices 
C) led the Knights of Labor and emphasized the strategy of winning political control of the areas around unions 
D) wrote the essay "The Gospel of Wealth," which held that with great wealth came great responsibility 
E) met to form the Industrial Workers of the World but withdrew and went on to become a presidential candidate of the Socialist Party of America
F)was the head of the National Labor Union who died suddenly in 1869, resulting in its support declining
G)was a former Confederate cavalry officer who developed a formula meant to be for medicinal syrup but that would become the origin of Coca Cola
H)organized the Workingmen's Party of California and blasted railroad barons for exploiting the poor
I)invented the telephone, which would become the most valuable patent ever issued
J)convinced middle-class women to enter the so-called real world by engaging in social work

Question 15

Analyze the ways in which the class structure and lives of women changed in the late nineteenth century.

Accepted Answer

In the late nineteenth century, the clas

Question 16

What was the significance of the railcars connected to Pullman cars during the Pullman strike?

Accepted Answer

A)  They allowed the strikers to create as big a disruption as possible, as they set railcars on fire and derailed whole trains. 
B)  They greatly increased the likelihood that Pullman would accept Eugene V. Debs's initial plea for a negotiated settlement. 
C)  They were used as justification for a federal intervention, as President Cleveland claimed that the strike must be ended because it interfered with the mail. 
D)  They allowed union leaders throughout the country to exchange correspondence during the strike, greatly shifting the odds in their favor. 
E)  They were a bargaining tool that Eugene V. Debs used to successfully avoid prison and go on to enjoy a private life out of the spotlight. 
A)  They allowed the strikers to create as big a disruption as possible, as they set railcars on fire and derailed whole trains. 
B)  They greatly increased the likelihood that Pullman would accept Eugene V. Debs's initial plea for a negotiated settlement. 
C)  They were used as justification for a federal intervention, as President Cleveland claimed that the strike must be ended because it interfered with the mail. 
D)  They allowed union leaders throughout the country to exchange correspondence during the strike, greatly shifting the odds in their favor. 
E)  They were a bargaining tool that Eugene V. Debs used to successfully avoid prison and go on to enjoy a private life out of the spotlight.

Question 17

What was the post-Civil War marketplace increasingly becoming over the years 1860-1900?

Accepted Answer

A)  essentially a replica of the European marketplace, as the United States acquired the capital to model goods and services after European businesses without enough left over to allow for ingenuity 
B)  a collaborative marketplace, as leaders of Big Business sought to increase competition because it would lead to a greater diversity of goods and services and better working environments 
C)  a transparent marketplace that strongly discouraged lobbying out of fear that, in response, the small pool of consumers would grow distrustful of corporations and only support small businesses 
D)  a truly national marketplace for the sale and distribution of goods and services, in large part thanks to the expansion of transportation systems and instantaneous communication networks 
E)  a constrained marketplace due to the loss of the cotton economy in the South and the resulting long-term blow to the North's main industries, including textiles and oil 
A)  essentially a replica of the European marketplace, as the United States acquired the capital to model goods and services after European businesses without enough left over to allow for ingenuity 
B)  a collaborative marketplace, as leaders of Big Business sought to increase competition because it would lead to a greater diversity of goods and services and better working environments 
C)  a transparent marketplace that strongly discouraged lobbying out of fear that, in response, the small pool of consumers would grow distrustful of corporations and only support small businesses 
D)  a truly national marketplace for the sale and distribution of goods and services, in large part thanks to the expansion of transportation systems and instantaneous communication networks 
E)  a constrained marketplace due to the loss of the cotton economy in the South and the resulting long-term blow to the North's main industries, including textiles and oil

Question 18

The Sand-Lot Incident refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  a women's movement event that made voting rights more likely. 
B)  white workers refusing to work on the railroads. 
C)  white workers attacking a group of Chinese workers. 
D)  the growth of baseball as a spectator sport. 
E)  Chinese workers protesting poor working conditions. 
A)  a women's movement event that made voting rights more likely. 
B)  white workers refusing to work on the railroads. 
C)  white workers attacking a group of Chinese workers. 
D)  the growth of baseball as a spectator sport. 
E)  Chinese workers protesting poor working conditions.

Question 19

Anarchists oppose all forms of government.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

What was the guiding philosophy behind the Ladies' Home Journal?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jane Addams and other female writers edited it to provide a woman's perspective on science and politics. 
B)  It advocated for women's equality with men and at first was circulated in secret among women readers. 
C)  It promoted middle-class values of the time and the idea that women had a domestic role in life. 
D)  It focused solely on social movements as a means to help draw readers to the work of unions and other groups. 
E)  It was a muckraking newspaper that predominantly published stories about the exploits of millionaires. 
A)  Jane Addams and other female writers edited it to provide a woman's perspective on science and politics. 
B)  It advocated for women's equality with men and at first was circulated in secret among women readers. 
C)  It promoted middle-class values of the time and the idea that women had a domestic role in life. 
D)  It focused solely on social movements as a means to help draw readers to the work of unions and other groups. 
E)  It was a muckraking newspaper that predominantly published stories about the exploits of millionaires.

Exam 17: Business and Labor in the Industrial Era

How did unions often fare in organizing labor around the years 1860-1900?

What does the term "economies of scale" describe?

Match each description with the item below. -Terence V. Powderly

Westinghouse's system of transmitting electricity over long distances lost the "battle of the currents."

What was one main reason electric motors were significant to the industrialization of the late nineteenth century?

Why was there a growth of craft unions during the Civil War?

By the 1880s, most states had outlawed child labor.

J. P. Morgan was born in poverty but became a wealthy man through hard work, unlike Carnegie and Rockefeller.

One of the causes Mother Jones actively pursued was to end the exploitation of children in the workplace.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the National Labor Union?

During the Gilded Age, which of the following could be said of the wealthy in America?

What was one of the downsides of the state of the railroad industry?

Like the AFL, the Knights of Labor admitted only skilled workers.

Match each description with the item below. -Alexander Graham Bell

Analyze the ways in which the class structure and lives of women changed in the late nineteenth century.

What was the significance of the railcars connected to Pullman cars during the Pullman strike?

What was the post-Civil War marketplace increasingly becoming over the years 1860-1900?

The Sand-Lot Incident refers to

Anarchists oppose all forms of government.

What was the guiding philosophy behind the Ladies' Home Journal?

The Collision of Cultures

Englands Colonies

Colonial Ways of Life

From Colonies to States

The American Revolution

Strengthening the New Nation

The Early Republic

The Emergence of a Market Economy

Nationalism and Sectionalism

The Jacksonian Era

The South, Slavery, and King Cotton

Religion, Romanticism, and Reform

Western Expansion

The Gathering Storm

The War of the Union

The Era of Reconstruction

The New South and the New West

Political Stalemate and Rural Revolt

Seizing an American Empire

The Progressive Era

America and the Great War

A Clash of Cultures

The Reactionary Twenties

25

The Second World War

The Cold War and the Fair Deal

Cold War America

A New Frontier and a Great Society

Rebellion and Reaction

Conservative Revival

Twenty-First-Century America

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